Biology Exam 4 Practice Quiz
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High-flying birs are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because
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Their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes
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They are able to store oxygen chambers within muscle cells
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They have reduce amounts of hemoglobin in their blood
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They have more efficient lunds than other vertebrates
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Their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates
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The 'Biology Exam 4 practice quiz' assesses understanding of respiratory adaptations in high-flying birds, physiological responses to high altitude, and the necessity of oxygen for energy in animals. It's designed to enhance knowledge in key areas of respiratory physiology.
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- 2.
High-flying birs are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because
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Their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes
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They are able to store oxygen chambers within muscle cells
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They have reduce amounts of hemoglobin in their blood
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They have more efficient lunds than other vertebrates
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Their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates
Correct Answer
A. They have more efficient lunds than other vertebratesExplanation
High-flying birds are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because they have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates. This means that their lungs are better adapted to extract oxygen from the thin air at high altitudes, allowing them to maintain sufficient oxygen levels in their bodies. This increased efficiency in their lungs enables high-flying birds to thrive in environments where oxygen availability is limited.Rate this question:
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- 3.
If you were to move from around sea level to a much higher altitude, your body would respond with
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An increase in energy production
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A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
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An increase in the number of red blood cells
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Profuse sweating
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A decrease in the diameter and number of capillaries close to your body's surface
Correct Answer
A. An increase in the number of red blood cellsExplanation
When moving to a higher altitude, the concentration of oxygen in the air decreases. In response, the body increases the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. This increase in red blood cells helps to compensate for the lower oxygen levels, allowing the body to deliver enough oxygen to the tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is an increase in the number of red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If you were to move from around sea level to a much higher altitude, your body would respond with
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An increase in energy production
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A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
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An increase in the number of red blood cells
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Profuse sweating
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A decrease in the diameter and number of capillaries close to your body's surface
Correct Answer
A. An increase in the number of red blood cellsExplanation
Moving from sea level to a higher altitude means there is less oxygen available in the air. In response to this change, the body increases the number of red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues, so by increasing their number, the body can transport more oxygen to compensate for the lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes. This helps to ensure that the body's tissues receive enough oxygen for proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The reason animals need continuous supply of oxygen is to
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Obtain energy from their food
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Make carbon dioxide
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Dispose of carbon dioxide
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Carry out glycolysis
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Synthesize protein
Correct Answer
A. Obtain energy from their foodExplanation
Animals need a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from their food through the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down glucose molecules and release energy in the form of ATP. Without oxygen, animals would not be able to efficiently extract energy from their food and carry out essential life processes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The reason animals need continuous supply of oxygen is to
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Obtain energy from their food
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Make carbon dioxide
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Dispose of carbon dioxide
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Carry out glycolysis
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Synthesize protein
Correct Answer
A. Obtain energy from their foodExplanation
Animals need a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from their food through the process of cellular respiration. Oxygen is necessary for the final step of this process, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells and produces ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Without oxygen, animals would not be able to efficiently extract energy from their food and carry out essential biological processes. Therefore, obtaining energy from their food is the primary reason why animals require a continuous supply of oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A waste product of repsiration is
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Electrons
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Water
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Hydrogen peroxide
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Carbon dioxide
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Glucose
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxideExplanation
During the process of respiration, glucose is broken down in cells to release energy. One of the waste products produced in this process is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is then transported through the bloodstream to the lungs where it is exhaled out of the body. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the correct answer as it is a waste product of respiration.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A waste product of repsiration is
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Electrons
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Water
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Hydrogen peroxide
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Carbon dioxide
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Glucose
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxideExplanation
During respiration, the body breaks down glucose to produce energy. Carbon dioxide is a waste product that is produced as a result of this process. It is released into the bloodstream and transported to the lungs, where it is exhaled out of the body. Electrons are not waste products of respiration, as they are involved in the transfer of energy. Water is also not a waste product of respiration, as it is essential for various bodily functions. Hydrogen peroxide is not a waste product of respiration, but rather a byproduct of certain metabolic reactions. Glucose is not a waste product, but rather a fuel source for respiration.Rate this question:
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- 9.
When you exhale, you
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Remove CO2 from the body
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Exchange CO2 for O2
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Take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood
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Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen
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Release oxygen and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Remove CO2 from the bodyExplanation
When you exhale, you remove CO2 from the body. During respiration, your body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. This process occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is eliminated by exhaling. Therefore, when you exhale, you are removing CO2 from the body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
When you exhale, you
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Remove CO2 from the body
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Exchange CO2 for O2
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Take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood
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Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen
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Release oxygen and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Remove CO2 from the bodyExplanation
When you exhale, you remove CO2 from the body.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The body structure where gas exchange occurs is called the
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Capillary surface
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Respiratory surface
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Integumentary surface
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Capillary network
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Exchange network
Correct Answer
A. Respiratory surfaceExplanation
The correct answer is "respiratory surface". The respiratory surface is the body structure where gas exchange occurs. This surface is specialized for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment. It can be found in various organisms, such as the lungs in mammals, gills in fish, and tracheal systems in insects.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The body structure where gas exchange occurs is called the
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Capillary surface
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Respiratory surface
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Integumentary surface
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Capillary network
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Exchange network
Correct Answer
A. Respiratory surfaceExplanation
The correct answer is respiratory surface because it is the body structure where gas exchange occurs. This surface is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment. It is typically found in organs such as lungs, gills, or the skin of some animals. The respiratory surface is designed to maximize the diffusion of gases, allowing for efficient respiration.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must
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Be aquatic and nearly spherical
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Be terrestrial
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Have a high ratio of body surface area to volume
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Have a low ratio of body surface area to volume
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Have a special kind of hemoglobin
Correct Answer
A. Be terrestrialExplanation
Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must be terrestrial. This is because terrestrial animals have a higher ratio of body surface area to volume compared to aquatic animals. This allows for a larger surface area available for gas exchange with the surrounding environment. Aquatic animals, on the other hand, rely on other specialized respiratory structures such as gills to extract oxygen from water. Therefore, being terrestrial is a key characteristic for animals that rely on their body surface for gas exchange.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must
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Be aquatic and nearly spherical
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Be terrestrial
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Have a high ratio of body surface area to volume
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Have a low ratio of body surface area to volume
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Have a special kind of hemoglobin
Correct Answer
A. Be terrestrialExplanation
Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must be terrestrial. This is because terrestrial animals have a higher ratio of body surface area to volume compared to aquatic animals. This allows for a larger surface area available for gas exchange with the surrounding environment. Aquatic animals, on the other hand, rely on other specialized structures such as gills to facilitate gas exchange due to their lower body surface area to volume ratio. The presence of a special kind of hemoglobin is not necessary for effective gas exchange through the body surface.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following organisms has a repiratory system that does not require a circulatory system?
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Carp
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Mouse
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Grasshopper
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Earthworm
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Crayfish
Correct Answer
A. GrasshopperExplanation
Grasshoppers have a respiratory system that does not require a circulatory system because they have a network of tubes called tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to their cells. These tracheae are connected to tiny openings on the grasshopper's body called spiracles, which allow air to enter and exit. Therefore, grasshoppers can obtain oxygen directly from the air without the need for a circulatory system to transport oxygen throughout their bodies.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following organisms has a repiratory system that does not require a circulatory system?
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Carp
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Mouse
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Grasshopper
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Earthworm
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Crayfish
Correct Answer
A. GrasshopperExplanation
Grasshoppers have a respiratory system that does not require a circulatory system because they have tiny tubes called tracheae that carry oxygen directly to their cells. These tracheae are connected to small openings called spiracles on the grasshopper's body, allowing air to enter and exit. This direct delivery of oxygen eliminates the need for a circulatory system to transport oxygen throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to
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Regulate fluid excretion from the body
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Extract oxygen from the water
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Detect toxic materials in the water
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Extract carbon dioxide from the water
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Transport blood throughout the fish's body
Correct Answer
A. Extract oxygen from the waterExplanation
The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to extract oxygen from the water. This is because the gills are specialized structures that have a large surface area and are rich in blood vessels. As water flows over the gills, oxygen diffuses from the water into the blood vessels, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels into the water. This efficient exchange of gases allows the fish to extract oxygen from the water and remove carbon dioxide, enabling it to breathe underwater.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to
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Regulate fluid excretion from the body
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Extract oxygen from the water
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Detect toxic materials in the water
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Extract carbon dioxide from the water
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Transport blood throughout the fish's body
Correct Answer
A. Extract oxygen from the waterExplanation
The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to extract oxygen from the water. This is because the gills are highly specialized structures that are responsible for the exchange of gases, allowing the fish to extract oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide. The organization of blood vessels within the gills ensures that there is a high surface area available for gas exchange, maximizing the fish's ability to extract oxygen efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following statements about fish gills is true?
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Because of the efficiency, they only need a small surface area
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They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface
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They have a poor blood supply
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Like lungs, they have an exhale/inhale function
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They aid in reproduction
Correct Answer
A. They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surfaceExplanation
Fish gills have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface. This is because gills are specialized organs designed for efficient gas exchange in water. The large surface area allows for a greater amount of oxygen to be extracted from the water and for carbon dioxide to be released. This is crucial for the fish's respiration and survival in their aquatic environment.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following statements about fish gills is true?
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Because of the efficiency, they only need a small surface area
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They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface
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They have a poor blood supply
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Like lungs, they have an exhale/inhale function
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They aid in reproduction
Correct Answer
A. They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surfaceExplanation
Fish gills have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface. This is because gills are made up of thin filaments that are densely packed with tiny structures called lamellae. These lamellae increase the surface area available for gas exchange, allowing fish to extract oxygen from water efficiently. The large surface area of gills maximizes the contact between the water and the blood vessels, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The chief advantage of gas exchange in water is that
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Less energy is required to ventilate gills as compared to lungs
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Carbon dioxide is easier to eliminate in water than in air
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No energy is used to keep the exchange surface wet
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Water can contain more oxygen than air
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Contact between the respiratory surface and the gas-containing medium is more effiecient in water than in air
Correct Answer
A. No energy is used to keep the exchange surface wet -
- 22.
The chief advantage of gas exchange in water is that
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Less energy is required to ventilate gills as compared to lungs
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Carbon dioxide is easier to eliminate in water than in air
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No energy is used to keep the exchange surface wet
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Water can contain more oxygen than air
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Contact between the respiratory surface and the gas-containing medium is more effiecient in water than in air
Correct Answer
A. No energy is used to keep the exchange surface wetExplanation
In water, the exchange surface remains naturally wet, eliminating the need for any additional energy to keep it moist. This is advantageous because in air, the respiratory surface needs to be constantly moistened to prevent drying out and to ensure efficient gas exchange. Therefore, the absence of energy expenditure for keeping the exchange surface wet is a chief advantage of gas exchange in water.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Gills are unsuitable for animals living on land because
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Gills require high blood pressure
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The large surface area of gills would allow dehydration on the animal
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Air cannot diffuse across the gill surface
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There is no way to get air into the gills
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Gills do not function well in animals that have a diaphragm
Correct Answer
A. The large surface area of gills would allow dehydration on the animalExplanation
The large surface area of gills would allow dehydration on the animal. Gills are specialized respiratory organs that are adapted for extracting oxygen from water. They have a thin and delicate structure that is highly efficient in extracting oxygen from water. However, this large surface area also makes them prone to dehydration if exposed to air. Unlike lungs, which are designed to extract oxygen from the air and retain moisture, gills are not equipped to prevent water loss. Therefore, gills are unsuitable for animals living on land as they would quickly dehydrate in the dry air environment.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills,
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Water flow over the gills reverse direction with every inhalation
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Blood and water flow in opposite directions
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Blood and water flow in the same direction
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Blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat
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Blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier
Correct Answer
A. Blood and water flow in opposite directionsExplanation
In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills, blood and water flow in opposite directions. This means that as water flows over the gills, it moves in the opposite direction to the flow of blood. This arrangement allows for efficient oxygen uptake from the water. The countercurrent exchange system ensures that the concentration gradient of oxygen is maintained along the entire length of the gill filaments, maximizing the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream. This efficient exchange of gases is essential for the fish to extract oxygen from the water and remove carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following statements regarding breathing and circulation is false?
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Air-breathing animals lose water by evaporation
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The circulatory system of insects is not involved in transporting oxygen
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The tracheal system of insects consists of a series of branching air tubes that extend from the surface to deep inside th body
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A terrestial animal spends much more energy than an aquatic animal ventilating its respiratory surface
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Insects lose very little water by using a tracheal system to breathe
Correct Answer
A. A terrestial animal spends much more energy than an aquatic animal ventilating its respiratory surfaceExplanation
This statement is false because terrestrial animals actually spend less energy than aquatic animals in ventilating their respiratory surfaces. Aquatic animals need to constantly move and swim in order to maintain a flow of water over their gills, which requires more energy compared to terrestrial animals who can rely on passive diffusion of air into their respiratory surfaces.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following statements regarding breathing and circulation is false?
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Air-breathing animals lose water by evaporation
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The circulatory system of insects is not involved in transporting oxygen
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The tracheal system of insects consists of a series of branching air tubes that extend from the surface to deep inside th body
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A terrestial animal spends much more energy than an aquatic animal ventilating its respiratory surface
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Insects lose very little water by using a tracheal system to breathe
Correct Answer
A. A terrestial animal spends much more energy than an aquatic animal ventilating its respiratory surfaceExplanation
This statement is false because terrestrial animals actually spend less energy ventilating their respiratory surface compared to aquatic animals. Terrestrial animals have more efficient respiratory systems that allow them to extract more oxygen from the air, while aquatic animals have to work harder to extract oxygen from water, which is less oxygen-rich. Therefore, terrestrial animals spend less energy ventilating their respiratory surface.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following statements is false?
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Vocal cords in our bronchi allow us to speak
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Most amphibians use lungs and skin for gas exchange
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Gas exchange in the human lungs occurs in the alveoli
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It is easier to use the O2 in the air than in water becasue air is easier to move
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Unlike the tracheal system of insects, vertebrate lungs are restricted to one location in the body
Correct Answer
A. Vocal cords in our bronchi allow us to speakExplanation
The statement "vocal cords in our bronchi allow us to speak" is false. Vocal cords are located in the larynx, not in the bronchi. The bronchi are part of the respiratory system and are responsible for carrying air to and from the lungs. The vocal cords, on the other hand, are located in the larynx and play a crucial role in producing sound and allowing us to speak.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Evolutionary movement of aquatic animals to land involved an intermediate individual that
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Could fly
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Had ribs to protect the heart and lungs
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Evolved a tracheal system of branching internal tubes
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Had both gills and lungs
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Is called a "podafish"
Correct Answer
A. Had both gills and lungsExplanation
The evolutionary movement of aquatic animals to land required an intermediate individual that had both gills and lungs. This adaptation allowed the organism to extract oxygen from both water and air, enabling it to survive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The development of lungs allowed for efficient respiration on land, while the retention of gills provided a backup system for extracting oxygen from water. This dual respiratory system was crucial for the successful transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following animals requires the largest and most complex lungs proportional to its ovrall body size?
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Turtle
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Newt
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Bear
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Snake
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Frog
Correct Answer
A. BearExplanation
The bear requires the largest and most complex lungs proportional to its overall body size. Bears are large mammals that require a significant amount of oxygen to support their size and energy needs. Their lungs have to be efficient in order to supply oxygen to their body and remove carbon dioxide. Additionally, bears are active animals that engage in activities like hunting and foraging, which require a lot of energy and oxygen. Therefore, their lungs have evolved to be larger and more complex compared to other animals listed in the options.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following animals requires the largest and most complex lungs proportional to its ovrall body size?
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Turtle
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Newt
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Bear
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Snake
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Frog
Correct Answer
A. BearExplanation
Bears require the largest and most complex lungs proportional to their overall body size. This is because bears are large mammals that need a significant amount of oxygen to support their high energy levels and physical activities. Their lungs have evolved to be larger and more efficient in order to meet their respiratory demands. Additionally, bears have a high metabolic rate, which further necessitates a well-developed respiratory system.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?
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Alveloi, brochi,bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
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Alveloi, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea,laryn, pharynx
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Alveloi, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx
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Alveoli, trachea, brochioles, brochi, pahrynx, larynx
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Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
Correct Answer
A. Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynxExplanation
As carbon dioxide leaves the body, it first travels from the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs) to the bronchioles (smaller airways), then to the bronchi (larger airways), and further to the trachea (windpipe). From the trachea, it moves to the larynx (voice box) and finally to the pharynx (throat). Therefore, the correct option is "alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx."Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavities in humans?
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Warming inhaled air
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Determing o2 content in inhaled air
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Secreating excess carbon dioxide into exhaled air
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Secreting enzymes for digestion
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Providing a tract for nerve distribution
Correct Answer
A. Warming inhaled airExplanation
The nasal cavities in humans have a function of warming inhaled air. When air enters the nasal cavities, it passes over the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, which helps to warm the air before it reaches the lungs. This is important because cold air can be harsh on the delicate lung tissue, so by warming the air, the nasal cavities help to protect the respiratory system. Additionally, the nasal cavities also help to moisturize and filter the air, further preparing it for the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is the name given tot he sheet of muscle that hleps move air in and out of the lungs?
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Larynx
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Diaphragm
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Alveolus
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Bronchus
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Trachea
Correct Answer
A. DiaphragmExplanation
The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that plays a crucial role in the process of breathing. It contracts and relaxes to create changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity, which allows air to be drawn into the lungs during inhalation and expelled during exhalation. This muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is essential for the efficient movement of air in and out of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs acorss
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Diaphragms
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Alveoli
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Bronchioles
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Bronchi
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Tracheae
Correct Answer
A. AlveoliExplanation
Gas exchange occurs across the alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles. They have thin walls and a large surface area, allowing for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. The diaphragms, bronchioles, bronchi, and tracheae are all structures within the respiratory system, but gas exchange specifically occurs in the alveoli.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The ______ is a passageway shared by both food and air.
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Larynx
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Pharynx
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Trachea
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Alvelous
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Nasal cavity
Correct Answer
A. PharynxExplanation
The pharynx is a passageway shared by both food and air. It is located behind the nasal cavity, mouth, and larynx. When we swallow, food passes through the pharynx on its way to the esophagus, while air passes through it on its way to the trachea. The pharynx plays a crucial role in both the respiratory and digestive systems, allowing for the movement of air and food.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Ciagrette smoke can affect macrophages that reside in our lungs for the purpose of
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Engulfing particles and microorganisms
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Maintaining the appropirate pH and mositure content within the lungs
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Productin antibodies
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Preventing emphysema
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Enhancing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Correct Answer
A. Engulfing particles and microorganismsExplanation
Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals and toxins that can impair the function of macrophages in our lungs. Macrophages are responsible for engulfing and removing particles and microorganisms that enter the lungs. When exposed to cigarette smoke, macrophages may become less efficient in performing their role, leading to a decreased ability to clear foreign substances from the lungs. This can result in an increased risk of respiratory infections and other lung diseases.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Why do ciagrette smokes cough more than non smokers?
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Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs
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Ciagrette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs
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By raising the pressure inthe lungs, coughing fores more oxgygen into the blood
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The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveloi stick together, and coughing separates them
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Ciagrette smoking partially paralyzed the muscles in the lungs, resulting in an increased residual volume, and coughping exhanges this "dead air"
Correct Answer
A. Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungsExplanation
The correct answer is that cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs, and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs. Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that can damage the cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures in the airways responsible for sweeping mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs. When the cilia are damaged, they are less effective in clearing the lungs, leading to an accumulation of mucus and debris. Coughing becomes necessary to expel these substances and maintain lung health.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale is called the
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Vital capacity
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Maximum capacity
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Tidal volume
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Inhalation capacity
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Physiological volume
Correct Answer
A. Vital capacityExplanation
Vital capacity refers to the maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale. It is the total volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume, on the other hand, refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing. Maximum capacity, inhalation capacity, and physiological volume are not the correct terms used to describe the maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Why do ciagrette smokes cough more than non smokers?
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Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs
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Ciagrette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs
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By raising the pressure inthe lungs, coughing fores more oxgygen into the blood
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The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveloi stick together, and coughing separates them
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Ciagrette smoking partially paralyzed the muscles in the lungs, resulting in an increased residual volume, and coughping exhanges this "dead air"
Correct Answer
A. Ciagrette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungsExplanation
Cigarette smoke contains harmful substances that damage the cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures in the lungs responsible for moving debris out. When the cilia are harmed, their ability to effectively clean the lungs is compromised. As a result, coughing becomes the remaining way for the body to try and expel the debris and irritants from the lungs. Therefore, cigarette smokers tend to cough more as their damaged cilia cannot perform their normal function of keeping the lungs clean.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Inhalation in humans is achieved by
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Contraction of the diaphragm
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Contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles
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Relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles
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Contraction of muscles in the lungs
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Relaxation of the diaphram
Correct Answer
A. Contraction of the diaphragm and chest musclesExplanation
Inhalation in humans is achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs, and when it contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This expansion of the chest cavity lowers the pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in. Additionally, the chest muscles, such as the intercostal muscles between the ribs, also contract to further expand the chest and aid in inhalation. Together, the contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles allows for the intake of air during inhalation.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale is called the
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Vital capacity
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Maximum capacity
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Tidal volume
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Inhalation capacity
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Physiological volume
Correct Answer
A. Vital capacityExplanation
Vital capacity refers to the maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale. It is a measure of the lung's ability to expand and contract, indicating the overall respiratory function. Tidal volume, on the other hand, refers to the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath. Maximum capacity and inhalation capacity are not widely recognized terms in respiratory physiology. Physiological volume is a vague term that does not specifically refer to the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.Rate this question:
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- 42.
When you are breathing normally, exhalation results mainly from
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The contraction of muscles in the chest
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The contaction of the diaphragm
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Low pressure in the lungs
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The relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm
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The contraction of muscles in the lungs
Correct Answer
A. The relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragmExplanation
During normal breathing, exhalation occurs primarily due to the relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the chest muscles expand, creating more space in the chest cavity. This expansion lowers the pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in. During exhalation, the diaphragm and chest muscles relax, returning to their original positions. This reduces the space in the chest cavity, increasing the pressure inside the lungs, and causing air to be expelled. Therefore, the relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm is responsible for exhalation during normal breathing.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The function of passageways for gas exchange in birds is to
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Store air for times of physical excretion
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Adjust the temperatuve of air
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Lighten the bird
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Clean the air
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Permit one-way ventilation of the lungs
Correct Answer
A. Permit one-way ventilation of the lungsExplanation
Passageways for gas exchange in birds permit one-way ventilation of the lungs. This means that air flows in a single direction through the respiratory system, ensuring efficient gas exchange. This mechanism allows birds to continuously take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide, enabling them to sustain high levels of energy during flight. The one-way ventilation system also prevents the mixing of fresh and stale air, optimizing the efficiency of gas exchange in birds.Rate this question:
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- 44.
When you are breathing normally, exhalation results mainly from
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The contraction of muscles in the chest
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The contaction of the diaphragm
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Low pressure in the lungs
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The relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm
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The contraction of muscles in the lungs
Correct Answer
A. The relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragmExplanation
During exhalation, the chest muscles and diaphragm relax. This relaxation decreases the volume of the chest cavity, causing an increase in pressure within the lungs. As a result, air is forced out of the lungs and exhaled. The contraction of muscles in the chest, diaphragm, or lungs does not play a significant role in exhalation.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Air leaving human lungs during exhalation contains
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No carbon dioxide
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No oxygen
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Mostly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
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One-half oxygen and one- half carbon dioxide
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Carbon dioxide and unused oxygen
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxide and unused oxygenExplanation
During exhalation, the air leaving human lungs contains carbon dioxide and unused oxygen. When we breathe in, our lungs take in oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it to our bloodstream. However, not all of the oxygen is used by our body's cells. During exhalation, the air leaving our lungs also carries carbon dioxide, which is a waste product produced by our cells. Therefore, the air leaving our lungs during exhalation contains both carbon dioxide and the remaining unused oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 46.
What part of the human brain is the premary breathing control center?
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Cerebellum
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Neocortex
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Thalamus
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Hippocampus
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Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer
A. Medulla oblongataExplanation
The medulla oblongata is the part of the human brain that serves as the primary breathing control center. It is responsible for regulating and controlling the automatic processes of breathing, such as the rate and depth of breaths. The medulla oblongata receives signals from chemoreceptors that detect changes in the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, and it adjusts the breathing accordingly to maintain homeostasis. This region of the brain also controls other vital functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Medullary breathing centeres directly sense and response to
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Blood O2 concentration
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Alveolar CO2 concentration
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Blood pH and O2 concentration
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Blood pH and CO2 Concentration
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Alveolar O2 concentration
Correct Answer
A. Blood O2 concentrationExplanation
The medullary breathing centers in the brainstem are responsible for regulating breathing. They directly sense and respond to the concentration of oxygen in the blood. When the blood oxygen levels are low, the medullary breathing centers increase the respiratory rate and depth to facilitate the intake of more oxygen. Conversely, when the blood oxygen levels are high, the medullary breathing centers decrease the respiratory rate and depth to maintain a balance. This mechanism ensures that the body receives enough oxygen for its metabolic needs.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What part of the human brain is the premary breathing control center?
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Cerebellum
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Neocortex
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Thalamus
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Hippocampus
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Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer
A. Medulla oblongataExplanation
The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is the primary breathing control center in the human brain. Located in the brainstem, it regulates and controls the automatic processes of breathing, including the rate and depth of breaths. It receives information from sensors in the body that monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, and adjusts the breathing accordingly to maintain homeostasis. Damage to the medulla oblongata can lead to respiratory problems and difficulties in breathing.Rate this question:
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- 49.
In a mammal, blood leaving the lungs goes to the
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Heart
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Limbs
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Liver
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Kidneys
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Brain
Correct Answer
A. HeartExplanation
In mammals, blood leaving the lungs is oxygenated and needs to be distributed to the rest of the body. The heart is responsible for pumping the oxygenated blood to all the organs and tissues, including the limbs, liver, kidneys, and brain. Therefore, the correct answer is the heart.Rate this question:
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Feb 19, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Dec 02, 2009Quiz Created by
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