Bioprocess Trivia Questions Quiz!

Enzyme activity can be influenced by various factors. Temperature plays a crucial role as enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they function most efficiently. Deviations from this temperature can denature the enzyme and affect its activity. pH is another important factor as enzymes have an optimal pH range in which they function effectively. Changes in pH can alter the enzyme's structure and disrupt its activity. Certain metal ions can act as cofactors or inhibitors, affecting enzyme activity. The addition or removal of phosphate groups can also modify enzyme activity by activating or deactivating the enzyme. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors can impact enzyme activity.

Genetic stability is an important trait for a microorganism used in industrial processes because it ensures that the organism's genetic material remains unchanged over time. This is crucial for maintaining consistent and reliable production of desired products. Genetic stability prevents mutations or genetic variations that could potentially alter the organism's ability to perform its intended function in the industrial process. By having genetic stability, the microorganism can consistently produce the desired product, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in industrial settings.

The initial rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction depends on all of the above factors. The concentration of the enzyme is important because a higher concentration means more enzyme molecules available to catalyze the reaction. The concentration of the substrate is also important because a higher concentration means more substrate molecules available for the enzyme to bind to and catalyze. Finally, the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate is crucial because it determines how easily the enzyme can bind to the substrate and catalyze the reaction. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the initial rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction.

Both succinate to fumarate and L-lactate to pyruvate reactions can be performed in a membrane reactor. A membrane reactor is a type of reactor that utilizes a permeable membrane to separate reactants and products, allowing for continuous operation and enhanced selectivity. In the case of these reactions, the reactants and products can freely diffuse across the membrane, enabling the reaction to occur within the reactor. Therefore, both reactions can be effectively carried out in a membrane reactor.

In aerobic industrial microbial processes, providing adequate aeration is one of the most difficult problems to solve. This is because aerobic processes require a constant supply of oxygen to support the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Without sufficient aeration, the microorganisms may not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to reduced growth rates and inefficient production of desired products. Therefore, ensuring that there is enough oxygen available in the system is crucial for the success of aerobic industrial microbial processes.

All of the above conditions prove that a fluid is a Birmingham plastic. A Birmingham plastic is a type of fluid that can withstand a certain value of stress, meaning it has a high yield strength. Additionally, a solid becoming a fluid is a characteristic of a Birmingham plastic, as it can undergo a phase change from a solid to a fluid state. Margarine is often used as an example of a Birmingham plastic, as it exhibits the properties of being able to withstand stress and undergo a phase change. Lastly, the apparent viscosity of a Birmingham plastic decreases, meaning it flows more easily under stress.

A PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) is a closed process because it operates without any inlet or outlet streams, meaning that no mass is added or removed during the reaction. The reactants flow through the reactor in a continuous manner, undergoing chemical reactions as they move along the reactor. This closed system allows for precise control over reaction conditions and helps to ensure the integrity of the reaction process. In contrast, PFR with total recycle, PFR in series, and PFR in parallel involve additional inlet or outlet streams, making them open processes.

Corn steep liquor is not an economic source of bulk carbon suitable for large scale industrial microbial processes. This is because corn steep liquor is a byproduct of the corn wet milling process and contains primarily nitrogen and other nutrients, but not a significant amount of carbon. Sucrose and whey, on the other hand, are both rich sources of carbon and can be used as carbon sources in industrial microbial processes.

The molecular formula for a bacterial cell is C4H7O2N. This formula represents the number and types of atoms present in a bacterial cell. The presence of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) in the formula indicates the composition of organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates that make up a bacterial cell.

Enzymes are important industrial products that can be obtained from microorganisms. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions, speeding up the rate of these reactions. They are widely used in various industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are capable of producing a wide range of enzymes with diverse functions. These enzymes can be isolated and purified from the microorganisms and then used in industrial processes for various applications. Therefore, the correct answer is enzymes.