Biology Domain 2 Mechanisms of Genetics

1. The components that make up the genetic code are common to

Archaea

Eukaryota

Prokaryota

All of the above

The components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms.

Explanation

The components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms.

2. Gene expression

Is a regulated process

Most often produces lipids

Involves sixteen steps

Has nothing to do with traits

http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Gene-Expression.aspx

Explanation

http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Gene-Expression.aspx

3.

What should the caption for this picture be?

Meiosis charting

Rainbow grapevine genetic pairing

DNA fingerprinting

Spectral chromosomal analysis of the human genome

The term "specral" refers to the coloration to pair up chromosomes. Chromosomal analysis is used to study the genomes of organisms.

Explanation

The term "specral" refers to the coloration to pair up chromosomes. Chromosomal analysis is used to study the genomes of organisms.

4. The image shown represents which stage of protein synthesis?

Replication of DNA

Translation of mRNA

Replication of tRNA

Transcription of mRNA

A single strand moving through a ribosome is indicative of translation. The strand is the mRNA that has moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm . Proteins are being produced as a result.

Explanation

A single strand moving through a ribosome is indicative of translation. The strand is the mRNA that has moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm . Proteins are being produced as a result.

5. When a DNA molecule replicates, hydrogen bonds between base pairs break to unzip the molecule. The breaking of hydrogen bonds is an example of

A change of state

A physical change

A nuclear change

A chemical change

A change of state is an example of a physical change, so both of these answers could not be correct. A nuclear change would involve subatomic changes, not hydrogen atoms. When an element is moved from one molecule to another, this is means that a new product is created. This is a chemical change.

Explanation

A change of state is an example of a physical change, so both of these answers could not be correct. A nuclear change would involve subatomic changes, not hydrogen atoms. When an element is moved from one molecule to another, this is means that a new product is created. This is a chemical change.

6.

What should the caption for this set of images be?

Cancers

Translocations

Polyploidy

Frameshift mutations

The condition that results from a mutation that provides an organism with one or more extra sets of chromosomes is called polyploidy.

Explanation

The condition that results from a mutation that provides an organism with one or more extra sets of chromosomes is called polyploidy.

7. Which of the following component of DNA is described properly?

A nitrogen base creates the backbone of the double helix

Uracil gives the mRNA its energy

A 5 carbon sugar is the central component of the nucleotide

Phosphate group which gives the DNA its positive charge

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter14/dna_structure.html Only the sugar is described properly.which can be noticed in the video located at this website.

Explanation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter14/dna_structure.html Only the sugar is described properly.which can be noticed in the video located at this website.

8. Jamie has free earlobes, which are a recessive trait in humans. Her parents both have attached earlobes. What conclusion can be drawn from this information?

Jamie's parents are both homozygous for the dominant trait.

Jamie's parents are both homozygous for the recessive trait.

Jamie's parents are both heterozygous.

Jamie's grandparents all have free earlobes.

Jamie could only have the recessive phenotype if she had a recessive trait passed from both of her parents. Since both parents have the dominant phenotype of attached earlobes, they could only pass on a recessive trait if they were both hybrids (heterozygous genotype). So the first two statements indicating homozygous gentoype could not be true. If the grandparents had all had free earlobes, they would have been homozygous recessive which would mean that the parents could not have been hybrids (heterozygous). So the last answer could not be true..

Explanation

Jamie could only have the recessive phenotype if she had a recessive trait passed from both of her parents. Since both parents have the dominant phenotype of attached earlobes, they could only pass on a recessive trait if they were both hybrids (heterozygous genotype). So the first two statements indicating homozygous gentoype could not be true. If the grandparents had all had free earlobes, they would have been homozygous recessive which would mean that the parents could not have been hybrids (heterozygous). So the last answer could not be true..

9. The specialized cells that result from meiosis

Are not gametes but are the result of asexual reproduction

Have one-half of the number of chromosomes as other body cells

Contain genetic information that determine the traits of the two organisms that produced them.

Cannot be modified by current human technology

The gametes that result are called haploid or having half of the original chromosomes. So the female cell (egg) contains 23 chromosomes and the male cell (sperm) contains 23 chromosomes, whereas the cells of the human body contain 46 chromosomes.

Explanation

The gametes that result are called haploid or having half of the original chromosomes. So the female cell (egg) contains 23 chromosomes and the male cell (sperm) contains 23 chromosomes, whereas the cells of the human body contain 46 chromosomes.

10.

The outcomes of the Punnett square shown would be BEST described as:

75% Round, 25% Wrinkled, 75% Yellow, 25% Green Phenotypes

50% homozygous dominant, 25% heterozygous recessive Genotypes

12:16:12:16

RRYY X rrYy X Rryy X rRYY X rryy

When percentages are followed by a description of the phenotype demonstrated, this is almost as descriptive as showing all of the genotypes. The second option does not total 100% of the possible outcomes and does not represent the numbers shown in the chart. The third answer tells the number of outrcomes, but does not describe which number represents which phenotype or genotype. The final option indicates a cross with the "x" and this is not used for outcomes. The "x" indicates parental roles.

Explanation

When percentages are followed by a description of the phenotype demonstrated, this is almost as descriptive as showing all of the genotypes. The second option does not total 100% of the possible outcomes and does not represent the numbers shown in the chart. The third answer tells the number of outrcomes, but does not describe which number represents which phenotype or genotype. The final option indicates a cross with the "x" and this is not used for outcomes. The "x" indicates parental roles.

Biology Domain 2 Mechanisms Of Genetics