Av Fistulas And Grafts Part 2
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Part 2 of vascular
- 1.________ ________ is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in dialysis patients and is leading cause of _________________.
- 2.It is important that a properly functioning vascular access be maintained for a _______ term hemodialysis.
- 3.Graft failure can occur without any signs of clinical ________.
- 4.Causes of graft failure: * *_________ of graft, fistula or surrounding area is very common **________ at the arterial or venous anastomosis in graft ________ stenosis is more common *_________ of graft or fistula (clue: clot)
- 5.Ultrasound can be used for which of the following: (more than 1)
- A.
Evaluate dialysis access
- B.
Assess for defects, stenosis, or occlusion
- C.
Monitor graft and fistula function
- D.
Distal limb ischemia from steal syndrome
- E.
Aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms
- F.
Pre-op assessment
- 6.The closer to the graft is to the heart, the better it is.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.With chronic dialysis, what are the 2 most common grafts?
- 8.Check all that apply to the typical areas of placement in loop grafts:
- A.
Brachial artery-cephalic vein
- B.
Brachial artery-axillary vein
- C.
Brachial artery-median cubital vein
- D.
Axillary artery-basilic vein
- E.
Brachial artery-basilic vein
- F.
Proximal brachial artery-axillary vein
- 9.A lesser used site for grafts is the _____ to the ____. It is also rarely in the __________ vessels (used as last resort)
- 10.Grafts within the subclavian vessels tend to get easily ________ and _______ in this area can become potentially fatal leading to PE or stroke.
- 11.Check all that apply to straight grafts:
- A.
Distal radial artery-cephalic vein
- B.
Distal brachial artery-cephalic vein
- C.
Distal radial artery-median cubital vein
- D.
Distal radial artery-basilic vein near AC fossa
- E.
Distal brachial artery - proximal basilic vein or axillary vein
- 12.Fistulas last longer than grafts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Fistulas are ________ and are known for ______ term patency and ______ complication rates.
- 14.In regards to fistulas, this is a side to side type of connection?
- 15.The most common autologous fistula for dialysis is _______artery to ______ vein.
- 16.Check all that apply to the basic protocol for grafts:
- A.
Inflow artery
- B.
Outflow artery
- C.
Arterial anastomosis
- D.
Inflow vein
- E.
Outflow vein
- F.
Entire length of graft
- G.
Venous anstomosis
- 17.Check all that apply to the basic protocol for fistulas:
- A.
Outflow artery
- B.
Inflow artery
- C.
Venous anastomosis
- D.
Arterial anastomosis
- E.
Inflow vein
- F.
Outflow vein
- G.
Arterial venous connection
- 18.When fistulas are created it must ________. Veins need to toughen and expand to withstand the _____ pressure of dialysis. Flow becomes ____________.
- 19.Maturation of fistulas can take up to ___ to ___ weeks after creation.
- 20.Name another access that is used temporarily until the fistula is ready to be used:
- 21.With fistulas, the vein can feel lumpy and dilate due to increased pressures in the vein
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.This is palpable flow within the access (you feel vibration)
- 23.If there is no thrill felt, the graft is usually ________
- 24.Never take a _______ ________ on the arm of access, which could lead to failure
- 25.What is the range of frequencies (transducer) used for grafts or fistulas?
- 26.Evalutaion of an inflow artery should be of ______ resistance
- 27.Flow distal to anastomosis, should be of ______ resistance
- 28.You assess a graft or fistula for which of the following:
- A.
Hematomas
- B.
Clot
- C.
Aneurysms
- D.
Pseudoaneurysms
- E.
Seromas or fluid collections
- 29.When measuring flow volume, the inside diameter or area of graft is measured in ______ (without color) and in ______ you sample the region from which the diameter was measured.
- 30.This is the measurement of instantaneous average or mean velocity over time
- 31.What are the units of flow volume (Q)?
- 32.What is the flow volume equation?
- 33.Flow volume is done only on:
- 34.Flow volumes cannot be done in _____ because size of vein is too small and easily change size with transducer pressure.
- 35.When speaking of graft flow volumes: poor dialysis is less than _______, the normal range is ____-____, and possible CHF is greater than _______.
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