Shift in the nation's economic life toward industrial production.
Decline in public support for unions.
Shift in the nation's economic life away from service delivery.
Increase in the number of unions members with purposive incentives.
Increase in the number of unions members with concurrent incentives.
Material.
Purposive.
Solidary.
Sociological.
Concurrent.
Religious people.
People in small communities.
People from the lower socioeconomic classes and members of minority groups.
People in economic distress.
People with better-than-average incomes.
5
10
50
70
98
Society is relatively homogeneous.
Political parties are relatively strong.
Political authority resides in a handful of officials.
Interest groups can easily gain access to government.
A & C
Government policy.
The evolution of talented leadership.
The enlargement of governmental responsibilities.
Broad economic developments.
Legislative capitulation.
Professional organization.
Trade association.
Corporate lobby.
Union lobbies.
Public-interest lobby.
Labor unions.
Business and trade associations.
Professional and charitable organizations.
Religious and political associations.
A & B
Material.
Purposive.
Party.
Solidary.
Concurrent.
The opportunity for members to market their products through cooperative.
Low-cost life insurance.
The appeal of the organization's stated goals.
Free assistance in preparing tax returns.
Free assistance in estate planning.
Solidary.
Material.
Purposive.
Party.
Concurrent.
Michael Moore.
Michael Jackson.
Ralph Nader.
Willie Robertson.
Gloria Steinem.
It is a widely shared demand for change.
It must have liberal goals.
It refers specifically to the political order.
It is a 20th Century phenomenon.
It can only take place when courts are open to the prospect of radical change in the law.
The 1984 Truth-in-Lobbying Act.
The open nature of the lobbying process.
Governmental regulatory agencies such as FTA.
The fear of losing legislator's trust and confidence.
The supervision of the federal courts.
Inform the general electorate of major issues.
Compare the performances of different legislators.
Provide a cover for illegal influence peddling.
Influence the behavior of legislators.
Guide administrative officers in the interpretation of federal regulations & statutes.
The National Organization for Women (NOW)
The National Rifle Association (NRA)
The Sierra Club
The NAACP
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
Corporate political action committee (PAC)
Labor PAC
Professional PAC
Ideological PAC
Legislative PAC
Access.
Veto power.
Procedural fairness.
Favorable implementation.
Sympathy in administrative hearings.
Entry-level jobs requiring little experience.
Agencies frequently reflect the view of interest groups which lobby them directly.
Administrations in which senior cabinet members serve very short terms.
Lobbyists waiting inside the door to speak to officials.
A departing government official joining a firm with which he or she had been doing business.
1st Amendment
4th Amendment
14th Amendment
22nd Amendment
None of the above.
Wait!
Here's an interesting quiz for you.