Angina Pectoris By Rnpedia.Com

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is indeed a type of temporary chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. It is typically caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. This lack of blood flow can result in pain or discomfort in the chest area, often described as a squeezing or burning sensation. Angina is usually a symptom of an underlying heart condition, such as coronary artery disease, and can be triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress. Therefore, the given answer, True, accurately reflects the statement provided.

Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia.Atherosclerosis is an abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumens. Atheromas are fibrous caps composed of smooth muscle cells that form over lipid deposits within arterial vessels. Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.

The drug therapy targets for angina treatment are to improve myocardial perfusion and reduce metabolic demand. Angina is caused by an imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand in the heart. By improving myocardial perfusion, the drugs aim to increase blood flow to the heart muscle, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply. Additionally, by reducing metabolic demand, the drugs aim to decrease the workload of the heart, thus reducing the oxygen demand. This combination helps to alleviate the symptoms of angina and improve overall cardiac function.

The heart needs extra oxygen when someone smokes a cigarette, eats a heavy meal, runs up the stairs or engages in other physical activity. Someone with stable angina is more likely to experience chest pain during any of these activities.

The correct answer is "Improve myocardial perfusion; reduce metabolic demand." Angina is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Improving myocardial perfusion refers to increasing the blood flow to the heart muscle, which can be achieved through various medications that dilate the blood vessels. Reducing metabolic demand involves decreasing the workload on the heart by lowering heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. These approaches aim to relieve the symptoms of angina and improve the overall function of the heart.

Unstable angina is also called crescendo or pre-infarction angina and indicates the need for a change in treatment.

Unstable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries. In this case, the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a blood clot or thrombus on top of the plaque. This clot can partially or completely block the artery, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduced oxygen supply to the heart tissue causes unstable angina. While the clot may not always lead to complete occlusion, it can still cause significant narrowing of the artery and potentially result in a heart attack if not treated promptly.

The correct answer is "Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion". Organic nitrates have anti-anginal actions that include reducing oxygen consumption, redirecting blood flow to areas with inadequate blood supply (ischemic areas), relieving spasms in the coronary arteries, and improving overall blood flow to various organs in the body.

The correct answer is "Decrease O2 consumption; redistribution of coronary flow to ischemic areas; relief of coronary spasm; improve perfusion". Organic nitrates have anti-anginal actions that include decreasing oxygen consumption by the heart, redistributing coronary blood flow to areas with reduced blood supply (ischemic areas), relieving spasms in the coronary arteries, and improving blood flow to other organs.

Organic nitrates have the effect of vasodilation, which means they cause the relaxation and widening of blood vessels. Specifically, they cause dilation of large veins. This leads to a decrease in pre-load, which refers to the amount of blood that fills the heart during diastole. With decreased pre-load, the heart has less blood to pump out during systole, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

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Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischemia related to decreased coronary blood supply. Giving nitroglycerine will produce coronary vasodilation that improves the coronary blood flow in 3 – 5 mins. If the chest pain is unrelieved, after three tablets, there is a possibility of acute coronary occlusion that requires immediate medical attention.

Organic nitrates exert their effects by increasing the levels of PKG (protein kinase G) in the body. This increase in PKG leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle relaxation can occur in various tissues, including blood vessels, which results in vasodilation. This vasodilation helps to reduce the workload on the heart and improve blood flow, making organic nitrates effective in treating conditions such as angina.

Nitroglycerine: used in treatment of angina pectoris to reduce ischemia and relieve pain by decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption; dilates veins and arteries. Side effects: throbbing headache, flushing, hypotension, tachycardia. Nursing responsibilities: teach appropriate administration, storage, expected pain relief, side effects. Ointment applied to skin; sites rotated to avoid skin irritaion. Prolonged effect up to 24 hours.

Organic nitrates cause vasodilation, which means they relax and widen the blood vessels. Specifically, they dilate the large veins, leading to a decrease in pre-load. Pre-load refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart, so when it decreases, there is less blood filling the heart chambers during diastole. As a result, the cardiac output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, also decreases. Therefore, the correct answer states that organic nitrates cause vasodilation, resulting in decreased pre-load and decreased cardiac output.

Weight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output are secondary effects of right-sided heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is usually identified as a symptom of left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure causes primarily pulmonary symptoms rather than systemic ones. Angina pectoris doesn’t cause weight gain, nausea, or a decrease in urine output.

Unstable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which refers to the build-up of plaque in the arteries. In this case, the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) on top of the rupture. This thrombus can partially or completely block the blood flow in the artery, resulting in unstable angina. The word "often" suggests that complete occlusion may not always occur, but it is a common outcome.

Organic nitrates exert their effects by increasing PKG (protein kinase G) levels, which in turn causes relaxation of smooth muscle. This relaxation of smooth muscle leads to vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels. By dilating blood vessels, organic nitrates can improve blood flow and reduce the workload on the heart, making them useful in the treatment of conditions such as angina.