Biology: Applied Genetics Unit Review
The scientific study of biology encompasses a vast variety of topics regarding life all over the world. But one significant discovery that has been made is the study of genetics, which allows us to analyze the genes, genetic variation, and heredity of an organism to gauge things like how likely they are to suffer from an illness if their mother or father had the same one. What do you know about genetics? Let’s find out.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of these results when one nitrogenous base replaces another in a segment of genetic material?
- A.
An enzymatic substrate
- B.
A mutation
- C.
A feedback loop
- D.
An adaptation
Correct Answer
B. A mutationExplanation
When one nitrogenous base replaces another in a segment of genetic material, it results in a mutation. A mutation refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the structure, function, or regulation of genes. These changes can have various effects, including the development of new traits, genetic disorders, or even no noticeable impact. Mutations are an essential driving force for evolution as they introduce genetic diversity into populations.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Scientists can insert and remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. Which of these identifies this process?
- A.
Base pairing
- B.
Gene splicing
- C.
DNA synthesis
- D.
DNA transcription
Correct Answer
B. Gene splicingExplanation
Gene splicing is the process of inserting or removing nucleotides from a DNA strand. This process allows scientists to manipulate the genetic material and create new combinations of genes. Base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nucleotides in DNA replication, DNA synthesis refers to the process of creating a new DNA strand, and DNA transcription refers to the process of creating an RNA molecule from a DNA template. Therefore, gene splicing is the most appropriate identification for the process of inserting and removing nucleotides from a DNA strand.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A scientist cloned a goat. Which of these is a true statement about the cloned goat?
- A.
It has new genes and traits.
- B.
It lacks the genes for reproduction.
- C.
It has genes that are identical to the original goat.
- D.
It looks the same as the original goat but has different genes.
Correct Answer
C. It has genes that are identical to the original goat.Explanation
The correct answer is that the cloned goat has genes that are identical to the original goat. Cloning involves creating an organism that is genetically identical to another organism. In this case, the scientist has successfully created a goat that has the exact same genes as the original goat. This means that the cloned goat will have the same traits and characteristics as the original goat.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of these is used to "cut" DNA?
- A.
Restriction enzymes
- B.
Gel electrophoresis
- C.
Nucleotides
- D.
Amino acids
Correct Answer
A. Restriction enzymesExplanation
Restriction enzymes are used to "cut" DNA. These enzymes recognize specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at those sites, creating fragments. This process is important in genetic engineering and DNA analysis, as it allows scientists to manipulate and study specific sections of DNA. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, and amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, none of which directly "cut" DNA.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In the laboratory, scientists remove the gene for insulin from human chromosomes. They insert the gene into the DNA of bacteria. This causes the bacteria to produce human insulin. The insulin is used to treat diabetes in humans. This is an example of ________.
- A.
Meiosis
- B.
DNA fingersprinting
- C.
Genetic engineering
- D.
Fertilization
Correct Answer
C. Genetic engineeringExplanation
This scenario describes the process of genetic engineering, where scientists manipulate the DNA of organisms to produce desired traits or substances. In this case, they remove the gene for insulin from human chromosomes and insert it into the DNA of bacteria, causing the bacteria to produce human insulin. This technique is commonly used to produce insulin for the treatment of diabetes in humans.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of these describes a mutation that can be inherited?
- A.
Random breakage in a liver cell's DNA
- B.
Abnormal lung cells produced by toxins in smoke
- C.
A nitrogen base substitution in a gamete cell
- D.
Ultraviolet radiation damage to skin cells
Correct Answer
C. A nitrogen base substitution in a gamete cellExplanation
A nitrogen base substitution in a gamete cell describes a mutation that can be inherited because gametes are reproductive cells that are involved in the formation of offspring. If a mutation occurs in a gamete cell, it can be passed on to the next generation during reproduction, resulting in the mutation being inherited by the offspring.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A rare disorder is caused by changes in a gene. Parents of individuals with the disorder have only normal copies of this gene. Which of these most likely causes this disorder?
- A.
Mitosis
- B.
Gene splicing
- C.
Mutation
- D.
Natural selection
Correct Answer
C. MutationExplanation
A mutation is the most likely cause of this disorder because it is stated that the disorder is caused by changes in a gene. A mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can lead to the development of genetic disorders. Since the parents have normal copies of the gene, it suggests that the mutation occurred spontaneously in the affected individual.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A piece of DNA that codes for a certin protein or trait is known as a __________.
- A.
Fingerprint
- B.
Gene
- C.
Plasma membrane
- D.
Clone
Correct Answer
B. GeneExplanation
A piece of DNA that codes for a certain protein or trait is known as a gene. Genes are the basic units of heredity and contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. They determine the characteristics and traits that an organism will have. Genes are responsible for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and play a crucial role in the development and functioning of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the two pairs are both examples of organisms with the exact same DNA?
- A.
Fraternal twins - clones
- B.
Mothers - daughters
- C.
Clones - identical twins
- D.
Daughters - clones
Correct Answer
C. Clones - identical twinsExplanation
Clones and identical twins are both examples of organisms with the exact same DNA. Clones are organisms that are genetically identical to their parent, as they are produced through asexual reproduction. Identical twins, on the other hand, are formed when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos, resulting in two individuals with the same DNA. Therefore, both clones and identical twins have identical genetic material.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If a gene from one organism is inserted into a second different type of organism, what is the most likely result?
- A.
The second organism will die
- B.
The second organism will develop a new trait
- C.
The second organism will become a clone of the first organism
- D.
The second organism will stop dividing and growing
Correct Answer
B. The second organism will develop a new traitExplanation
When a gene from one organism is inserted into a second different type of organism, it is likely that the second organism will develop a new trait. This is because the inserted gene carries instructions for a specific characteristic or function, which can be expressed in the second organism and result in the development of a new trait.Rate this question:
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- 11.
When techniques of genetic engineering are used to put together dna sequences from two different sources, the result is known as _______________.
- A.
Recombinant DNA
- B.
Chromosomal abnormality
- C.
Trisomy
- D.
DNA fingerprinting
Correct Answer
A. Recombinant DNAExplanation
When techniques of genetic engineering are used to put together DNA sequences from two different sources, the result is known as recombinant DNA. This process involves the insertion of specific genes or DNA segments into a host organism's genome, resulting in a modified organism that expresses the desired traits or produces specific proteins. Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and industry, allowing scientists to manipulate and combine DNA sequences to create new genetic combinations with desired characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is not a true statement about transgenic foods?
- A.
Transgenic foods contain new traits compared to the original foods
- B.
Transgenic foods make humans develop new traits
- C.
Transgenic foods are made through genetic engineering
- D.
Transgenic foods are currently being sold in supermarkets
Correct Answer
B. Transgenic foods make humans develop new traitsExplanation
Transgenic foods do not make humans develop new traits. Transgenic foods are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that contain new traits compared to the original foods, as they are made through genetic engineering. However, consuming transgenic foods does not result in humans developing new traits. The other statements, such as transgenic foods containing new traits and being made through genetic engineering, are true. Additionally, transgenic foods are currently being sold in supermarkets.Rate this question:
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