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Blood
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Intestinal wall
Common bile duct
Protein
Complex carbohydrate
Fat
Converts glucose to alcohol
Converts the nutrients into monomers
Manages the amount of glucose that is converted to polysaccharides
Converts excess glucose to glycogen
Colon
Esophagus
Cecum
Appendix
Rectum
Prokaryotes in the colon and cecum digest plant material
We expect that an herbivore will have a longer alimentary canal than a carnivore of similar body size.
Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its protein content
Many herbivorous animals have cellulose-digesting microbes in their colon and cecum.
Rumination helps to soften and break down plant fibers, making them more accessible to digestion by microbes.
An expandable stomach
Formation of a two-chambered stomach
Production of amylase
An extended cecum
A rich microbial flora in the colon
Converting cellulose to other carbohydrates
Production of saliva containing amylase
Drinking large volumes of water
Digestion by symbiotic microorganisms
Avoidance of platns containing cellulose
Glycolsis
Metabolism
Metabolic rate
Digestion
Consumption
Calories
One or more essential nutrients
Protein
Water
Bile and acids needed for digestion
Stored in the gallbladder
Required in order to synthesize most vitamins
The fatty acids that humans can synthesize from simpler molecules.
The fatty acids used in the construction of the phospholipids of cell membranes.
Those fatty acids that humans are unable to synthesize.
May become protein-deficient
May become severely dehydrated
Run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen
Are soon unalbe to produce sufficicnet quantities of bile
Live longer than people who ingest animal protein
Pyridoxine
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
K
Niacin
They must be ingested in large quantities.
They lower the activation energy required for biochemical reactions.
They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes.
They are major sources of dietary calories.
They are simple inorganic compounds.
Table salt
Zinc
Calcium
Iodine
Iron
Cardiovascular disease
Chicken pox
Cancer
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis
Moldy foods
Antioxidants
Red meat
Cured and smoked foods
Bacon
Pepsiogen,pepsin, HCL
Pepsin, HCL, Pepsinogen
Amylase, HCL, pepsin
Amylase, maltose, HCL
Positive feedback mechanism
Negative feedback mechanism
Acid-base reaction
Emulsification
Scretes insulin
Produces bile juice
Converts glucose to glycogen
Converts toxic ammonia into urea
Lipase converts fat into fatty acid and glycerol
Pepsin converts protein into amino acids
Amylase converts polysccharides into glucose
Amylase converts lipids into fatty acid and glycerol
Amylase in saliva converts starch into glucose
Lipase converts fat into fatty acid and glycerol
Pepsin converts protein into amino acids
Trypsin converts protein into amino acids
Appendicitis
Gastric ulcer
Constipation
Heart burn
Diahoea
Their sense of distinguishing food from feces is poor
Partially digested food in their cecum is eliminated and it still comtains a lot of nutrients.
They have symbiotic microbes in the cecum.
They are rumminant mammals.
Emulsification
Peristlasis
Lipase
Fatty acids and glyceral