Biology Domain 2 Mechanisms Of Genetics

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 90

Questions: 10 | Attempts: 90 | Updated: Nov 21, 2023

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Biology Domain 2 Mechanisms Of Genetics - Quiz

This STAAR EOC Prep quiz will demonstrate mastery of the mechanisms of genetics.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following component of DNA is described properly?
- A.
  
  A nitrogen base creates the backbone of the double helix
- B.
  
  Uracil gives the mRNA its energy
- C.
  
  A 5 carbon sugar is the central component of the nucleotide
- D.
  
  Phosphate group which gives the DNA its positive charge
Correct Answer
C. A 5 carbon sugar is the central component of the nucleotide

Explanation
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter14/dna_structure.html Only the sugar is described properly.which can be noticed in the video located at this website.

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2.

The components that make up the genetic code are common to
- A.
  
  Archaea
- B.
  
  Eukaryota
- C.
  
  Prokaryota
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
The components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms.

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3.

The image shown represents which stage of protein synthesis?
- A.
  
  Replication of DNA
- B.
  
  Translation of mRNA
- C.
  
  Replication of tRNA
- D.
  
  Transcription of mRNA
Correct Answer
B. Translation of mRNA

Explanation
A single strand moving through a ribosome is indicative of translation. The strand is the mRNA that has moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm . Proteins are being produced as a result.

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4.

When a DNA molecule replicates, hydrogen bonds between base pairs break to unzip the molecule. The breaking of hydrogen bonds is an example of
- A.
  
  A change of state
- B.
  
  A physical change
- C.
  
  A nuclear change
- D.
  
  A chemical change
Correct Answer
D. A chemical change

Explanation
A change of state is an example of a physical change, so both of these answers could not be correct. A nuclear change would involve subatomic changes, not hydrogen atoms. When an element is moved from one molecule to another, this is means that a new product is created. This is a chemical change.

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5.

Gene expression
- A.
  
  Is a regulated process
- B.
  
  Most often produces lipids
- C.
  
  Involves sixteen steps
- D.
  
  Has nothing to do with traits
Correct Answer
A. Is a regulated process

Explanation
http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Gene-Expression.aspx

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6.

What should the caption for this set of images be?
- A.
  
  Cancers
- B.
  
  Translocations
- C.
  
  Polyploidy
- D.
  
  Frameshift mutations
Correct Answer
C. Polyploidy

Explanation
The condition that results from a mutation that provides an organism with one or more extra sets of chromosomes is called polyploidy.

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7.

Jamie has free earlobes, which are a recessive trait in humans. Her parents both have attached earlobes. What conclusion can be drawn from this information?
- A.
  
  Jamie's parents are both homozygous for the dominant trait.
- B.
  
  Jamie's parents are both homozygous for the recessive trait.
- C.
  
  Jamie's parents are both heterozygous.
- D.
  
  Jamie's grandparents all have free earlobes.
Correct Answer
C. Jamie's parents are both heterozygous.

Explanation
Jamie could only have the recessive phenotype if she had a recessive trait passed from both of her parents. Since both parents have the dominant phenotype of attached earlobes, they could only pass on a recessive trait if they were both hybrids (heterozygous genotype). So the first two statements indicating homozygous gentoype could not be true. If the grandparents had all had free earlobes, they would have been homozygous recessive which would mean that the parents could not have been hybrids (heterozygous). So the last answer could not be true..

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8.

The outcomes of the Punnett square shown would be BEST described as:
- A.
  
  75% Round, 25% Wrinkled, 75% Yellow, 25% Green Phenotypes
- B.
  
  50% homozygous dominant, 25% heterozygous recessive Genotypes
- C.
  
  12:16:12:16
- D.
  
  RRYY X rrYy X Rryy X rRYY X rryy
Correct Answer
A. 75% Round, 25% Wrinkled, 75% Yellow, 25% Green Phenotypes

Explanation
When percentages are followed by a description of the phenotype demonstrated, this is almost as descriptive as showing all of the genotypes. The second option does not total 100% of the possible outcomes and does not represent the numbers shown in the chart. The third answer tells the number of outrcomes, but does not describe which number represents which phenotype or genotype. The final option indicates a cross with the "x" and this is not used for outcomes. The "x" indicates parental roles.

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9.

The specialized cells that result from meiosis
- A.
  
  Are not gametes but are the result of asexual reproduction
- B.
  
  Have one-half of the number of chromosomes as other body cells
- C.
  
  Contain genetic information that determine the traits of the two organisms that produced them.
- D.
  
  Cannot be modified by current human technology
Correct Answer
B. Have one-half of the number of chromosomes as other body cells

Explanation
The gametes that result are called haploid or having half of the original chromosomes. So the female cell (egg) contains 23 chromosomes and the male cell (sperm) contains 23 chromosomes, whereas the cells of the human body contain 46 chromosomes.

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10.

What should the caption for this picture be?
- A.
  
  Meiosis charting
- B.
  
  Rainbow grapevine genetic pairing
- C.
  
  DNA fingerprinting
- D.
  
  Spectral chromosomal analysis of the human genome
Correct Answer
D. Spectral chromosomal analysis of the human genome

Explanation
The term "specral" refers to the coloration to pair up chromosomes. Chromosomal analysis is used to study the genomes of organisms.

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