Bentley Ch. 14 Test Empire In East Asia

The Grand Canal was an essential part of China's economic health because it provided a practical and economic means of transporting food, such as rice, from the Yangzi River valley to the northern regions. This allowed for a more efficient distribution of food and helped to support the overall food production and supply in the country.

The Tang dynasty succeeded due to the maintenance of transportation and communication networks, the distribution of land according to the equal-field system, and the reliance on a bureaucracy of merit. These factors allowed for efficient governance, effective administration, and equitable distribution of resources, which contributed to the stability and success of the Tang dynasty.

In the eleventh century, the Chinese government chose to restrict the private production of paper money and assume it as a duty of government in order to preserve the convenience of paper money, but to reduce problems caused by forgery and inadequate currency backing. This suggests that the government recognized the benefits of paper money in facilitating trade and commerce, but also acknowledged the need for regulation to maintain its integrity and prevent fraudulent practices. By taking control of the production of paper money, the government aimed to ensure the reliability and stability of the currency, thus promoting economic stability and trust in the monetary system.

The Chinese continued to use block printing rather than moveable type because the Chinese written language is based on more than 40,000 characters, making it too time-consuming to move individual ideographs within each document.

Buddhism favored the adoption of printing because copying and distribution of sacred text was considered a highly meritorious act. Printing technology allowed for the mass production and dissemination of sacred texts, making it easier for Buddhists to fulfill their religious duty of spreading the teachings. This also ensured that the sacred texts were more widely accessible to the general public, further promoting the growth and influence of Buddhism.

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The nomads from the north of China posed the greatest threat to the Song dynasty. The Song dynasty faced constant invasions from various nomadic groups, such as the Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols. These nomads were skilled horseback riders and warriors, making them formidable opponents for the Song dynasty. The constant warfare and pressure from the nomads eventually led to the downfall of the Song dynasty in 1279, when they were conquered by the Mongols.

The correct answer is Vietnamese women lost their traditional domination of local and regional markets as a result of China's powerful patriarchal tradition. This is because the passage states that Vietnamese women lost their traditional domination of local and regional markets as a result of China's powerful patriarchal tradition. The other options are all mentioned as results of Chinese interaction with Vietnamese culture. Vietnamese authorities established an administrative system and bureaucracy based on Chinese traditions, Vietnamese farmers adapted Chinese agricultural methods and irrigation systems, and Buddhism came to Vietnam from China as well as from India.

The military expansion into Vietnam introduced the Chinese to faster-growing rice, which allowed them to cultivate rice crops twice a year in southern China. This increased agricultural productivity and provided a stable food supply, leading to economic expansion.

After the fall of the Han dynasty, the Confucian tradition lost its credibility. This loss of credibility created a void in the religious and philosophical landscape of China, which allowed for the introduction of new, non-Chinese religions. Additionally, the era of warlords and nomadic invaders further facilitated the spread of foreign religions into China. The political instability and cultural changes brought about by these external forces provided an opportunity for different religious beliefs and practices to enter Chinese society.

Byzantium and the Abbasid Empire are considered the anchors of the postclassical world because they were two of the most powerful and influential empires during this time period. Byzantium, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, preserved many aspects of classical Roman culture and served as a center of trade and learning. The Abbasid Empire, on the other hand, was a major Islamic empire that promoted scientific, cultural, and intellectual advancements. Together, these two empires played a significant role in shaping the political, economic, and cultural landscape of the postclassical world.

The Nara period in Japanese history, which lasted from 710 to 794, was characterized by strong Chinese influence. This influence was particularly evident in various aspects of Japanese culture, including art, architecture, and Buddhism. During this period, Japan actively imported and adopted Chinese practices, such as the Chinese writing system and Confucianism. The establishment of a centralized government modeled after the Chinese system also contributed to the profound Chinese influence during the Nara period.

The ritual of the kowtow was significant throughout east and central Asia for the following reasons: it established the protocol of diplomatic contacts, promoted cultural exchanges between China and her neighbors, and fostered trade with China and the other nations of Asia. However, it did not directly establish Chinese control in the subordinate lands.