1.
________ ________ is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in dialysis patients and is leading cause of _________________.
2.
It is important that a properly functioning vascular access be maintained for a _______ term hemodialysis.
3.
Graft failure can occur without any signs of clinical ________.
4.
Causes of graft failure:
* *_________ of graft, fistula or surrounding area is very common
**________ at the arterial or venous anastomosis in graft
________ stenosis is more common
*_________ of graft or fistula (clue: clot)
5.
Ultrasound can be used for which of the following: (more than 1)
A. 
B. 
Assess for defects, stenosis, or occlusion
C. 
Monitor graft and fistula function
D. 
Distal limb ischemia from steal syndrome
E. 
Aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms
F. 
6.
The closer to the graft is to the heart, the better it is.
7.
With chronic dialysis, what are the 2 most common grafts?
8.
Check all that apply to the typical areas of placement in loop grafts:
A. 
Brachial artery-cephalic vein
B. 
Brachial artery-axillary vein
C. 
Brachial artery-median cubital vein
D. 
Axillary artery-basilic vein
E. 
Brachial artery-basilic vein
F. 
Proximal brachial artery-axillary vein
9.
A lesser used site for grafts is the _____ to the ____. It is also rarely in the __________ vessels (used as last resort)
10.
Grafts within the subclavian vessels tend to get easily ________ and _______ in this area can become potentially fatal leading to PE or stroke.
11.
Check all that apply to straight grafts:
A. 
Distal radial artery-cephalic vein
B. 
Distal brachial artery-cephalic vein
C. 
Distal radial artery-median cubital vein
D. 
Distal radial artery-basilic vein near AC fossa
E. 
Distal brachial artery - proximal basilic vein or axillary vein
12.
Fistulas last longer than grafts.
13.
Fistulas are ________ and are known for ______ term patency and ______ complication rates.
14.
In regards to fistulas, this is a side to side type of connection?
15.
The most common autologous fistula for dialysis is _______artery to ______ vein.
16.
Check all that apply to the basic protocol for grafts:
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G. 
17.
Check all that apply to the basic protocol for fistulas:
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G. 
Arterial venous connection
18.
When fistulas are created it must ________. Veins need to toughen and expand to withstand the _____ pressure of dialysis. Flow becomes ____________.
19.
Maturation of fistulas can take up to ___ to ___ weeks after creation.
20.
Name another access that is used temporarily until the fistula is ready to be used:
21.
With fistulas, the vein can feel lumpy and dilate due to increased pressures in the vein
22.
This is palpable flow within the access (you feel vibration)
23.
If there is no thrill felt, the graft is usually ________
24.
Never take a _______ ________ on the arm of access, which could lead to failure
25.
What is the range of frequencies (transducer) used for grafts or fistulas?