Biology - Chapter 5 Test
Questions and Answers
- 1.
An example of a species characteristic in humans would be
- A.
Blue eyes
- B.
Blond hair
- C.
Freckles
- D.
Thumbs
Correct Answer
D. ThumbsExplanation
Thumbs can be considered a species characteristic in humans because they are a unique feature that distinguishes humans from other species. Thumbs are opposable, allowing humans to grasp and manipulate objects with precision, which has played a significant role in the development of human civilization and technology. While traits like eye color, hair color, and freckles vary among individuals, thumbs are a consistent characteristic found in all humans.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are inherited and are called
- A.
Human characteristics
- B.
Racial characteristics
- C.
Individual characteristics
- D.
Species characteristics
Correct Answer
C. Individual characteristicsExplanation
Individual characteristics refer to the unique traits and attributes that vary from person to person. Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are examples of individual characteristics because they differ among individuals and are not universally shared by all members of a particular race, species, or group. These characteristics are inherited through genetic factors and contribute to the distinctiveness and diversity of individuals within a population.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Section of a chromosome that code for a trait are called
- A.
Chromatids
- B.
Genes
- C.
Traits
- D.
Centromeres
Correct Answer
B. GenesExplanation
Genes are sections of a chromosome that contain the instructions for producing a specific trait. They are responsible for the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. Chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are formed during DNA replication. Traits refer to specific characteristics or features of an organism. Centromeres are the specialized regions of a chromosome that hold the sister chromatids together. Therefore, the correct answer is genes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Asexual reproduction takes place in all the following except
- A.
Budding
- B.
Euploidy
- C.
Fragmentation
- D.
Spores
Correct Answer
B. EuploidyExplanation
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes. It includes various methods such as budding, fragmentation, and spores. Euploidy, on the other hand, refers to a condition where an organism has the normal number of chromosomes in its cells. It is not a method of asexual reproduction, but rather a genetic condition. Therefore, euploidy is not an example of asexual reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The human diploid chromosome number is
- A.
2
- B.
23
- C.
24
- D.
46
Correct Answer
D. 46Explanation
The human diploid chromosome number is 46. This means that in each cell of the human body, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, with a total of 46 chromosomes. Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father. These chromosomes contain the genetic information that determines various traits and characteristics of an individual.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is
- A.
Incomplete dominance
- B.
Segregation
- C.
Crossing over
- D.
Oogenesis
Correct Answer
C. Crossing overExplanation
During meiosis, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is known as crossing over. This process involves the swapping of genetic information between the maternal and paternal chromosomes, resulting in genetic recombination. Crossing over increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in evolution as it introduces genetic variation within a population. Therefore, the correct answer is crossing over.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of these is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
- A.
The number of consecutive cell divisions
- B.
The presence or absence of spindles
- C.
The attachment between DNA duplicates
- D.
The coiling of the chromosomes
Correct Answer
A. The number of consecutive cell divisionsExplanation
Mitosis involves one cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis involves two consecutive cell divisions, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes. Therefore, the difference between mitosis and meiosis is the number of consecutive cell divisions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When two haploid gametes unite, they form a diploid cell called a/an
- A.
Ovum
- B.
Isogamete
- C.
Sperm
- D.
Zygote
Correct Answer
D. ZygoteExplanation
When two haploid gametes, which are reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes, unite, they form a diploid cell called a zygote. The zygote contains a complete set of chromosomes, with one set from each parent. This fusion of gametes is known as fertilization, and it marks the beginning of the development of a new individual. The zygote will undergo cell division and differentiation to eventually develop into a fully formed organism.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The principle of genetics involved when one gene in a pair masks or prevents the expression of the other is called the principle of
- A.
Dominance and recessiveness
- B.
Segregation
- C.
Independent assortment
- D.
Unit characteristics
Correct Answer
A. Dominance and recessivenessExplanation
The principle of dominance and recessiveness in genetics refers to the phenomenon where one gene in a pair, known as an allele, masks or suppresses the expression of the other allele. This means that only the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype, while the recessive allele remains hidden. This principle helps explain how certain traits are inherited and passed on from parents to offspring.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Possessing a pair of different alleles for one trait is the
- A.
Monohybrid condition
- B.
Dihybrid condition
- C.
Homozygous condition
- D.
Heterozygous condition
Correct Answer
D. Heterozygous conditionExplanation
The correct answer is heterozygous condition. Heterozygous condition refers to having two different alleles for a specific trait. In genetics, alleles are alternative forms of a gene that determine the expression of a particular trait. When an individual possesses two different alleles for a trait, they are said to be heterozygous for that trait. This condition can result in a variety of phenotypes depending on the dominance or recessiveness of the alleles.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is a
- A.
Karotype
- B.
Pedigree
- C.
Punnett Square
- D.
Venn Diagram
Correct Answer
B. PedigreeExplanation
A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is called a pedigree. Pedigrees are used to track the inheritance patterns of genetic traits within a family and can help determine if a trait is dominant, recessive, or sex-linked. They are commonly used in genetics research and can provide valuable information about the occurrence and transmission of genetic disorders within a family.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A test cross involves mating an organism that has an unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with
- A.
An incompletely dominant organism
- B.
A homozygous dominant organism
- C.
A homozygous recessive organism
- D.
A heterozygous recessive organism
Correct Answer
C. A homozygous recessive organismExplanation
A test cross involves mating an organism that has an unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive organism. This is because the homozygous recessive organism will only contribute recessive alleles to the offspring, allowing the determination of the unknown genotype. If the offspring display the dominant phenotype, it means that the unknown organism is heterozygous. If the offspring display the recessive phenotype, it means that the unknown organism is homozygous dominant.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A condition in which both alleles of a heterozygous condition is expressed is
- A.
Crossing over
- B.
Incomplete dominance
- C.
Codominance
- D.
Sex-linked trait
Correct Answer
B. Incomplete dominanceExplanation
In incomplete dominance, both alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed, resulting in a blending or intermediate phenotype. This means that neither allele is dominant or recessive over the other, and the traits from both alleles are visible in the phenotype. This is different from codominance, where both alleles are fully expressed without blending, and from sex-linked traits, which are determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes. Crossing over refers to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, and is not related to the expression of alleles in a heterozygous condition.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In the case of a sex-linked trait, which of the following could not happen?
- A.
A mother passes the gene on to her son
- B.
A mother passes the gene on to her daughter
- C.
A father passes the gene on to his son
- D.
A father passes the gene on to his daughter
Correct Answer
C. A father passes the gene on to his sonExplanation
In the case of a sex-linked trait, a father passing the gene on to his son is not possible. This is because sex-linked traits are usually carried on the X chromosome, and a father can only pass on his Y chromosome to his son. Therefore, the son can only inherit the sex-linked trait from his mother.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A carrier of a sex-linked trait has the gene and exhibits the physical characteristics of the trait.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because carriers of sex-linked traits do not exhibit the physical characteristics of the trait. Carriers are individuals who possess the gene for a particular trait but do not show any symptoms or physical manifestations of that trait. They can pass on the gene to their offspring, who may then exhibit the physical characteristics of the trait.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In codominance, the individual expresses both alleles with no blending of traits.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In codominance, both alleles are expressed fully and equally in the individual, without any blending of traits. This means that both alleles are visible and have their own distinct phenotypic effects. There is no dominance or recessiveness between the alleles, and they are expressed simultaneously. Therefore, the statement that in codominance, the individual expresses both alleles with no blending of traits is true.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A gene is a section of DNA that can produce a particular polypeptide chain of amino acids and thereby cause a trait.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because genes are indeed sections of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins. These proteins are made up of polypeptide chains, which are sequences of amino acids. The production of specific proteins through gene expression can lead to the development of certain traits or characteristics in an organism. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the relationship between genes, DNA, polypeptide chains, and traits.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A histone is a protein that helps protect and maintain the shape of a chromosome.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Histones are indeed proteins that play a crucial role in protecting and maintaining the structure of chromosomes. They act as spools around which DNA is tightly wound, forming a complex called chromatin. This packaging of DNA by histones helps to regulate gene expression and ensure the stability of the genetic material. Therefore, the statement that histones help protect and maintain the shape of a chromosome is true.Rate this question:
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- 19.
For a simple dominant and recessive characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes AA and aa will produce offspring that all have the same genotype.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In a cross between organisms with genotypes AA and aa, the dominant allele (A) from one parent and the recessive allele (a) from the other parent will combine to form the genotype Aa in the offspring. Therefore, the offspring will not all have the same genotype.Rate this question:
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- 20.
For a simple dominant and recessive characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes Bb and Bb will produce offspring that all have the same phenotype.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A simple dominant and recessive characteristic means that one allele (B) is dominant over the other (b). In this case, both organisms have one dominant allele (B) and one recessive allele (b). When they reproduce, there is a 25% chance of producing offspring with the genotype BB (dominant phenotype), a 50% chance of producing offspring with the genotype Bb (dominant phenotype), and a 25% chance of producing offspring with the genotype bb (recessive phenotype). Therefore, not all offspring will have the same phenotype, making the statement false.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Multiple gene interaction occurs when several different sets of genes work together to produce a single trait.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Multiple gene interaction refers to the phenomenon where multiple sets of genes interact with each other to influence the expression of a single trait. This interaction can involve various genes and their combinations, leading to a more complex genetic basis for the trait. Therefore, the given statement is true as it accurately describes the concept of multiple gene interaction.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The scientist who established the first laws and principles of heredity was
Correct Answer
MendelExplanation
Mendel is credited with establishing the first laws and principles of heredity. He conducted extensive experiments with pea plants and observed patterns of inheritance. Through his experiments, Mendel formulated the laws of segregation and independent assortment, which laid the foundation for our understanding of genetics. His discoveries revolutionized the field of biology and paved the way for further advancements in genetics and heredity.Rate this question:
- 23.
The study of heredity is called
Correct Answer
geneticsExplanation
The study of heredity refers to the examination and understanding of how traits and characteristics are passed down from one generation to another. This field of study is known as genetics. In genetics, scientists explore the mechanisms of inheritance, including the role of genes, DNA, and genetic variations in determining the traits and characteristics of organisms. By studying genetics, researchers can gain insights into the inheritance patterns of traits, the causes of genetic diseases, and the potential for genetic modification and manipulation.Rate this question:
- 24.
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes begin to coil in the nucleus?
Correct Answer
prophaseExplanation
During prophase, the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell start to coil. This coiling process condenses the chromosomes, making them more visible under a microscope. As the chromosomes coil, they become shorter and thicker, preparing for the next stages of mitosis. Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers start to form.Rate this question:
- 25.
In which phase of mitosis do the kinetochore fibers pull the sister chromatids apart?
Correct Answer
anaphaseExplanation
During anaphase, the kinetochore fibers, which are attached to the centromeres of the sister chromatids, contract and pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This separation ensures that each daughter cell will receive a complete set of chromosomes.Rate this question:
- 26.
In which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids aligned at the center of the mitotic spindle?
Correct Answer
metaphaseExplanation
During metaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids, which are identical copies of each chromosome, align at the center of the mitotic spindle. This alignment occurs due to the attachment of the spindle fibers to the centromeres of the sister chromatids. The alignment at the center ensures that each daughter cell will receive an equal and complete set of chromosomes during the subsequent separation of sister chromatids in anaphase.Rate this question:
- 27.
In what phase of mitosis does the centrosome divide and migrate to the opposite poles?
Correct Answer
prophaseExplanation
During prophase of mitosis, the centrosome divides into two separate centrosomes. These centrosomes then migrate towards the opposite poles of the cell. This process is crucial for the formation of the mitotic spindle, which is responsible for separating the duplicated chromosomes during cell division. Therefore, prophase is the correct answer as it accurately describes the phase in which the centrosome division and migration occur.Rate this question:
- 28.
What is the first phase of the cell cycle?
Correct Answer
interphaseExplanation
Interphase is the first phase of the cell cycle. It is the longest phase where the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and prepares for division. During interphase, the cell undergoes three sub-phases: G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. In the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins. In the S phase, DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Finally, in the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. Therefore, interphase is the correct answer for the first phase of the cell cycle.Rate this question:
- 29.
What is the second phase of the cell cycle?
Correct Answer
mitosisExplanation
The second phase of the cell cycle is mitosis. Mitosis is a process in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are separated and distributed equally into the daughter cells. This phase is essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms.Rate this question:
- 30.
What is the third phase of the cell cycle?
Correct Answer
cytokinesisExplanation
Cytokinesis is the third and final phase of the cell cycle. It is the process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided into two daughter cells, each containing a complete set of genetic material. During cytokinesis, a contractile ring forms around the cell, causing it to pinch in the middle and eventually separate into two distinct cells. This phase marks the completion of cell division and ensures that the genetic material is evenly distributed between the daughter cells.Rate this question:
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