Biology Quiz: Ch 14.1 & 14.2 On Human Genetics

Explanation
Pedigrees are charts that display the inheritance of traits within a family over multiple generations. They show the presence or absence of a specific trait and help trace its pattern of inheritance. By examining the relationships between family members, pedigrees provide valuable information about genetic disorders, hereditary diseases, and the likelihood of passing on certain traits to future generations.

Explanation
Pedigrees are graphical representations of a family tree that depict the presence or absence of a specific trait or condition within a lineage. They are commonly used in genetics to study the inheritance patterns of traits and to track the occurrence of genetic disorders within families. By analyzing pedigrees, scientists can determine whether a trait is inherited in a dominant or recessive manner, identify carriers of genetic disorders, and predict the likelihood of certain traits being passed on to future generations.

Explanation
The given answer correctly explains how to read a pedigree. In a pedigree, solid shapes represent the presence of a trait, while empty shapes represent the absence of a trait. Additionally, circles represent females and squares represent males. Therefore, the answer correctly states that solid shape represents trait present, empty shape represents trait absent, circle represents female, and square represents male.

Explanation
Karyotypes are micrographs of complete diploid sets of chromosomes. They show the chromosomes grouped together in pairs and arranged in order of decreasing size. This allows scientists to study and analyze the structure, number, and behavior of chromosomes in an individual. Karyotypes are used in genetics to identify chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome. They provide valuable information about an individual's genetic makeup and can help diagnose genetic disorders.

Explanation
Karyotypes are visual representations of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs. They provide information about the number, size, and shape of chromosomes, allowing scientists to identify any abnormalities or genetic disorders. By examining karyotypes, we can determine the sex of an individual and detect chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome. Therefore, karyotypes show pairs of chromosomes.