Coronary Artery Disease By Rnpedia

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  • 1/19 Questions

    Which is a symptom of coronary artery disease?

    • Headache
    • Sleep problems
    • Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
    • Diarrhea
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About This Quiz

The Coronary Artery Disease by RNpedia quiz assesses knowledge on modifiable risk factors, nutrition advice, complications with oxygen therapy, prevalence, and treatment procedures. It's designed to enhance understanding for individuals preparing for nursing or medical exams, focusing on key aspects of coronary artery disease management.

Coronary Artery Disease By Rnpedia - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following illnesses is the leading cause of death in the US? 

    • Cancer

    • Coronary artery disease

    • Liver failure

    • Renal failure

    Correct Answer
    A. Coronary artery disease
    Explanation
    Coronary artery disease accounts for over 50% of all deaths in the US. Cancer accounts for approximately 20%. Liver failure and renal failure account for less than 10% of all deaths in the US.

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  • 3. 

    There are a number of risk factors associated with coronary artery disease. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor? 

    • Obesity.

    • Heredity.

    • Gender.

    • Age.

    Correct Answer
    A. Obesity.
    Explanation
    Obesity is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease that can be modified by improved diet and weight loss. Family history of coronary artery disease, male gender, and advancing age increase risk but cannot be modified.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected? 

    • Cigarette smoking

    • DM

    • Heredity

    • HPN

    Correct Answer
    A. Heredity
    Explanation
    Because "heredity" refers to our genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior modification. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's diet, exercise, and medication can correct hypertension.

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  • 5. 

    Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?   

    • Plaques obstruct the vein

    • Plaques obstruct the artery

    • Blood clots form outside the vessel wall

    • Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through

    Correct Answer
    A. Plaques obstruct the artery
    Explanation
    Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients. Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels can't dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.

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  • 6. 

    One possible treatment for CAD is coronary angioplasty. What does it involve?

    • A new section of artery replaces the blocked section

    • A tiny balloon is inflated inside an artery

    • Medication is used to expand the artery

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A tiny balloon is inflated inside an artery
    Explanation
    It is also called balloon angioplasty. The balloon is placed in the artery by means of a fine tube called a catheter. The catheter usually is inserted into a blood vessel in an elbow or groin and travels to the heart. Once the end of the catheter reaches the blockage, the balloon is inflated and deflated several times to push the plaque against the artery wall and open and stretch the artery, the NHLBI says. This stretching helps improve the flow of blood through the artery. A variation on this procedure uses a laser instead of a balloon. The laser vaporizes plaque in an artery. Laser angioplasty has been used alone and along with balloon angioplasty. Because of advances in other techniques, however, it is not used as often. Angioplasty also can be used to open an artery in an arm, leg or neck. There are several benefits to angioplasty. It opens up an artery without the risks associated with major surgery. It retains the original artery instead of replacing it, as is done in bypass surgery. And it does not require general anesthesia.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD? 

    • Atherosclerosis

    • DM

    • MI

    • Renal failure

    Correct Answer
    A. Atherosclerosis
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD. DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn't the most common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD.

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  • 8. 

    Which procedure or test is used to diagnose CAD?  

    • Electrocardiogram

    • Treadmill stress test

    • Cardiac catheterization

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows the heart's electrical activity. An ECG is used to find out if a heart attack has occurred. It also shows which parts of the heart muscle may not be getting enough blood. The treadmill stress test also helps determine how blood is flowing through your arteries. It shows how your heart and body respond electrically during exercise. A radioactive dye may be injected into your bloodstream so that an X-ray camera can see the blood flow during the test. The main tool for diagnosing coronary artery disease, however, is cardiac catheterization and angiography. A dye is injected through a catheter placed in the coronary arteries and an X-ray is taken of the outline of the artery. This test can pinpoint where the arteries are narrowed or even blocked. CAD may be diagnosed using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac computed tomography, which uses an X-ray machine to take detailed pictures of the heart.

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  • 9. 

    Exceeding which of the following serum cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease? 

    • 100 mg/dl

    • 150 mg/dl

    • 175 mg/dl

    • 200 mg/dl

    Correct Answer
    A. 200 mg/dl
    Explanation
    Cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl are considered excessive. They require dietary restriction and perhaps medication. Exercise also helps reduce cholesterol levels. The other levels listed are all below the nationally accepted levels for cholesterol and carry a lesser risk for CAD.

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  • 10. 

    Preventable factors that increase the risk of CAD include:

    • High blood cholesterol levels

    • Use of personal protective equipment

    • Cigarette smoking

    • Obesity

    • Exposure to polyacrylamide

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. High blood cholesterol levels
    A. Cigarette smoking
    A. Obesity
    Explanation
    The answer includes the factors that have been identified as preventable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). High blood cholesterol levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to CAD. Cigarette smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of developing CAD. Obesity is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes, which increase the likelihood of CAD. Therefore, the answer accurately identifies the preventable factors that increase the risk of CAD.

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  • 11. 

    A male client admitted to an acute care facility with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen, 2 L/minute via nasal cannula. The client’s history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. Because of these history findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client’s respiratory status. Which complication may arise if the client receives a high oxygen concentration?

    • Apnea

    • Anginal pain

    • Respiratory alkalosis

    • Metabolic acidosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Apnea
    Explanation
    Hypoxia is the main breathing stimulus for a client with COPD. Excessive oxygen administration may lead to apnea by removing that stimulus. Anginal pain results from a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. A client with COPD may have anginal pain from generalized vasoconstriction secondary to hypoxia; however, administering oxygen at any concentration dilates blood vessels, easing anginal pain. Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation, not excessive oxygen administration. In a client with COPD, high oxygen concentrations decrease the ventilatory drive, leading to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. High oxygen concentrations don’t cause metabolic acidosis.

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  • 12. 

    A client with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen, 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The client’s history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. Because of these findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client’s respiratory status. Which complication may arise if the client receives a high oxygen concentration?

    • Apnea

    • Anginal pain

    • Respiratory alkalosis

    • Metabolic acidosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Apnea
    Explanation
    Hypoxia is the main breathing stimulus for a client with COPD. Excessive oxygen administration may lead to apnea by removing that stimulus. Anginal pain results from a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. A client with COPD may have anginal pain from generalized vasoconstriction secondary to hypoxia; however, administering oxygen at any concentration dilates blood vessels, easing anginal pain. Respiratory alkalosis results from alveolar hyperventilation, not excessive oxygen administration. In a client with COPD, high oxygen concentrations decrease the ventilatory drive, leading to respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. High oxygen concentrations don’t cause metabolic acidosis.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following actions is the first priority care for a client exhibiting signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease? 

    • Decrease anxiety

    • Enhance myocardial oxygenation

    • Administer sublignual nitroglycerin

    • Educate the client about his symptoms

    Correct Answer
    A. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
    Explanation
    Enhancing mocardial oxygenation is always the first priority when a client exhibits signs and symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium suffers damage. Sublingual nitorglycerin is administered to treat acute angina, but its administration isn't the first priority. Although educating the client and decreasing anxiety are important in care delivery, nether are priorities when a client is compromised.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following diagnostic tools is most commonly used to determine the location of myocardial damage?   

    • Cardiac catheterization

    • Cardiac enzymes

    • Echocardiogram

    • Electrocardiogram

    Correct Answer
    A. Electrocardiogram
    Explanation
    The ECG is the quickest, most accurate, and most widely used tool to determine the location of myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzymes are used to diagnose MI but can’t determine the location. An echocardiogram is used most widely to view myocardial wall function after an MI has been diagnosed. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive study for determining coronary artery disease and may also indicate the location of myocardial damage, but the study may not be performed immediately.

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  • 15. 

    Women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events for their gender.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because it states that women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events for their gender. However, there is no evidence or data provided to support this claim. Without any supporting information, it is not possible to conclude that women in the lower socioeconomic group have the highest contribution to CAD related events. Therefore, the statement is false.

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  • 16. 

    When teaching a client with coronary artery disease about nutrition, the nurse should emphasize

    • Eating 3 balanced meals a day

    • Adding complex carbohydrates

    • Avoiding very heavy meals

    • Limiting sodium to 7 gms per day

    Correct Answer
    A. Avoiding very heavy meals
    Explanation
    Avoiding very heavy meals eating large, heavy meals can pull blood away from the heart for digestion and is dangerous for the client with coronary artery disease.

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  • 17. 

    Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following procedures? 

    • Cardiac catheterization

    • Coronary artery bypass surgery

    • Oral medication administration

    • Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

    Correct Answer
    A. Oral medication administration
    Explanation
    Oral medication administration is a noninvasive, medical treatment for coronary artery disease. Cardiac catheterization isn't a treatment but a diagnostic tool. Coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are invasive, surgical treatments.

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  • 18. 

    Prolonged occlusion of the right coronary artery produces an infarction in which of he following areas of the heart? 

    • Anterior

    • Apical

    • Inferior

    • Lateral

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior
    Explanation
    The right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle, or the inferior portion of the heart. Therefore, prolonged occlusion could produce an infarction in that area. The right coronary artery doesn't supply the anterior portion ( left ventricle ), lateral portion ( some of the left ventricle and the left atrium ), or the apical portion ( left ventricle ) of the heart.

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  • Sep 18, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 18, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    RNpedia.com
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