Bio Exam Review: Chapters 1-3
Exam review for biology exam but only chapters 1-3
Questions and Answers
- 1.
In the correct order going from biggest to smallest what is life's hierarchy?
- A.
Ecosystem, community, population, biosphere, organism, organ system, organs, tissues, organelle, cell, molecule
- B.
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, popualtion, organism, organ system, organs, tissues,cell, organelle, and molecule
- C.
Molecule, organs, organelle, cell, organ system, biosphere, ecosystem, population, community, organism
Correct Answer
B. Biosphere, ecosystem, community, popualtion, organism, organ system, organs, tissues,cell, organelle, and moleculeExplanation
The correct order of life's hierarchy, going from biggest to smallest, is as follows: biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cell, organelle, and molecule. This order starts with the largest scale, encompassing the entire planet (biosphere), and then moves down to smaller and more specific levels, such as ecosystems, communities, and populations. Finally, it ends with the smallest units of life, including cells, organelles, and molecules.Rate this question:
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- 2.
An ecosystem is?
- A.
All organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the enviorment
- B.
Membrane bound structure in a cell
- C.
All the enviorments on earth that support life
- D.
All the individuals of a species living in a specified area
Correct Answer
A. All organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the enviormentExplanation
An ecosystem refers to the collection of all organisms, both living and non-living, that exist in a specific area. This includes plants, animals, microorganisms, as well as the physical components of the environment such as soil, water, air, and sunlight. All these elements interact and depend on each other within the ecosystem, forming a complex web of relationships and processes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in living organisms?
- A.
Proteins
- B.
Carbohydrates
- C.
Lipids
- D.
Nucleic acids
Correct Answer
D. Nucleic acidsExplanation
Nucleic acids (Option D), specifically DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are the macromolecules primarily responsible for storing genetic information. DNA carries the genetic code that determines an organism's traits, and RNA plays a role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. These molecules are essential for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is a community?
- A.
Inside an organism; several organs that work together in performing a specific function
- B.
Membrane bound structure in a cell
- C.
The entire array of organisms living in a particular area
- D.
All organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the enviorment
Correct Answer
C. The entire array of organisms living in a particular areaExplanation
The correct answer is "the entire array of organisms living in a particular area." This definition of a community refers to all the different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live and interact with each other within a specific geographical location. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of these organisms in their natural habitat. This definition also includes the concept of biodiversity and recognizes the importance of both living and nonliving components of the environment in shaping the community dynamics.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A population is all the individuals of a ... living in a specified ...
Correct Answer
species, areaExplanation
The correct answer is "species, area." A population refers to all the individuals of a specific species that are living in a particular area. This means that the population consists of all the organisms of the same species that can be found within a defined geographical location. By considering both the species and the area, we can accurately define and study populations in ecology and biology.Rate this question:
- 6.
What is an organ system?
Correct Answer
several organs that work together in performing specific functionsExplanation
An organ system refers to a group of organs that collaborate and work together to carry out specific functions in the body. These organs have specialized roles and interact with each other to perform tasks that are necessary for the overall functioning and survival of the organism. By working in harmony, organ systems ensure that different processes and functions, such as digestion, respiration, circulation, and excretion, are efficiently carried out.Rate this question:
- 7.
What is an organelle?
Correct Answer
membrane bound structure in a cellExplanation
An organelle is a membrane-bound structure in a cell. This means that it is surrounded by a membrane, which separates it from the rest of the cell. Organelles have specific functions and are responsible for carrying out various processes within the cell. They are like tiny organs within a cell, each with its own specific role and function. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.Rate this question:
- 8.
What is the main role of producers?
- A.
Break down complex matter into simpler mineral nutrients
- B.
Provide food for an ecosystem
- C.
Eat plants and animals
Correct Answer
B. Provide food for an ecosystemExplanation
Producers play a vital role in an ecosystem by converting sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis. They use this energy to produce food in the form of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, which serve as a source of nourishment for other organisms in the ecosystem. This food is then consumed by consumers, such as herbivores, which in turn are consumed by other organisms, creating a food chain or web. Therefore, the main role of producers is to provide food for the entire ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is the main role of consumers?
- A.
Eat plants and animals. all animals take in O2 from air and release CO2. wastes return to other chemicals in the enviroment
- B.
Decompose wastes and remains of dead animals. change complex matter into simpiler matter
- C.
Provide food for an ecosystem
Correct Answer
A. Eat plants and animals. all animals take in O2 from air and release CO2. wastes return to other chemicals in the enviromentExplanation
The main role of consumers is to eat plants and animals. All animals take in oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide. The wastes produced by consumers return to the environment and are broken down into other chemicals.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the main role for decomposers?
- A.
Decompose wastes and remians of dead animals
- B.
Provide food for an ecosystem
- C.
Eat plants and animals. all animals take in O2 from air and release CO2. wastes return to other chemicals in the enviroment
Correct Answer
A. Decompose wastes and remians of dead animalsExplanation
Decomposers play a crucial role in ecosystems by breaking down organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler compounds. This process of decomposition releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for other organisms to use. By decomposing wastes and remains of dead animals, decomposers contribute to the recycling of nutrients and the overall balance of the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What are the two major processes in an ecosystem?
Correct Answer
recycling of chemical nutrients, and flow of energyExplanation
In an ecosystem, the two major processes are the recycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy. Recycling of chemical nutrients refers to the continuous cycling and reuse of essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through various organisms and their interactions. This process ensures that these nutrients are not lost from the ecosystem and can be used by different organisms. The flow of energy, on the other hand, involves the transfer of energy from one organism to another through feeding relationships. This energy flow is essential for the functioning and survival of organisms within the ecosystem.Rate this question:
- 12.
Which of these is not one of the most basica chemicals necessary for life?
- A.
H2O
- B.
CO2
- C.
Phosphorous
- D.
Minerals
- E.
O2
Correct Answer
C. PhosphorousExplanation
Phosphorous is not one of the most basic chemicals necessary for life. While H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide), minerals, and O2 (oxygen) are all essential for various biological processes, phosphorous is not considered one of the fundamental elements required for life. It is important for the formation of DNA, RNA, and ATP, but it is not as universally essential as the other options listed.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When does energy flow into an ecosystem?
Correct Answer
when plants absorb sunlightExplanation
Energy flows into an ecosystem when plants absorb sunlight. This is because plants are the primary producers in an ecosystem and they use sunlight to convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. This energy is then passed on to other organisms in the ecosystem through the food chain. Therefore, the energy flow starts with the absorption of sunlight by plants.Rate this question:
- 14.
True or False.Cells can regulate their external enviorment
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Cells are not capable of directly regulating their external environment. They can only regulate their internal environment through various mechanisms such as active transport, osmosis, and cell signaling. However, cells do not have control over their external environment, which includes factors like temperature, pH, and nutrient availability. These external conditions are determined by the surrounding environment and cannot be directly regulated by the cells themselves.Rate this question:
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- 15.
True or false cells are examples of biological systems
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. They are responsible for carrying out various biological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, and response to stimuli. As cells are fundamental components of living organisms, they can be considered as examples of biological systems. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of these is not a shared characteristic between all cells?
- A.
Enclosed by a membrane that regulates passage of materials between cell and surroundings
- B.
Has a nucleus
- C.
Use DNA as genetic information
Correct Answer
B. Has a nucleusExplanation
The characteristic of having a nucleus is not shared by all cells. While most eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus. Therefore, the presence of a nucleus is not a universal characteristic of all cells.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What are the 2 types of cells?
Correct Answer
Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cellExplanation
The correct answer is Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. These two types of cells differ in terms of their structure, organization, and functions.Rate this question:
- 18.
What are the main characteristics that sets a eukarotic cell apart from a prokaryotic cell?
Correct Answer
contains a nucleus, and internal membrane that form organellesExplanation
The main characteristics that set a eukaryotic cell apart from a prokaryotic cell are the presence of a nucleus and internal membranes that form organelles. In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Additionally, eukaryotic cells have various internal membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which are absent in prokaryotic cells. These differences in cellular structure and organization contribute to the distinct functions and capabilities of eukaryotic cells.Rate this question:
- 19.
True or False All cells contain DNA
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
All cells contain DNA because DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, such as animal and plant cells, and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria. It is essential for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and is involved in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression. Therefore, it can be concluded that all cells contain DNA.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Genes are?
- A.
Anything that occupies space and has mass
- B.
Building blocks in DNA
- C.
Units of inheritence that transmit information from parents to offspring
Correct Answer
C. Units of inheritence that transmit information from parents to offspringExplanation
Genes are units of inheritance that carry and transmit genetic information from parents to offspring. They are segments of DNA molecules that contain instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Genes determine various traits and characteristics, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. Through the process of reproduction, genes are passed down from one generation to the next, allowing for the continuity of genetic information and the inheritance of traits from parents to their offspring.Rate this question:
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- 21.
DNA is made up of two long chains coiled together called a?
Correct Answer
double helixExplanation
DNA is made up of two long chains that are coiled together, forming a structure known as a double helix. The double helix structure consists of two strands of DNA that are twisted around each other in a spiral shape. This structure is essential for the stability and replication of DNA, as it allows the genetic information to be stored and transmitted accurately. The double helix shape of DNA was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, based on their analysis of X-ray diffraction data.Rate this question:
- 22.
What are the building blocks that these chains are made up of called?
Correct Answer
basesExplanation
The building blocks that these chains are made up of are called bases. Bases are the individual units that make up the structure of DNA and RNA molecules. In DNA, there are four types of bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine. These bases pair up with each other in a specific way: A with T (or U in RNA), and C with G. The sequence of bases in a DNA or RNA molecule carries the genetic information.Rate this question:
- 23.
Which of these is not one of the three domains of life?
- A.
Archaea
- B.
Eurotrachea
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Eukarya
Correct Answer
B. EurotracheaExplanation
Eurotrachea is not one of the three domains of life. The three domains of life are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Eurotrachea is not a recognized domain in the classification system of life.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is evolution?
- A.
Natural enviorment "selects" for individuals with certain traits
- B.
Species living today are descendants of ancestrol species
- C.
All eukaryotes goruped into different kingdoms
Correct Answer
B. Species living today are descendants of ancestrol speciesExplanation
The correct answer is that species living today are descendants of ancestral species. This statement aligns with the concept of evolution, which states that species change over time and new species arise from ancestral species through the process of descent with modification. This explanation emphasizes the idea that all organisms on Earth share a common ancestry and have evolved from earlier forms of life.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The 2 things that are the base of the heirarchy of chemistry?
Correct Answer
atoms and moleculesExplanation
Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of chemistry. Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element, and they combine to form molecules. Molecules are made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. These two entities are essential for understanding and studying the various properties, reactions, and interactions of substances in the field of chemistry. They form the foundation of the hierarchical structure of chemistry, as all other concepts and principles are built upon the understanding of atoms and molecules.Rate this question:
- 26.
What is matter?
- A.
Anything that occupies space and has mass
- B.
Substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
- C.
Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary means
Correct Answer
A. Anything that occupies space and has massExplanation
The correct answer is "anything that occupies space and has mass". This answer accurately defines matter as anything that takes up space and has weight. Matter can exist in various forms, such as solids, liquids, and gases. This definition encompasses all types of substances and materials, making it a comprehensive explanation for what matter is.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Living organisms are composed of?
Correct Answer
matterExplanation
Living organisms are composed of matter. Matter refers to anything that has mass and takes up space. In the context of living organisms, matter includes all the elements and compounds that make up their structure and allow them to function. This includes organic molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as inorganic substances like water and minerals. Without matter, living organisms would not be able to exist or carry out their biological processes.Rate this question:
- 28.
What is matter composed of?
Correct Answer
elementsExplanation
Matter is composed of elements. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. They are the building blocks of matter and are represented on the periodic table. Each element is made up of atoms with a specific number of protons in their nucleus. These atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, creating the various substances that make up our world.Rate this question:
- 29.
What is an element?
- A.
Species living today are descendants of ancestral species
- B.
Substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
- C.
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means
Correct Answer
C. A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical meansExplanation
The correct answer is "a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means." This definition accurately describes an element, which is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. Elements cannot be further broken down or separated into simpler substances through chemical reactions.Rate this question:
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- 30.
True or FalseA compound is a substance consiting of one element in a fixed ratio
Correct Answer
FalseExplanation
A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Therefore, the statement that a compound is a substance consisting of one element in a fixed ratio is incorrect. A compound always involves the combination of multiple elements.Rate this question:
- 31.
True or FalseCompounds are much more common than pure elements
Correct Answer
TrueExplanation
Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine. Since there are numerous combinations and possibilities for elements to combine, compounds are indeed much more common than pure elements. Pure elements, on the other hand, are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and are relatively less common compared to compounds.Rate this question:
- 32.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Correct Answer
atomExplanation
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds, and they are the building blocks of everything around us. Therefore, the answer to the question "What is the smallest unit of matter?" is atom.Rate this question:
- 33.
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Correct Answer
Explanation
The three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. These particles make up the atoms, with protons and neutrons located in the nucleus and electrons orbiting around the nucleus.Rate this question:
- 34.
An atom's central core is called its?
- A.
Shell
- B.
Nucleolous
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Ionic bond
Correct Answer
C. NucleusExplanation
The central core of an atom is called its nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which are the subatomic particles that make up the majority of an atom's mass. The nucleus is surrounded by electron shells, where the electrons orbit around the nucleus. The nucleolus, on the other hand, is a structure within the nucleus that is involved in the production of ribosomes. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between ions with opposite charges. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Why does the nucleus remain neutraly charged?
Correct Answer
because of the attraction between the positive charged protons and negative charged electronsExplanation
The nucleus remains neutrally charged because of the attraction between the positive charged protons and negative charged electrons. This attraction between opposite charges balances out the overall charge of the nucleus, resulting in a neutral charge.Rate this question:
- 36.
True or Falsean atomic number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Correct Answer
FalseExplanation
The atomic number is actually the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It does not include the number of neutrons. The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the mass number. Therefore, the statement that the atomic number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is false.Rate this question:
- 37.
Mass number is?
- A.
Number of protons
- B.
Sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus
- C.
Atoms that stay close together
- D.
Have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
Correct Answer
B. Sum of protons and neutrons in nucleusExplanation
The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This number represents the total mass of the atom. The number of protons determines the element's identity, while the number of neutrons can vary, resulting in different isotopes of the same element. Therefore, the correct answer is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 38.
An isotope has the same number of ... and ... but different number of ...
Correct Answer
protons and electrons, nuetronsExplanation
An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons and electrons as the original element, but a different number of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons creates variations in the atomic mass of the isotope. Isotopes can have different physical properties and may be stable or radioactive.Rate this question:
- 39.
True or False A radioactive isotope decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy
Correct Answer
TrueExplanation
Radioactive isotopes are unstable and decay over time, releasing particles and energy in the process. This decay is a spontaneous process that occurs without any external influence. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
- 40.
What are the only things directly involved in chemical activity of an atom?
Correct Answer
electronsExplanation
The only things directly involved in the chemical activity of an atom are electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. They determine the chemical behavior of an atom because they are responsible for forming chemical bonds with other atoms. Through the sharing, gaining, or losing of electrons, atoms can form compounds and participate in chemical reactions. Therefore, electrons play a crucial role in the chemical activity of an atom.Rate this question:
- 41.
True or False The closer an electron is to the nucleus the greater the energy
Correct Answer
FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the closer an electron is to the nucleus, the lower its energy. This is because electrons are negatively charged particles and they are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. The attraction between the electron and the nucleus decreases as the distance between them increases, resulting in higher energy levels for electrons that are further away from the nucleus.Rate this question:
- 42.
How many electrons can the outer shell hold?
- A.
2
- B.
4
- C.
6
- D.
8
Correct Answer
D. 8Explanation
The outer shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. This is because the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and the second and third shells can hold a maximum of 8 electrons each. Therefore, the outermost shell, also known as the valence shell, can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Atoms whose outer shells are incomplete participate in?
- A.
Ionic bonds
- B.
Covalent bonds
- C.
Chemical reactions
Correct Answer
C. Chemical reactionsExplanation
Atoms with incomplete outer shells tend to be unstable and highly reactive. They participate in chemical reactions in order to gain, lose, or share electrons and achieve a stable electron configuration. This allows them to fill their outer shells and become more stable. Therefore, the correct answer is chemical reactions.Rate this question:
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- 44.
When 2 atoms with incomplete outer shells react each atom either.. or... or... outer electrons to complete both of the atoms outer shells
- A.
Accepts, gets rid of, or stores
- B.
Shares,donates, or recieves
- C.
Shares, destroys, or ignores
Correct Answer
B. Shares,donates, or recievesExplanation
When 2 atoms with incomplete outer shells react, each atom shares, donates, or receives outer electrons to complete both of the atoms' outer shells. This is because atoms tend to form chemical bonds in order to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually by either sharing electrons with other atoms or transferring (donating/receiving) electrons to achieve a full outer shell.Rate this question:
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