Biology Chapter 4.5 Test 1 Part 1

The nucleus is responsible for storing the DNA in the cell. It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of chromosomes. The nucleus controls the cell's activities and is essential for the cell's growth, reproduction, and overall functioning. The other options, chloroplast and vacuole, do not store DNA in the cell. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, while vacuoles store water and other substances.

The presence of chloroplasts in cells is a characteristic feature of plants. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts as they obtain energy through other means, such as consuming organic matter. Therefore, the correct answer is plant.

Eukaryotic cells are the only cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus and their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. Algae can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, so it cannot be the correct answer. "Utareyotic" is not a recognized term in biology and does not provide a valid explanation.

Mitochondria is the correct answer because it is the energy supplier for the cell. It is an organelle that contains its own DNA and is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. The mitochondria generate energy by breaking down nutrients and converting them into usable energy for the cell.

The correct answer is vacuole. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that store water, nutrients, and waste products. They play a crucial role in maintaining the turgidity and shape of plant cells, and also help regulate the concentration of ions and other molecules within the cell. Vacuoles can occupy a large portion of the cell's volume and are responsible for storing water, making them essential for plant survival and growth.

Lysosomes are organelles filled with enzymes that break down waste materials in the cell. They are responsible for the digestion of cellular debris, old organelles, and foreign substances that enter the cell. Lysosomes maintain the overall health and cleanliness of the cell by removing waste products and recycling useful components. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, mitochondria produce energy, and the Golgi body is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is lysosome.

The ribosome is responsible for the synthesis of proteins. Proteins are essential molecules that perform various functions in the body, such as acting as enzymes, transporting molecules, and providing structural support. Ribosomes work by reading the genetic instructions in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA) and using this information to assemble amino acids into a specific sequence, forming a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is "make proteins."

Plants have larger vacuoles compared to animals. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in cells that store various substances such as water, nutrients, and waste. In plant cells, the vacuole is typically larger and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell turgidity and storing water. This is important for plants as they need to retain water for survival and maintaining their shape. In contrast, animal cells have smaller vacuoles or none at all, as they do not require the same level of water storage and turgidity as plants.

The Modern Cell Theory states that all cells come from other existing cells. This means that new cells are produced through cell division, where a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process of cell division allows for the growth, development, and repair of tissues and organisms. It also explains how cells are able to pass on genetic information from one generation to the next. The idea that cells can arise from non-living material or nothingness is not supported by the Modern Cell Theory.

The endoplasmic reticulum serves as a "workbench" for the ribosomes. This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. It provides a platform for the ribosomes to attach and synthesize proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum also plays a role in the transportation and modification of proteins before they are sent to their final destination within the cell or outside of it. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it accurately describes the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in relation to ribosomes.

Animal cells do not have a cell wall. While plant cells, all bacterial cells, and fungi have a cell wall, animal cells do not. The cell wall provides structural support and protection for the cell. In plant cells, the cell wall is made of cellulose, while in bacterial cells it is made of peptidoglycan. Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin. Animal cells, on the other hand, have a flexible cell membrane that allows for movement and flexibility.

The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bi-layer. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. In the bi-layer, the hydrophilic heads face outward towards the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a barrier that separates the internal contents of the cell from the external environment. This structure allows the cell membrane to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

The Golgi Body acts as a packaging and processing center in the cell to process proteins. It receives proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and modifies, sorts, and packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destination within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. It plays a crucial role in the post-translational modification of proteins and is involved in the synthesis of certain carbohydrates and lipids. The Golgi Body is composed of a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.

The correct answer is centriole. Centrioles are organelles found in animal cells that play a crucial role in cell division. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centrioles, helping to separate the chromosomes and ensure equal distribution of genetic material to each daughter cell. Centrioles are not found in plant cells, making them specific to animal cells.

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane are responsible for transporting materials in and out of the cell. These proteins, known as transport proteins, create channels or pumps that allow specific molecules or ions to pass through the cell membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining the balance of substances inside and outside the cell and for facilitating the movement of essential nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is "transport materials in and out of the cell."