Basic Science Js 3

HIV/AIDS can be contracted through unprotected sexual intercourse because the virus is present in the bodily fluids of an infected person, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. During sexual intercourse, these fluids can be exchanged between partners, allowing the virus to enter the body of an uninfected individual. Other modes of transmission, such as handshakes, smoking, or sharing utensils, do not involve direct contact with infected bodily fluids and therefore do not pose a risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.

Hides and skin are used in the leather industry for the production of various products such as belts, bags, and shoes. These materials are durable and can be shaped and crafted into different designs, making them ideal for creating accessories and footwear.

A magnet can attract iron because iron is a ferromagnetic material. When a magnet is brought close to iron, the magnetic field of the magnet aligns the magnetic domains in the iron, causing it to be attracted to the magnet. This attraction is the result of the electromagnetic force between the magnet and the iron.

Resources are valuables that we obtain from both living and non-living things. These can include natural resources such as minerals, water, and air, as well as resources obtained from living organisms such as food, wood, and medicinal plants. These resources are essential for human survival and are used for various purposes, including consumption, production, and trade.

Animal dung and poultry droppings are commonly used as organic fertilizers in agriculture. They are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. When these organic materials are added to the soil, they break down and release these nutrients gradually, providing a steady supply of nourishment to plants. This helps to improve soil fertility, enhance crop yield, and promote healthy plant growth. Therefore, animal dung and poultry droppings are commonly used in making fertilizer to improve soil fertility.

The care given to a woman during pregnancy is called "ante-natal" care. This type of care includes regular check-ups, screenings, and medical advice to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing baby. It focuses on monitoring the progress of the pregnancy, identifying any potential complications or risks, and providing necessary support and guidance to the pregnant woman.

Sound travels fastest in air because air is less dense compared to other mediums like water, kerosene, and petrol. Sound waves travel through the vibration of particles in a medium, and the speed of sound depends on the density and elasticity of the medium. Since air has lower density and higher elasticity compared to water, kerosene, and petrol, sound waves can travel faster in air.

Gold is the correct answer because it is a mineral that is commonly used to make jewelry. Gold is known for its beauty, durability, and rarity, making it a popular choice for crafting jewelry pieces. It can be easily shaped into various forms and can be combined with other metals to create different colors and designs. Additionally, gold is highly valued and has been used in jewelry making for centuries due to its cultural and historical significance.

Traits are the characteristics or attributes that are passed down from parents to their offspring. These traits can include physical characteristics, such as eye color or height, as well as behavioral or genetic traits. The passing on of traits from one generation to the next is a fundamental concept in genetics and is a result of the inheritance of genes from parents to their offspring.

A large area of land that is thickly covered with trees is known as a forest. Forests are characterized by their dense vegetation and are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. They play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, providing habitat for wildlife, and contributing to the overall health of the planet.

X-rays are used to take photographs of the human body. X-ray imaging is a common diagnostic tool in medicine, allowing doctors to see the internal structures of the body. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate the body and create images of bones, organs, and other tissues. They are commonly used to diagnose fractures, infections, tumors, and other medical conditions. X-ray machines emit a controlled amount of radiation, which is absorbed differently by different tissues in the body, creating contrast in the resulting image.

Erosion is the process by which water or wind removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location and transports it to another. In the context of the question, the washing away of nutrients down the soil by water is a clear example of erosion.

Deforestation refers to the process of cutting down trees and clearing forests. This activity is often done to make space for agriculture, urbanization, or the extraction of natural resources. Deforestation has significant negative impacts on the environment, including loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and contribution to climate change.

Unsafe abortion can lead to various consequences, including infection, perforation of the uterus, and even death. However, it does not result in increased fertility. In fact, unsafe abortion can cause damage to the reproductive organs, leading to complications that may reduce fertility or make it difficult for a person to conceive in the future. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) increased fertility.

Skin color can be transferred genetically from parents to offspring. This is because skin color is determined by the presence of certain genes that are inherited from parents. These genes control the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Different combinations of these genes result in different skin colors, and these combinations can be passed down from parents to their children. Therefore, offspring can inherit their skin color from their parents.

Blockage of drainage gutters can cause flooding because when the gutters are blocked, water cannot flow freely and gets accumulated. This accumulation of water can lead to overflow and flooding in the surrounding areas.

The correct answer is {d} high self-esteem. Teenage pregnancy often leads to negative consequences such as termination of education, stigmatization, and unsafe abortion. However, it is unlikely to result in high self-esteem as it can bring about feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-worth due to societal judgment and challenges faced by young parents.

The production of drugs is a right application of science because it involves the use of scientific knowledge and techniques to develop medications that can treat and cure various diseases and improve the overall health and well-being of individuals. The production of drugs is essential in the field of medicine and healthcare, as it helps in alleviating pain, controlling symptoms, preventing illnesses, and saving lives. Additionally, the production of drugs undergoes rigorous testing and regulation to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Skill acquisition refers to the process of developing and enhancing one's skills. It involves actively learning and practicing new abilities, techniques, or knowledge in order to improve and become more proficient in a particular area. This process includes various methods such as training, education, practice, and experience. It is a continuous and ongoing process that allows individuals to expand their capabilities and become more competent in their chosen field.

NAFDAC is the correct answer because it stands for the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control. While the agency primarily focuses on regulating and controlling the manufacture, distribution, and sale of food and drugs, it also plays a role in controlling drug abuse by ensuring that drugs are properly labeled, registered, and not being abused or misused.

Deforestation leads to the destruction of wildlife habitats, which can result in the extinction of various animal species. When forests are cleared, animals lose their homes and are forced to relocate or perish. This disruption in their natural environment can cause a decline in their population and, in some cases, lead to their complete extinction. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) extinction of wildlife.

Radioactive elements emit three types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Alpha particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons and have a positive charge. Beta particles are high-energy electrons or positrons that are emitted during radioactive decay. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with high energy and no charge. These three types of radiation have different properties and can be used for various applications in medicine, industry, and research.

Beasts of burden are animals that are used for means of transportation and working on the farm. This means that they are utilized to carry heavy loads, pull carts or plows, and perform various tasks on the farm. These animals, such as horses, donkeys, and oxen, are trained and domesticated specifically for their strength and ability to assist with agricultural work.

Abortion is the correct answer because it refers to the intentional termination of a pregnancy before the 28th week by removing the fertilized egg from the uterus. It can be done through mechanical or chemical means. Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy, conception refers to the fertilization of an egg by sperm, and sterility refers to the inability to conceive or produce offspring.

During radioactive decay, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays are commonly emitted. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are either electrons or positrons, and gamma rays are high-energy photons. Neutrons, on the other hand, are not typically emitted during radioactive decay. They are usually found within the nucleus of an atom and are involved in nuclear reactions, but they are not considered a product of radioactive decay.

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Overgrazing is the correct answer because it refers to the activity of allowing livestock to graze on a particular area for an extended period, leading to the depletion of vegetation and potential damage to the ecosystem. This activity is directly associated with livestock/animals as they are the ones responsible for the grazing. Erosion, bush burning, and mining are not specifically related to livestock or animals.

Petroleum is not a solid mineral because it is a liquid fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. It is found underground and extracted through drilling. Solid minerals, on the other hand, are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure. Examples of solid minerals include tin ore, gold, and coal.

The given question is asking for an animal product, and the only option that is not an animal product is (d) fibre. Horn, manure, and milk are all derived from animals, while fibre can be obtained from plants. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) fibre.

A fuse is used as a safety measure or device to prevent overloading of an electric circuit. When the current flowing through the circuit exceeds a safe limit, the fuse melts and breaks the circuit, preventing damage to the circuit and potential hazards such as fire or electrical shock. Fuses are designed to be easily replaceable, providing a cost-effective and efficient solution to protect electrical systems from overload.

The heat from the sun reaches the earth mainly by radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as light and infrared waves. In the case of the sun, it emits a vast amount of energy in the form of radiation, which travels through space and reaches the earth. This radiation is then absorbed by the earth's atmosphere and surface, warming up the planet.

The tear between the vagina and the urinary tract that occurs as a result of teenage pregnancy is called Vesico Vaginal Fistula (VVF). This condition can cause urine to leak from the vagina, leading to discomfort and embarrassment for the affected individual. It is important to diagnose and treat VVF promptly to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for the patient.

Reflection of light takes place when a ray of light strikes a plane or polished surface.

The given question asks for a use of solid minerals that is not mentioned. Options (a), (b), and (c) all mention different uses of solid minerals, such as building houses, constructing bridges, and making jewelry. Option (d), "powering automobile," is not mentioned as a use of solid minerals in the question. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

Dumping of refuse can cause flooding because when refuse is dumped in rivers, canals, or other water bodies, it can block the natural flow of water. This obstruction can lead to the accumulation of water, which can result in flooding during heavy rainfall or storms. Additionally, the dumped refuse can also clog drainage systems, further exacerbating the risk of flooding. Therefore, the dumping of refuse can have detrimental effects on the natural drainage system, leading to an increased likelihood of flooding in the surrounding areas.

A machine is a tool that allows a force at one point to overcome a resisting force at another point. Machines are designed to make work easier by multiplying or changing the direction of the applied force. They can be used to lift heavy objects, move loads, or perform various tasks that would be difficult or impossible to do with human strength alone.

Gamma radiation is used to kill germs. Gamma radiation consists of high-energy photons that can penetrate through materials and damage the DNA of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. This damage disrupts their cellular function and ultimately kills them. Gamma radiation is commonly used in sterilization processes for medical equipment, food, and water, as well as in the treatment of cancer.

When a pregnancy is intentionally terminated or ended by medical or surgical means, it is referred to as induced abortion. This is different from a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), which occurs naturally without any intentional intervention. The term "removed" does not accurately describe the intentional termination of a pregnancy, and "spontaneous" and "miscarriage" refer to natural, involuntary pregnancy loss. Therefore, the correct answer is "induced."

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere. It extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The ozone layer is found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, between about 10 to 30 kilometers. It plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Friction is a force that opposes motion and it is useful in various applications. Brakes utilize friction to slow down or stop the motion of vehicles or machines. Clutches use friction to engage or disengage the transmission of power between two rotating shafts. Pulleys rely on friction to transmit force and change the direction of motion. However, slides do not require friction as they are designed to allow smooth and easy movement without any resistance. Therefore, slides are not considered a useful application of friction.

Alpha rays can be stopped by paper because they consist of large, heavy particles (helium nuclei) that have a positive charge. When these particles collide with the atoms in a piece of paper, they lose energy and are easily absorbed, preventing them from penetrating further. Beta rays, on the other hand, consist of fast-moving electrons or positrons and can penetrate paper. Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves that can also penetrate paper. Therefore, the correct answer is Alpha.

A pulley is not a lever because it does not have a rigid bar or beam that pivots on a fulcrum. A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid object, such as a beam or a bar, that is free to rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum. In contrast, a pulley is a wheel with a groove that a rope or belt can run along, and it is used to change the direction or magnitude of a force. Therefore, a pulley does not fit the definition of a lever.

Like poles of magnets attract each other due to the alignment of the magnetic field lines. When two magnets with like poles are brought close to each other, the magnetic field lines from both magnets repel each other, causing the magnets to be attracted to each other. This is a fundamental property of magnets and is observed in everyday life, such as when two bar magnets are brought close to each other and stick together.

Becquerel was the first scientist to discover radioactivity. He made this discovery accidentally while experimenting with phosphorescent materials. He found that uranium salts emitted rays that could penetrate opaque materials and expose photographic plates. This led to the understanding of a new phenomenon called radioactivity, which revolutionized the field of physics and eventually earned Becquerel the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Marie Curie, Pierre Curie, and Dalton are not associated with the discovery of radioactivity.

An inclined plane wrapped around a metal rod forms a screw. A screw is a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylindrical post or rod. It is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion or vice versa. The inclined plane on the screw allows it to exert a large amount of force over a small distance, making it useful for tasks such as lifting heavy objects or holding things together.

Limestone is a mineral that can be found in Ewekoro.

Cheese is not a resource from plants. It is a dairy product made from milk, which is obtained from animals such as cows, goats, or sheep. Sponge, potato, and palm wine, on the other hand, are all resources that can be derived from plants.

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, can cause significant damage to the environment, including soil erosion. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that natural disasters do not cause soil erosion.

When light passes from air to glass, refraction takes place. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index, such as from air to glass. This bending occurs because the speed of light changes when it enters a different medium, causing the light rays to change direction.

The correct answer is Becquerel. Becquerel was the first scientist to discover radioactivity. He made this discovery in 1896 while working with uranium salts. He found that these salts emitted rays that could pass through opaque materials and expose photographic plates. This discovery laid the foundation for further research on radioactivity and its applications in various fields.