Animal Cells: Final Exam
There are a total of twenty questions on this exam, twelve multiple choice and eight True/False items. For the multiple choice items, choose the answer which best answers the question or completes the statement. For the True/False items select True if the statement is true, or False if the statement is incorrect. A total of forty minutes will be provided to complete the exam, and each question is worth ten points. A minimum score of 70% is required to pass the exam. There will be no talking allowed during the Read moretest. Good luck.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which organelle produces energy for the cell and is the area of cellular respiration?
- A.
Chlorophyll
- B.
Golgi complex
- C.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
D. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria is the correct answer because it is the organelle responsible for producing energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration. This process involves breaking down glucose and other molecules to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Mitochondria have an inner membrane that is specialized for this energy production, and they are found in most eukaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which organelle is responsible for producing lipids, membrane phospholipids, calcium concentration regulation?
- A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Golgi complex
- C.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for producing lipids, including membrane phospholipids. It also plays a role in regulating calcium concentration within the cell. The Golgi complex is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and is not directly involved in lipid production or calcium regulation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which organelle holds the cells genetic material and is in charge of cellular reproduction and growth?
- A.
Nucleolus
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus holds the cell's genetic material, which is responsible for controlling cellular reproduction and growth. It contains the DNA and RNA necessary for these processes. The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is involved in the production of ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. The other options, ribosome and rough endoplasmic reticulum, are involved in protein synthesis and transportation, respectively, but do not directly hold the cell's genetic material or have a primary role in cellular reproduction and growth.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which structure allows or denies the entry or exit of substances in and out of the cell?
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Cell membrane
- D.
Microtubules
Correct Answer
C. Cell membraneExplanation
The cell membrane is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This selective permeability is essential for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the internal environment of the cell. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A collective group of filaments which provides support for and helps the cell conserve its shape.
- A.
Cytoplasm c) Cytoskeleton
- B.
Centriole
- C.
Cytoskeleton
- D.
Cell membrane
Correct Answer
C. CytoskeletonExplanation
The cytoskeleton is a collective group of filaments within the cell that provides support and helps maintain the cell's shape. It is responsible for organizing the cell's internal structure and plays a crucial role in cell movement, division, and maintaining cell integrity. The cytoskeleton is composed of three main types of filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. These filaments work together to provide structural support and allow for cell motility and shape changes. Therefore, the cytoskeleton is the correct answer as it fits the description given in the question.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Cylindrical parts of DNA which compels bacteria to adapt
- A.
Pilus
- B.
Nucleoid
- C.
Ribosome
- D.
Plasmid
Correct Answer
D. PlasmidExplanation
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the bacterial chromosome. They can replicate independently and are often found in bacteria. Plasmids can carry genes that provide advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to break down certain substances. These genes can be transferred between bacteria through a process called horizontal gene transfer. Plasmids can therefore play a role in bacterial adaptation by providing the bacteria with new genetic material that allows them to survive and thrive in changing environments.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which Cellular component is accountable for protein synthesis from amino acids?
- A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Golgi Apparatus
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
B. RibosomeExplanation
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis from amino acids. They are small, spherical organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information in mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein. Thus, ribosomes play a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins within cells.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A jelly-like substance inside the cell where the cellular organelles are placed is known as the cytoplasm.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where the cellular organelles are located. It fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus, providing support and structure to the cell. It also serves as a medium for various cellular processes, such as metabolism and transportation of molecules. Therefore, the statement that a jelly-like substance inside the cell where the cellular organelles are placed is known as the cytoplasm is true.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The golgi apparatus is a membrane bound organelle that is filled with water, and functions in storing food and wastes that will soon be excreted out the cell.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The correct answer is vacuole. The golgi apparatus functions in producing the membrane of lysosome’s, and places proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles to be transported out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which cellular component metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids, works in detoxification, regulates the concentration of calcium, produces steroids and fats, and attaches receptors on the proteins of the cell membrane?
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Golgi Complex
- C.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- D.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer
D. Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumExplanation
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates and steroids, as well as detoxification processes. It also plays a role in regulating the concentration of calcium in the cell. Additionally, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces steroids and fats, and attaches receptors on the proteins of the cell membrane. Therefore, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the cellular component that performs all of these functions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which organelle contains enzymes that allow cellular digestion of nutrients to occur.
- A.
Vacuole
- B.
Lysosomes
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer
B. LysosomesExplanation
Lysosomes contain enzymes that enable the cellular digestion of nutrients to occur. These enzymes break down various molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, into smaller components that can be utilized by the cell. Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion of cellular waste materials, recycling of damaged organelles, and the destruction of pathogens. They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are essential for the overall functioning of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the phase in the reproduction of animals in which the sister chromatids separate?
- A.
Metaphase
- B.
Telophase
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Prophase
Correct Answer
C. AnaphaseExplanation
Anaphase is the phase in the reproduction of animals in which the sister chromatids separate. During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the sister chromatids shorten, pulling them apart and towards opposite ends of the cell. This ensures that each new daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This phase is characterized by the visible movement of the separated chromatids towards the poles of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Contains organelles that generates proteins intended for secretion and works together with the golgi apparatus in transporting new proteins to their desined location.
- A.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumExplanation
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis and packaging of proteins. It contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. The rough ER is involved in the production of proteins that are intended for secretion or for use in the cell membrane. It works together with the Golgi apparatus in transporting these newly synthesized proteins to their designated locations within the cell. The smooth ER, on the other hand, is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production in the cell and do not play a direct role in protein synthesis or secretion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An organelle which contains cytoplasmic granules with RNA, and is an area where protein synthesis occurs.
- A.
Golgi Apparatus
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
B. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They contain cytoplasmic granules with RNA, which are essential for the translation of genetic information into proteins. Ribosomes can be found either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in the production of proteins, which are essential for the functioning of cells and organisms.Rate this question:
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