Bio 230 Practice Exam Quiz!
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Steroid hormones diffuse across the cell and nuclear membrane into the nucleus, where they bind to hormone receptors that activate genes.
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True
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False
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Are you prepared for your bio 230 practice exam? For the bio 230 practice exam, you must know about how the digestive system works, what is a malignant tumor, what part of the body regulates blood sugar, and the purpose of the gallbladder. Bio 230 involves studying natural science, life, living organisms, which includes their physical structure and chemical processes. See moreThis combustible quiz will show you what Bio 230 is all about.
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- 2.
Sperm pass through all of the following structures EXCEPT the:
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Ductus deferens
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Ejaculatory duct
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Urethra
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Urinary bladder
Correct Answer
A. Urinary bladderExplanation
Sperm pass through the ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra during ejaculation. However, they do not pass through the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is responsible for storing urine, while the other structures mentioned are involved in the transport and release of sperm.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Genes determine your traits through the proteins they create.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Genes contain the instructions for making proteins, which are essential molecules that carry out various functions in our body. These proteins play a crucial role in determining our traits, such as physical characteristics, behavior, and susceptibility to diseases. Therefore, it is true that genes determine our traits through the proteins they create.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The HPV vaccine (Gardasil) is recommended for the prevention of
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Cervical cancer
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Lung cancer
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Skin cancer.
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Prostate cancer
Correct Answer
A. Cervical cancerExplanation
The HPV vaccine, also known as Gardasil, is recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and the vaccine helps protect against the most common types of HPV that can lead to cervical cancer. By receiving the vaccine, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cervical cancer and its associated complications. It is important for individuals, especially young girls, to get vaccinated to prevent this type of cancer.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is NOT a classic treatment for cancer?
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Physical therapy
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Radiation
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Chemotherapy
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Surgery
Correct Answer
A. Physical therapyExplanation
Physical therapy is not a classic treatment for cancer because it primarily focuses on improving mobility, function, and quality of life for individuals with physical impairments or disabilities. While physical therapy may be a supportive therapy for cancer patients to manage side effects or improve physical well-being, it is not considered a primary treatment for cancer itself. Classic treatments for cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, which directly target and aim to eliminate cancer cells from the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The pancreas is an important organ involved in digestion. It produces and secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease, which help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. Additionally, the pancreas also secretes bicarbonate, which helps neutralize the acidity of stomach acid as it enters the small intestine. Therefore, it is true that the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
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Stomach
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Small intestine
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Oral cavity
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Esophagus
Correct Answer
A. Small intestineExplanation
The small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It has a large surface area due to its long length and the presence of villi and microvilli, which increase the absorption surface even more. The small intestine contains enzymes and specialized cells that facilitate the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. This absorption is crucial for providing the body with essential nutrients for energy production, growth, and repair.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is hepatitis?
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Inflammation of the liver
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Weakness in the intestinal wall
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Noncancerous growth
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Difficulty digesting milk
Correct Answer
A. Inflammation of the liverExplanation
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.
Diverticulosis is weakness in the intestinal wall.
Colon polyps are non cancerous growths in the colon.
Lactose intolerance is difficulty digesting milk.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Immature egg cells are called:
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Fimbriae
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Corpus luteum
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Follicles
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Oocytes
Correct Answer
A. OocytesExplanation
Fimbriae are fingerlike projections at the open end of the oviduct that help move the oocyte into the oviduct.
Corpus luteum are the remains of the ruptured follicle that secretes large amounts of progesterone and estrogen to prepare the uterus for the possible arrival of a fertilized egg.
A follicle is a primary oocyte and its surrounding nourishing granulosa cells.
An Oocyte is an immature egg cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Primary oocytes are present in females at birth.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Primary oocytes are present in females at birth. These primary oocytes are immature eggs that have not yet undergone meiosis. They are arrested in prophase I of meiosis and remain in this state until puberty. At puberty, a small number of primary oocytes are activated each month to continue meiosis and develop into mature eggs. Therefore, it is true that primary oocytes are present in females at birth.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In females, FSH and LH causes a primary follicle to begin to grow and mature.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
SFH and LH stimulate the development of a follicle and the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaryRate this question:
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- 12.
What is usually the cause of death from cancer?
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Neoplasms
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Benign tumors
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Metastasis
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T-cell failure
Correct Answer
A. MetastasisExplanation
Metastasis is the correct answer because it refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body, leading to the formation of secondary tumors. This process is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths, as it allows cancer cells to invade and damage vital organs and tissues. Neoplasms and benign tumors are not the cause of death from cancer, as they can often be successfully treated or removed. T-cell failure, while it can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of cancer, is not the direct cause of death.Rate this question:
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- 13.
You can inherit a susceptibility to cancer because
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Cancer abnormalities may be passed in the cytoplasm of an oocyte.
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Cancer begins as a weakness in the tissues of an organ.
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Cancer involves abnormal genes, some of which may be inherited.
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Cancer genes develop primarily during meiotic cell divisions.
Correct Answer
A. Cancer involves abnormal genes, some of which may be inherited.Explanation
Cancer involves abnormal genes, some of which may be inherited. This means that certain genetic mutations or alterations can increase the risk of developing cancer. These abnormal genes can be passed down from parents to their offspring, resulting in a higher susceptibility to cancer. It is important to note that not all cancers are inherited, but a family history of certain types of cancer can indicate a genetic predisposition to the disease.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An individual who possesses two different alleles for a particular gene is referred to as:
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Codominance
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Heterozygous
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Polygenic
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Homozygous
Correct Answer
A. HeterozygousExplanation
Codominance is the pattern of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed even though the phenotypes they specify are different, like blood type.
Polygenic inheritance depends on many genes; it's the traits that are determined by more than one gene (or set of alleles), like eye color.
Homozygous refers to an individual who possesses two IDENTICAL alleles for a given gene.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Food is propelled forward through the GI tract by waves of muscular contraction called:
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Peristalsis
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Segmentation
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Stretching
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Motility
Correct Answer
A. PeristalsisExplanation
Segmentation refers to muscular contractions that mix the food.
Stretching of muscle will trigger the coordinated muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract, but will not, by itself, move food.
Motility is general movement and does not refer specifically to coordinated contractions that move food forward.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following hormones reduces the amount of water lost by the kidneys?
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Aldosterone
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Oxytocin
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer
A. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)Explanation
Aldosterone regulates body water balance by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Oxytocin induces uterine contractions and induces ejection of milk from the mammary glands.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) reduces the amount of water lost by the kidneys.
Parathryoid Hormone (PTH) raises blood calcium levels.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Transcription converts a gene's code into mRNA
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Portions of DNA unwind to allow RNA to make copies of specific genes into a readable transportable code called mRNA.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
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Storage of fat-soluble vitamins
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Storage of glycogen
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Metabolism of toxins
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Production of red blood cells
Correct Answer
A. Production of red blood cellsExplanation
The liver also produces bile.
The production of red blood cells is the kidney's job.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Most peptic ulcers are due to a bacterial infection and can be treated with antibiotics.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Peptic ulcers are commonly caused by a bacterial infection known as Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium infects the lining of the stomach and small intestine, leading to the development of ulcers. Antibiotics are effective in treating this bacterial infection, eliminating the bacteria and allowing the ulcers to heal. Therefore, the statement that most peptic ulcers are due to a bacterial infection and can be treated with antibiotics is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
George is very hungry. He just took a bite of a triple-decker hamburger (with all the fixings). Put the following in the correct order that the hamburger (and fixings!)would pass through as it moves through the digestive tract.
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Mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> large intestine-> small intestine-> rectum-> anus
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Mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> small intestine-> large intestine-> rectum-> anus
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Mouth-> stomach-> esophagus-> large intestine-> small intestine-> rectum-> anus
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Mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> small intestine-> large intestine-> anus-> rectum
Correct Answer
A. Mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> small intestine-> large intestine-> rectum-> anusExplanation
The correct order that the hamburger (and fixings!) would pass through as it moves through the digestive tract is mouth-> esophagus-> stomach-> small intestine-> large intestine-> rectum-> anus.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Insulin levels in the blood would increase when:
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Glucose levels in the blood decrease
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Glucose levels in the blood increase
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Somatostatin is present
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Glucose levels in the blood increaseExplanation
Glucagon levels in the blood would INCREASE when when glucose levels in the blood DECREASE.
Somatostatin inhibits both glucagon and insulin.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The ____________ is the site of blood filtration and urine production.
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Ureter
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Nephron
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Collecting duct
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Cortex
Correct Answer
A. NephronExplanation
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for blood filtration and urine production. It consists of a glomerulus, which filters blood, and a tubule, which reabsorbs water and essential nutrients while excreting waste products. The nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance and removing waste from the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 23.
“"Ovulation Predictor”" kits can be purchased which test for the appearance of a particular hormone in the urine. This hormone is significantly elevated just prior to ovulation. What hormone is detected?
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
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Progesterone
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Prolactin
Correct Answer
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)Explanation
A surge of LH and FSH results in ovulation.
HCG is secreted from a tissue from the embryo and home-use preganancy test kits work by detecting HCG in urine.
Progesterone is more involed with helping prepare the uterus.
Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to create milk.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Sperm and eggs are gametes.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Gametes are haploid cells because they only contain 23 chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Melignant tumors do not spread and are rarely life threatening.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Benign tumors do not spread and are rarely life threatening.
Malignant tumors can spread into surrounding tissues called metastasis.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which form of skin cancer is the deadliest because it can metastasize quickly?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Melanoma
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Epithelioma
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Correct Answer
A. MelanomaExplanation
Basal cell carcinoma is the least malignant and most common type.
Epithelioma is not a type of skin cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma is more dangerous than basal, but is still effectively treated.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which carcinogen is associated with approximately 30% of all cancer deaths?
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Tobacco
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UV radiation
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Viruses
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X-ray and gamma radiation
Correct Answer
A. TobaccoExplanation
Tobacco is associated with approximately 30% of all cancer deaths. This is because tobacco contains numerous harmful chemicals, including carcinogens, that can damage DNA and lead to the development of cancer. Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for several types of cancer, including lung, throat, mouth, and bladder cancer. Additionally, secondhand smoke from tobacco can also increase the risk of cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the association between tobacco and cancer deaths is well-established.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Hormones only affect certain cells.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by glands in the endocrine system and are released into the bloodstream to target specific cells or tissues. These target cells have specific receptors that are designed to recognize and respond to the hormones. Therefore, hormones only affect certain cells that have the appropriate receptors for that particular hormone.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Today, it is considered unsafe for a living individual to donate a kidney to another person.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because it is not considered unsafe for a living individual to donate a kidney to another person. In fact, kidney transplantation from living donors is a well-established procedure and is considered a safe and effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. Stringent medical evaluations are conducted to ensure the donor's health and well-being before the transplantation takes place.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which organ secretes enzymes that help digest all four major nutrient groups, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids?
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Liver
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Stomach
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Salivary glands
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Pancreas
Correct Answer
A. PancreasExplanation
The liver produces bile and performs various functions associated with processing and storing food.
The stomach stores and mixes food, begins chemical digestion of protein by enzymes and acid, and regulates delivery to the small intestine.
The salivary glands help us taste food, moistens food, digests starch and lysozymes that are present inhibits bacteria.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and secretes bicarbonate into the small intestine to neutralize stomach acid.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What organ DOES NOT make up the digestive tract?
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Mouth
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Gallbladder
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Stomach
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Anus
Correct Answer
A. GallbladderExplanation
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and although it is part of the digestive system, it is not part of the digestive tract.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Men with a sperm count of 500,000 to 1,000,000 per ejaculate are considered infertile.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Sperm count below 60 million per ejaculation are considered infertile.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Fertilization occurs in the oviducts.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Sperm released in the vagina must swim to the oviducts.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The immune system can help to defend against cancer cells because
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Cancer cells metastasize.
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Cancer cells may stop displaying normal ""self"" proteins on the cell surface.
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Cancer is able to hide inside body organs.
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Cancer antigens attack T cells.
Correct Answer
A. Cancer cells may stop displaying normal ""self"" proteins on the cell surface.Explanation
The immune system can help to defend against cancer cells because cancer cells may stop displaying normal "self" proteins on the cell surface. This is known as immune evasion, where cancer cells can modify their surface proteins to avoid detection by the immune system. By not displaying normal "self" proteins, cancer cells can evade recognition by immune cells such as T cells, allowing them to proliferate and spread. The immune system's ability to recognize and target cells displaying abnormal proteins is crucial in identifying and eliminating cancer cells.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is the most common cancer in the United States?
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Skin cancer
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Breast cancer.
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Colon cancer
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Lung cancer
Correct Answer
A. Skin cancerExplanation
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. It is caused by the abnormal growth of skin cells, usually due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Skin cancer can occur on any part of the body but is most commonly found on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs. It is important to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure and to regularly check for any changes or abnormalities in moles or skin growths.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Chemotherapy that inhibits cell division acts primarily on cancer cells.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Chemotherapy are drugs that kill rapidly dividing cells and they primarily act on cancer cells, but they also damage or kill many normal cells that divide rapidly, like bone marrow cells and cells lining the digestive tract.Rate this question:
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- 37.
PKU is an inherited disease that causes serious mental retardation shortly after birth. PKU
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Cannot be treated.
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Cannot be detected.
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Is a homozygous recessive condition where individuals accumulate too much of the amino acid phenylalanine.
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Is more prevalent than cystic fibrosis.
Correct Answer
A. Is a homozygous recessive condition where individuals accumulate too much of the amino acid phenylalanine.Explanation
PKU is an inherited disease caused by a homozygous recessive condition, meaning that both copies of the gene responsible for the condition are mutated. This condition leads to the accumulation of excessive amounts of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body. This accumulation can cause serious mental retardation shortly after birth. The other options are incorrect: PKU can be treated through dietary restrictions, it can be detected through newborn screening, and it is not more prevalent than cystic fibrosis.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Identical twins form from 2 sperm fertilizing 1 egg.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Identical twin form from 1 egg and 1 sperm separating to form 2 babies.
Fraternal twins form from 2 eggs being released and 2 sperm successfully fertilizing each egg.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The large intestine:
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Regulates the production of red blood cells
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Absorbs most of the nutrients in food
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Absorbs water
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Secretes digestive enzymes
Correct Answer
A. Absorbs waterExplanation
The kidneys regulate the production of red blood cells.
The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrient in food.
The large intestine absorbs the last of the water and nutrients.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Benign tumors
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Metastasize, but not as extensively as cancer cells.
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Are always pre-cancerous.
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Have abnormalities in DNA but not in cell division.
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Remain in one place as a well-defined mass of cells.
Correct Answer
A. Remain in one place as a well-defined mass of cells.Explanation
The cells of a benign tumor do not break free of the main cell mass.
Benign tumors may never become cancerous, those are melignant tumors.
All tumors arise because of abnormalities in cell division.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What is the largest organ in the body?
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Stomach
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Pancreas
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Liver
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Spleen
Correct Answer
A. LiverExplanation
The liver is the largest organ in the body. It is located in the upper right side of the abdomen and is responsible for many important functions such as detoxification, metabolism of nutrients, production of bile, and storage of vitamins and minerals. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the protein-digesting enzyme that resides in the stomach?
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Gastrin
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Bicarbonate
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Pepsin
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Prolactin
Correct Answer
A. PepsinExplanation
Pepsin is the protein-digesting enzyme that resides in the stomach. It is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach lining and plays a crucial role in breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. Pepsin works best in the highly acidic environment of the stomach, where it is activated from its inactive precursor, pepsinogen. This enzyme is essential for the digestion of dietary proteins and the absorption of amino acids in the small intestine. Gastrin, bicarbonate, and prolactin are not involved in protein digestion in the stomach.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The function of the gallbladder is to:
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Secrete digestive enzymes
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Store pancreatic enzymes
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Produce bile
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Store and release bile
Correct Answer
A. Store and release bileExplanation
The gallbladder's main function is to store and release bile. Bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. When food containing fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the digestive system to aid in the breakdown and absorption of fats. Therefore, the gallbladder acts as a storage organ for bile and releases it when needed during the digestion process.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the digestive tract contents?
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Serosa
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Muscularis
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Mucosa
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Submucosa
Correct Answer
A. MucosaExplanation
The mucosa is the layer of the digestive tract that is in direct contact with the digestive tract contents. It lines the inner surface of the digestive tract and is responsible for absorbing nutrients and secreting digestive enzymes. The mucosa contains specialized cells and glands that aid in the digestion and absorption of food. It also acts as a protective barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What are dental carries?
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Enamel
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Cavities
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Cusp
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Root canal
Correct Answer
A. CavitiesExplanation
Dental carries refer to cavities in the teeth. Cavities are areas of tooth decay that develop when the enamel, the outer protective layer of the teeth, is damaged and bacteria start to erode the tooth. This can result in holes or cavities in the tooth structure. Therefore, "cavities" is the correct answer as it accurately describes dental carries.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The sensation of heart burn is a result of the nerves being confused when acid expands in the stomach
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The sensation of heart burn is a result of the sphincter malfunctioning (not closing) and allowing backflow of acidic stomach fluid into the esophagus.Rate this question:
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- 47.
When blood calcium levels increase we would expect
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More calcitonin to be released into the blood
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More prolactin in the blood
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The activation of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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The release of aldosterone
Correct Answer
A. More calcitonin to be released into the bloodExplanation
When there is an increase in calcium levels, most likely Calcitonin would be released to lower calcium levels.
Prolactin affects the mammary glands into stimulating the development of mammary gland cells and the production of milk.
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects the bone, digestive tract and kidneys into actually RAISING blood calcium levels.
Aldosterone affects the kidneys into regulating body water balance by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretionRate this question:
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- 48.
Which STD causes causes chancre, a hard, dry bacteria -filled sore, at the infection site
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Gonorrhea
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Syphilis
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Chlamydia
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AIDS
Correct Answer
A. SyphilisExplanation
Gonorrhea causes pus from penis and vaginal discharge and causes both painful urination.
Syphilis causes primarily chancre at the infection site.
Chlaymdia causes discharge from penis, vaginal discharge and itching, and causes both burning during urination.
AIDS causes fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph node or spleen, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which phase of the cell cycle includes G1, S, and G2?
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Mitotic phase
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Prophase
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Cytokinesis
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Interphase
Correct Answer
A. InterphaseExplanation
Mitotic phase is the entire process of the nucleus and then the cytoplasm dividing.
Prophase is the first phase of mitosis. (During prophase the chromosomes condense and thicken, the pairs of centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell, and the mitotic spindle forms which is the structure that causes the two identical strands of DNA to divide.)
Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm divides and two new cells (called daughter cells) are formed.
Interphase is the long growth period that is divided into the above three subphases.Rate this question:
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