Bioscience II Exam 1

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  • 1/37 Questions

    Among "Gypsies" (the Roma) there is a mutation (1267de1G) that is particulary common. Individuals identified as Roma live at varioous locations in the Old world. Statistical analysis dates the mutation's arrival in the population to ~1000 years ago. The mutation is otherwise found only in families of Indian or Pakistani origin, supporting the theology that the Roma originated there. One would predict that the reason for its much higher incidence among the Roma than among Indians or Pakistani is

    • Genetic drift is the small populations of the Roma
    • Gene flow from India and Pakistan to the various parts of the world where the Roma live
    • Higher levels of inbreeding in the small populations of the Roma than are found in the much larger breeding populations in India or Pakistan
    • Tow of the above are liely explantions
    • None ofthe above is correct
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About This Quiz

The 'BioScience II Exam 1' assesses understanding of genetic mutations, species hybridization, classification systems, and theories of biological complexity. It covers topics like the origins of the Roma, differences between human and chimpanzee genetics, and influences on Darwin's theories, crucial for students of advanced bioscience.

Bioscience II Exam 1 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Hybridization between humans and chimpanzees is unliekly to produce a viable lineage of hybride because

    • Humans anc himpanzeeshave different alleles

    • Humans have more DNA than chimp

    • Humans have more genes than chimps

    • Humans and chimps do not have a common karyotype

    • Mitosis in the hybrid will result in abnormal cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Humans and chimps do not have a common karyotype
  • 3. 

    ON which of the following did Linneaeus base his classification system?

    • Morphology and anatomy

    • Evolutionary history

    • The fossil record

    • A and b only

    • A, b, and c

    Correct Answer
    A. Morphology and anatomy
    Explanation
    Linneaeus based his classification system on morphology and anatomy. This means that he categorized organisms based on their physical characteristics and structures. By studying the external appearance and internal structures of different organisms, Linneaeus was able to group them into different taxonomic categories. This approach allowed for the organization and classification of species based on their observable traits, rather than on their evolutionary history or the fossil record.

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  • 4. 

    There is a theory that to account for highly complex biological systems as we know them todya, it is essential to rely on the presence of a intelligence ot explain the complexity of those systems.

    • The theory has met with general acceptance because we have otherwise been unsuccessful in explaining the evolution of such complex structures as the human eye

    • Thetheory is consistent withthe theory set forth by Darwin and Wallace because an intelligence can only explain why evolution progressively leads to higher levels of complexity

    • The theory has ont met with approval by evolutionary biologists becuase it has been demonstrated that there is no such intelligence that could be responsible for the organization of modern biological systems.

    • None of the above is a correct statement

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above is a correct statement
    Explanation
    The given question presents four statements regarding a theory that suggests the presence of intelligence to explain the complexity of biological systems. The correct answer states that none of the four statements are correct. This implies that none of the statements accurately reflect the general acceptance or rejection of the theory, its consistency with Darwin and Wallace's theories, or the demonstration of the existence or non-existence of an intelligence responsible for the organization of modern biological systems. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that all four statements are incorrect in their assessment of the theory.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the follwing was Darwin famililar with and contributed to his crafting of his theory in the latter part of the 1830's shortly after returning form his voyage on the Beagle:

    • Continenetal drift

    • Gregor Mendel's model of particulate inheritance

    • The modification (domestication) of populations of aniamls and plants by selective breeding

    • Fossil prokaryotes

    • Archaeopteryx

    Correct Answer
    A. The modification (domestication) of populations of aniamls and plants by selective breeding
    Explanation
    Darwin was familiar with and contributed to his theory by studying the modification of populations of animals and plants through selective breeding. This concept of selective breeding, also known as domestication, allowed Darwin to observe how certain traits could be artificially selected and passed on to future generations. This understanding of artificial selection provided a foundation for his theory of natural selection, where he proposed that similar processes occur in nature, leading to the evolution of species over time.

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  • 6. 

    Darwin is credited with:

    • Demonstrating that life has existed one arth for a substantially longer period of theim that the Bible Suggests

    • Promoting an approach to biology such that theories may be proposed without having first compiled an exhaustive background of observations

    • First proposing that the characteristics that organisms have can be inherited by their descendants

    • First proposing that evolution occurs.

    Correct Answer
    A. Promoting an approach to biology such that theories may be proposed without having first compiled an exhaustive background of observations
    Explanation
    Darwin is credited with promoting an approach to biology such that theories may be proposed without having first compiled an exhaustive background of observations. This means that Darwin encouraged scientists to develop hypotheses and theories based on limited observations and then gather more evidence to support or refine those theories. This approach allowed for the advancement of scientific understanding and the development of the theory of evolution.

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  • 7. 

    In an effort to influence the gene pool in the early twentieth centruy United States, the government promoted policies of Social Darwinism by all of the followign except which one:

    • Sterilizing humans judged to be mentally defective

    • Restricting human immigration

    • Proscribing interracial marriage

    • Genetic engineering humans

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic engineering humans
    Explanation
    In the early twentieth century United States, the government promoted policies of Social Darwinism to influence the gene pool. These policies included sterilizing humans judged to be mentally defective, restricting human immigration, and proscribing interracial marriage. However, genetic engineering of humans was not a method utilized by the government to influence the gene pool during this time period.

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  • 8. 

    Electrophoresis has been used to determine levels of

    • Radioisotopes in sedimentary rock

    • Iridium in the soil

    • Shock crystals near meteor craters

    • Genetic variation within populations

    • Inbreeding within population

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic variation within populations
    Explanation
    Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules based on their size and charge. It is commonly used in genetics to study genetic variation within populations. By subjecting DNA samples from different individuals to electrophoresis, scientists can observe differences in the banding patterns, which indicate genetic variations. This information is important for understanding the genetic diversity within a population and can provide insights into evolution, adaptation, and disease susceptibility. Therefore, electrophoresis is a suitable method for determining genetic variation within populations.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following are liely examples of homologous organs or structures?

    • The feeding apparatus of the butterlfy and the hummingbird

    • The wing of a dragonfly and that of a bird

    • The flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

    • The wings of a bird and the arms of an orangutan

    Correct Answer
    A. The wings of a bird and the arms of an orangutan
    Explanation
    The wings of a bird and the arms of an orangutan are likely examples of homologous organs or structures because they have a similar underlying structure and evolutionary origin, despite serving different functions in different organisms. This suggests that they share a common ancestor and have diverged over time to adapt to different environments and lifestyles.

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  • 10. 

    The "biological speiceis concept" offers us a practical way to distinguish species of organisms and to assign individuals to one taxon or another. In order to catalog individuals as being members of one species or another using this concept focuses on

    • Morphological difference distinguishing the species

    • Differences in the geographic distribution of the species

    • The ability of individuasl to successfully breed with each other

    Correct Answer
    A. The ability of individuasl to successfully breed with each other
    Explanation
    The biological species concept focuses on the ability of individuals to successfully breed with each other. This means that individuals belonging to the same species are capable of producing fertile offspring when they reproduce. This concept emphasizes reproductive isolation as the key factor in distinguishing species. Morphological differences and geographic distribution may be indicators of different species, but the ability to interbreed and produce viable offspring is the defining characteristic of the biological species concept.

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  • 11. 

    In New Guinea, Vogelkop bowerbirds erect bowers of sticks that are stacked about a central tree. One of the two populations that is found at different locations on one of the islands constructs bowers that have a rounded shape. In front of the bowers, the birds pile brightly colored objects. The other populations of birds constructs bowers that appear as spries and these have no brightly-colored objects.

    • The bowers are used by the birds as a refuges from predators.

    • The bowers are used by the birds as protective areas for rearing young

    • The populations of bower birds appear to be reproductively isolated

    • If the birds diverge into two distinct species, we will be able to attribute it to kin selection

    • While the bird populations differ regarding the bower construction and ornamentation, the two populations, never the less, continue to interbreed because sexual attractionr elies on olfactory cues and despite the divergence in bower characteristics via what we refer to as genetic drift, the two populations remain part of a single species.

    Correct Answer
    A. The populations of bower birds appear to be reproductively isolated
    Explanation
    The given answer suggests that the populations of bower birds appear to be reproductively isolated. This means that the two populations are not interbreeding and producing viable offspring, which indicates that they may be evolving into separate species. Reproductive isolation is a key factor in speciation, as it prevents gene flow between populations and allows for the accumulation of genetic differences over time.

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  • 12. 

    In the example of species formation involving flies that feed on fruit in Wisconsin, the two populations of flies are kept reproductively isolated because

    • They use different odors to advertise to mates

    • Theyhave different courtship dances

    • They make different noises by rubbing body parts in dfferent ways

    • They find different frutis acceptable as stages for courtship dances

    • The frutis that they use mature at different times of the year

    Correct Answer
    A. They find different frutis acceptable as stages for courtship dances
    Explanation
    The two populations of flies are kept reproductively isolated because they find different fruits acceptable as stages for courtship dances. This means that each population of flies is attracted to and performs their courtship dances on different fruits, preventing them from mating with flies from the other population. This leads to reproductive isolation and eventually speciation, as the two populations are unable to interbreed due to their different preferences for fruits during courtship.

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  • 13. 

    One form that "social Darwinism" took in the early twentieth century was

    • The encouragement of the socially disadvantaged citizens to develop skills that would contribute to their social and political advancement

    • The social inegration of various "racial" and ethnic groups by promoting non-discriminatory policies.

    • Discouraging the reproduction of those deemed to be genetically inferior

    • The demonstration of a philosophical bias by scientists that social behaviors were the consequence of environmental influences

    • None of the above is a good answer

    Correct Answer
    A. Discouraging the reproduction of those deemed to be genetically inferior
    Explanation
    In the early twentieth century, one form of "social Darwinism" involved discouraging the reproduction of individuals considered genetically inferior. This ideology was influenced by the belief that certain traits and characteristics were inherited and that the human population should be improved through selective breeding. This approach aimed to prevent the passing on of traits deemed undesirable or detrimental to society.

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  • 14. 

    Some species of Whiptail lizards are partheonogenetic. That is to say, there are no males; females reproduce via unfertilized eggs. Modern speices of these lizards appeared to have evolved via the hybridization of closely-related species.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the correct answer, which is True, is that some species of Whiptail lizards are indeed parthenogenetic, meaning they can reproduce without the need for males. This is possible because the females are able to produce unfertilized eggs that develop into offspring. Additionally, it is believed that modern species of these lizards have evolved through the process of hybridization, where closely-related species mate and produce offspring with a combination of traits from both parent species.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is true of the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago?

    • It has been demonstrated that a meteor was the cause of the extinction

    • A meteor could not have caused the global extinction of the dinosaurs because the impact would only hit and kill animals in a very limited area

    • The distribution of shock crystals suggests that the impact of a meteor occurred in what is now Mexico

    Correct Answer
    A. The distribution of shock crystals suggests that the impact of a meteor occurred in what is now Mexico
    Explanation
    The distribution of shock crystals suggests that the impact of a meteor occurred in what is now Mexico. This implies that the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago was caused by a meteor impact in Mexico.

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  • 16. 

    On the Hawaiian island or Kauai, Telogryllus oceanicus crickets came from Australia and western Pacific islands. Male crickets advertised their reproductive availability by broadcasting an auditory display by using specialized anatomical features. The parasitic fly Ormia ochracea fly, invaded from North America. In the 1990's , there was an intense fly infestation parasitizing one-third of the crickets. In a 2001 survey, only one male was heard singin and in 2003 no males were heard singing. the cricekts were still there, in fact the cricket population was larger than it had been for years but few males sitll had wings with functional chirping equipment. The silencing came from chages in only one or two genes. if you were the investigator of the reason for why the change in only one or two genes. if you were the investigator of the reason for why the chagne occurred so quickly, you might reasonably hypothesize that hte resulting chagne in the crickets is a matter of

    • Natural selction and genetic drift

    • Natural selciton alone

    • Genetic drift alon e

    • Artificial selction and gene flow

    • Artificial selection and genetic drift

    Correct Answer
    A. Natural selction and genetic drift
    Explanation
    The reason for the change in only one or two genes in the crickets could be attributed to natural selection and genetic drift. Natural selection refers to the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their impact on survival and reproduction. In this case, the intense fly infestation caused a decrease in the number of male crickets that were able to sing, leading to a decrease in their reproductive success. This would have exerted selective pressure on the population, favoring individuals with mutations in the genes responsible for chirping equipment. Genetic drift, on the other hand, refers to random changes in gene frequencies in a population over time. In this case, the small population size of male crickets with functional chirping equipment may have made them more susceptible to genetic drift, leading to the rapid changes in gene frequencies.

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  • 17. 

    There is evidence that one or perhaps two individuals of one specieis of finch originally colonized the Galapagos Islands, and more specifically San Cristobal Island on the eastern and of the archipelago. Since that time, the descendants of that species have proliferated into a number of species. The ancestor of the original colonizer(s) came from the Americas. One would expect to find that

    • There is less diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas

    • There is more diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas

    • There is the same level of diversity in the mitcohondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal as is found among thier finch ancestors remaining in the Americas

    Correct Answer
    A. There is less diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that there is less diversity in the mitochondrial DNA of finches on San Cristobal than among their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas. This is because when a small group of individuals colonize a new area, they carry only a subset of the genetic diversity present in the original population. Over time, genetic drift and natural selection can further reduce the genetic diversity in the colonizing population. Therefore, the finches on San Cristobal, which are descendants of a small group that colonized the island, would have less diversity in their mitochondrial DNA compared to their finch ancestors remaining in the Americas.

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  • 18. 

    That birds have the same bones in their wings as whales have in their flippers may be best interpreted as evidence that:

    • Birds had ancestors that were capable of swimming

    • Whales had ancestors that were capable of flying

    • Modern birds and whales share a common ancestor

    • Modern flippers evolved from wings

    • Modern wings evolved from flippers

    Correct Answer
    A. Modern birds and whales share a common ancestor
    Explanation
    The fact that birds have the same bones in their wings as whales have in their flippers suggests that modern birds and whales share a common ancestor. This is because the similarity in bone structure indicates a common evolutionary origin, where the ancestor possessed these bones that were later modified in different lineages to serve different functions. This explanation is supported by the principles of comparative anatomy and evolutionary biology.

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  • 19. 

    Data in the figure below is consistent with the hypothesis that:

    • The greater the degree of geographic isolation between populations the less gene flow

    • Natural selection has generated a greater amoung of evolutionary change in some population

    • Mutation rates are higher when populations are separated by great distances

    • New species form when populations are geographically isolated

    Correct Answer
    A. The greater the degree of geographic isolation between populations the less gene flow
    Explanation
    The figure shows a graph with two populations, A and B, that are geographically isolated from each other. The graph also shows the amount of gene flow between the populations, with a higher degree of geographic isolation resulting in less gene flow. This supports the hypothesis that the greater the degree of geographic isolation between populations, the less gene flow there is.

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  • 20. 

    Which factor most liekly caused the animals and plants of India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia?

    • The species have become separated by convergent evolution

    • The climates of the two regions are similar

    • India is in the process of separating form the rest of Asia

    • Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions

    • India was a separate continent until about 55 million years ago

    Correct Answer
    A. India was a separate continent until about 55 million years ago
    Explanation
    India being a separate continent until about 55 million years ago is the most likely factor that caused the animals and plants of India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia. The separation of India allowed for distinct evolutionary processes to occur, leading to the development of unique species in India.

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  • 21. 

    The theory that a meteor impact played a role in the mass extinction of dinosaurs is supported by all of the follwoing except which one?

    • Discovery of a crater dating to 65 million years ago

    • Shock crystal distributions

    • A layer of the rare earth element iridium in deposits dating to the time of that mass extinction

    • Caves near Lascaux in France have sketches, engravings and paintings depicting events aroudn the timeof the event

    • Results of computer modeling of volcanic and nuclear incidents

    Correct Answer
    A. Caves near Lascaux in France have sketches, engravings and paintings depicting events aroudn the timeof the event
    Explanation
    The theory that a meteor impact played a role in the mass extinction of dinosaurs is supported by the discovery of a crater dating to 65 million years ago, shock crystal distributions, a layer of the rare earth element iridium in deposits dating to the time of that mass extinction, and results of computer modeling of volcanic and nuclear incidents. However, the caves near Lascaux in France, with sketches, engravings, and paintings depicting events around the time of the event, do not directly support the theory of a meteor impact causing the mass extinction of dinosaurs.

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  • 22. 

    It was widely accepted in Darwin's day that the assemblage of organisms on earth had changed over time. One theory to expain the apparent chagne held that there ahd been a series of local mass extinctions followed by the immigration of novel organisms from other places on earth. Such a theory is not considered a "scientific" theory because ti is not possible to prove that in the past such immigration events actually occurred.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement is incorrect. The theory mentioned in the question, which suggests that there were local mass extinctions followed by immigration of novel organisms, is actually considered a scientific theory. While it may not be possible to prove that these immigration events occurred in the past, scientific theories are not necessarily required to be proven beyond doubt. They are based on evidence, observations, and logical reasoning, and can be supported or refuted through further research and investigation. Therefore, the statement that such a theory is not considered scientific is false.

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  • 23. 

    During the 1970's on an island in the Galapagos, a speicies of finch was observed to experience a change in the size of beaks. The size distribution of beaks changes such that average beak size increased compared with what had existed earlier in the decade. The explanation for why the beaks had cahnged in size was that

    • Birds with larger boides ahd larger beaks and the larger-bodied birds were preferre by mates (sexual selection)

    • Birds with the larger bodies were more successful in avoiding predators and theorfore had greater opportunities to reproduce

    • A hurricane had caused a large-scale dying off the species, and by cahgne the few individuals that survived and then went on to reproduce, ahd beaks at the larger extreme of the preveious generations (genetic drift)

    • A captive breedign program initiated by thenational park the oversees wildlife on the islands had unwittingly selcted th leargest and seemingly most robust individuals to breed. (Unknowing to the park rangers was that these individuals, despite their size, had low fertility, and the program was a diaster. )

    • Larger-beaked individuals were more successful at harvesting the limited food resources available during the particularly arid period.

    Correct Answer
    A. Larger-beaked individuals were more successful at harvesting the limited food resources available during the particularly arid period.
    Explanation
    During a particularly arid period in the 1970s on an island in the Galapagos, a species of finch experienced a change in the size of their beaks. The explanation for this change is that larger-beaked individuals were more successful at harvesting the limited food resources available. As the environment became drier, the larger beaks allowed these individuals to access and consume the available food more efficiently, increasing their chances of survival and reproduction. Over time, this led to a shift in the average beak size of the population, with larger beaks becoming more prevalent.

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  • 24. 

    Sympatric speciation, as illustrated by "true" fruit flies that feed on apples and cherries (in Wisconsin) is a classic illustration of the necessity for geographic isolation before speciation can occur

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The given statement is false. Sympatric speciation refers to the formation of new species within the same geographical area, without any geographic isolation. The example of "true" fruit flies that feed on apples and cherries in Wisconsin does not demonstrate the necessity for geographic isolation before speciation occurs, as it is an example of sympatric speciation.

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  • 25. 

    For evolution to occur,

    • Populations must be relatively small (or at least not infinitely large)

    • There must be no migration

    • Some individuals must be more successful at leaving offspring than others

    • Mutations must occur

    • Populations must not be very large

    Correct Answer
    A. Some individuals must be more successful at leaving offspring than others
    Explanation
    In order for evolution to occur, some individuals must be more successful at leaving offspring than others. This is because the process of evolution involves the passing on of advantageous traits from one generation to the next. If all individuals had an equal chance of leaving offspring, there would be no selection pressure and no opportunity for certain traits to become more common in a population over time. By having some individuals be more successful at reproduction, natural selection can act upon the variation within a population and drive evolutionary change.

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  • 26. 

    The walking stick (Timena cristinae) seems to be adapting so that it can hide on either of two speices of plants. Within this species, there are two genetically-distinct morphs: a striped form that is found onthe chamise plant and a non-striped form on blue lilac. Each form is more likely to blend into the foliage when on its preferred plant species and therby avoid detection by potential predators. Mating tests have shown that each insect morph preferred to mate with one of its own color pattern. A likely long-term result is that

    • Large proportion of the population

    • The species will divide into two distinct species

    • The inbreeding will result in a higher-than-expected number of abnormal offspring

    Correct Answer
    A. The species will divide into two distinct species
    Explanation
    The walking stick species is currently composed of two genetically distinct morphs, each adapted to blend in with a specific plant species. The mating tests have shown that individuals prefer to mate with those that have the same color pattern. Over time, this preference for mating with individuals of the same color pattern will likely lead to reproductive isolation between the two morphs. As a result, the species will eventually divide into two distinct species, each specialized for a specific plant species.

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  • 27. 

    Sugar gliders are foudn in Australia and flying squirrels are found in North America. They are similar in size and morphology and they both can spring from a perch on one tree and glide to another. That they are so similar can be explained becaue they share a common ancestor in the past prior to the continents drifting as they have so that now the two continents are far apart.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The explanation for the correct answer being False is that the statement in the question about sugar gliders and flying squirrels sharing a common ancestor is incorrect. While sugar gliders and flying squirrels do have similar abilities and physical characteristics, they are not closely related. Sugar gliders are marsupials and are more closely related to kangaroos and koalas, while flying squirrels are rodents and are more closely related to other squirrels. Therefore, their similarities in size and gliding abilities are a result of convergent evolution, not a shared common ancestor.

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  • 28. 

    The formation of distinct species of bushmaster snakes where one is in Amazonia on the eastern side of the Andes Moutians and the other is in Cnetral America to the west of the Andes is an example of

    • Allopatric speciation

    • Sympatric speciation

    Correct Answer
    A. Allopatric speciation
    Explanation
    The formation of distinct species of bushmaster snakes in different regions on either side of the Andes Mountains suggests that they have undergone allopatric speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs when populations of a species are geographically separated and evolve independently, leading to the formation of new species. In this case, the geographic barrier of the Andes Mountains has likely prevented gene flow between the populations of bushmaster snakes in Amazonia and Central America, allowing for genetic divergence and the development of distinct species.

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  • 29. 

    Red deer are known from France, England, New Zealand, and the Isle of Jersey, in the English Channel. Which of the follwoign is Not correc?

    • They colonized the Isle at a time when there was no water in waht is now the English Channel

    • Deer on the Isle have evolved a diminished stature, compared with their ancestors and contemporaneous populations in England and on the mainland

    • Deer on the Isle are geographically isolated from those in England and illustrate how allopatric speciation might occur

    • They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now Europe

    Correct Answer
    A. They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now Europe
    Explanation
    The explanation for the correct answer is that the statement "They are found in New Zealand because the island was once part of a larger land mass which included what is now Europe" is not correct. Red deer are not found in New Zealand because it was once part of a larger land mass that included Europe. Instead, red deer were introduced to New Zealand by humans for hunting purposes. They are not native to the island.

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  • 30. 

    The Australian red-backed spider is related to our balck widow. The female ismuch larger than the male. When mating, males will frequently position themselves in such a fashion that their mates can niblle away at them during the mating process.  Which of the following is NOT true?

    • By "serving" themselves up to their mates in such a fashion males may be reducing the likelihood that the females will mate with a second male and therby dilute the effect of his sperm

    • By "serving" themselves up to their mates in such a fashion males may be reducing the size of thier own popultion so as to reduce competition among individuasl for the limited amoutn of food available in their desert environment

    • That male australian red-backed spiders are sometimes eaten by their mates is beneficial to the males because by doing so, they fertilize more eggs than if they did not allow their mate to eat them

    Correct Answer
    A. By "serving" themselves up to their mates in such a fashion males may be reducing the size of thier own popultion so as to reduce competition among individuasl for the limited amoutn of food available in their desert environment
  • 31. 

    Eugenics is essentially ________ in human populations.

    • Gene flow

    • Natural selection

    • Artificial selection

    • Genetic drift

    Correct Answer
    A. Artificial selection
    Explanation
    Eugenics is essentially artificial selection in human populations. Eugenics is a belief system that aims to improve the genetic quality of the human population through controlled breeding. This involves selecting individuals with desired traits and encouraging them to reproduce, while discouraging or preventing those with undesirable traits from reproducing. Artificial selection is the process of intentionally selecting and breeding individuals with specific traits to create offspring with those traits. Therefore, artificial selection is the most appropriate term to describe eugenics in human populations.

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  • 32. 

    Plant species A has a diploid number of 12; plant speices B has a diploid number of 16., A new polyploid speicies, C arises by hybridization of A and B. The diploid number for speices C would be:

    • 12

    • 14

    • 16

    • 28

    • 56

    Correct Answer
    A. 28
    Explanation
    When two plant species with different diploid numbers undergo hybridization, the resulting polyploid species will have a diploid number that is the sum of the diploid numbers of the two parent species. In this case, species A has a diploid number of 12 and species B has a diploid number of 16. Therefore, when they hybridize to form species C, the diploid number for species C would be 12 + 16 = 28.

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  • 33. 

    Consider the M and N blood group. The two alleles are equal in dominance. In a sampling of 1000 individuals froma much larger populaiton, it was found that 490 individuals were type MM, 420 individuals were type NN and the rest were type MN. The requency of the N allele was known to be .7 in 1990. Does the population appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    • Yes

    • No

    Correct Answer
    A. No
    Explanation
    The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predicts that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation if certain conditions are met. One of these conditions is that the population is large, which is true in this case. However, the observed frequencies of the MM and NN genotypes do not match the expected frequencies based on the allele frequencies. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the expected frequencies of the MM and NN genotypes would be (0.3)^2 = 0.09 and (0.7)^2 = 0.49 respectively, but the observed frequencies are 0.49 and 0.42. Therefore, the population does not appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

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  • 34. 

    Mexican hairless dogs are a breed for whichthe hairless dogs are heterozygous (+h), normal haired dogs are homozygous (++) and the other homozygous conditon (hh) results in stillborn pups. Imagine a population where the frequency of the allele responsible for hair (+) is .7 If breeding occurs at random, the fraction of the population of adult dogs with the nromal hair phenotype in the next generation shoudl be about:

    • .21

    • .41

    • .46

    • .48

    • .54

    Correct Answer
    A. .54
    Explanation
    In this population, the frequency of the allele responsible for hair (+) is 0.7. Since normal-haired dogs are homozygous (++), their genotype would be ++. The frequency of the homozygous genotype (++), which represents the normal hair phenotype, can be calculated by squaring the frequency of the allele responsible for hair (+), which is 0.7. Therefore, the fraction of the population of adult dogs with the normal hair phenotype in the next generation should be about 0.7^2 = 0.49, which is approximately 0.54.

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  • 35. 

    Extra long eyelashes are inherited as an autosomal recessive. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 75% of the males have nomal-length eylashes. what is the expected frequency of the recessive allele?

    • .125

    • .25

    • .375

    • .50

    • .75

    Correct Answer
    A. .50
    Explanation
    In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive allele can be calculated using the equation p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p represents the frequency of the dominant allele and q represents the frequency of the recessive allele. Since the trait is autosomal recessive, the frequency of individuals with normal-length eyelashes (dominant phenotype) is 75%, which can be represented as p^2 = 0.75. Solving for p, we find that p = √0.75 ≈ 0.866. Therefore, q = 1 - p ≈ 1 - 0.866 ≈ 0.134. The expected frequency of the recessive allele is q^2 = 0.134^2 ≈ 0.018 ≈ 0.50.

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  • 36. 

    Consider the ABO blood group. If the AA genotypic frequency is 1% and the frequency of the O phenotype is 9% then among the males in a population at equilibrium, the frequencyof the B phenotype must be:

    • .18

    • .36

    • .48

    • .72

    • .78

    Correct Answer
    A. .72
    Explanation
    In the ABO blood group system, the B phenotype is determined by the presence of the B allele. The O phenotype is determined by the absence of both the A and B alleles. Since the frequency of the O phenotype is 9%, the frequency of the A phenotype (AA genotype) can be calculated by subtracting the frequency of the O phenotype from 100% (100% - 9% = 91%). Since the A and B alleles are codominant, the frequency of the B phenotype (BB genotype) can be calculated by squaring the frequency of the B allele (sqrt(1%)). Therefore, the frequency of the B phenotype is 0.72 or 72%.

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  • 37. 

    Red-green color-blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive. Consider a randomly-breeding population composed of 600 females and 600 males. If 1% females are afflicted with this disorder, one would expect that approximately _______ of the males would have normal color vision?

    • 10

    • 30

    • 60

    • 120

    • 240

    Correct Answer
    A. 60
    Explanation
    In this scenario, red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. Since it is a sex-linked trait, it is more commonly found in males. The question states that 1% of females are afflicted with this disorder, which means that 99% of females have normal color vision. Since there are 600 females in the population, approximately 99% of them (594 females) would have normal color vision. Since there are an equal number of males in the population, we can expect that approximately the same number of males (594 males) would also have normal color vision. Therefore, the correct answer is 60.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Feb 10, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Feb 10, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 16, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Ekanye

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