Anatomy And Physiology: The Heart Pt. 2
The Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Cardiac Disease, Exercise
- 1.How does the heart change pressure in order to produce flow?
- A.
By repolarizing to increase pressure in a chamber
- B.
By relaxing to decrease pressure in a chamber
- C.
By contracting to increase pressure in a chamber
- D.
By depolarizing to decrease pressure in a chamber
- 2.How are flow and pressure related?
- A.
Flow will increase if the difference in pressure between two points decreases
- B.
Flow will increase if the difference in pressure between two points increases
- C.
Flow will go backwards if there is no difference in pressure between two points
- D.
If flow between two points increases, then the difference in pressure will increase
- 3.Clogged arteries may cause reduced flow of blood from the heart. Why wold there be less flow?
- A.
Because it increases afterload
- B.
Because it decreases resistance
- C.
Because it decreases preload
- D.
Because it increases contractility
- 4.Which of the following will cause the aortic semilunar valve to close?
- A.
When pressure in the left ventricule is higher than pressure in the left atrium
- B.
When pressure in the aorta is higher than pressure in the left ventricle
- C.
When pressure in the left ventricle is higher than pressure in the aorta
- D.
When pressure in the left atrium is higher than pressure in the aorta
- 5.Which of the following is associated with the second heart sound?
- A.
Depolarization of the atria
- B.
Closing of the atriventricular valves
- C.
The rush of blood from the atria to the ventricles
- D.
Pressure in the ventricles become lower than pressure in the great arteries
- 6.Which of the following will happen first as the ventricles begin to contract?
- A.
Semilunar valves will close
- B.
Atriventricular valves will open
- C.
Semilunar valves will open
- D.
Atrioventricular valves will close
- 7.What do isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation have in common?
- A.
The semilunar valves are closed
- B.
The volume of blood in the ventricles remains the same
- C.
The atrioventricular valves are closed
- D.
All of the above
- 8.The semilunar valves are open, and the ventricles are contracting. What phase of the cardiac cycle is this?
- A.
Isovolumetric relaxation
- B.
Rapid ventricular filling
- C.
Ventricular ejection (systole)
- D.
Isovolumetric contraction
- 9.Which of the following is occuring at the same time that depolarization is spreading through the AV Node?
- A.
Ventricles are contracting
- B.
Atria are contracting
- C.
Ventricles are relaxing
- D.
Atria are relaxing
- 10.At which of the following points do the ventricles have the smallest volume of blood?
- A.
At the end of isovolumetric relaxtion
- B.
At the end of rapid ventricular filling
- C.
At the beginning of ventricular ejection
- D.
At the end of isovolumetric contraction
- 11.Which of the following statements about the cardiac output (CO) are true?
- A.
CO is a measure of how much blood the heart pumps in one minute
- B.
SV x HR = CO
- C.
CO increases in exercise due to increases in both SV and HR
- D.
All of the above
- 12.If the right ventricle had lower output than the left, which of the following would result?
- A.
Systemic edema
- B.
Increased afterload for right ventricle
- C.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
- D.
All of the above
- 13.Cor pulmonale is a type of _______ that originates from obstruction in the pulmonary circulation.
- A.
Angina pectoris
- B.
Congestive heart failure
- C.
Myocardial infarction
- D.
Atherosclerosis
- 14.Which of the following would definitely cause a decrease in cardiac output?
- A.
An increase in heart rate with no change in stroke volume
- B.
A decrease in stroke volume with no change in heart rate
- C.
An increase in stroke volume with a decrease in heart rate
- D.
An increase in stroke volume with no change in heart rate
- 15.If venous return decreased, which of the follwing would likely happen as a result?
- A.
Afterload would increase
- B.
The ventricles would contract more forcefully
- C.
The ventricles would contract less forcefully
- D.
Preload would increase
- 16.Which of the following is an example of postive feedback in the circulatory system?
- A.
When blood pressure drops, the heart is stimulated to increase cardiac output and restore pressure.
- B.
If more blood enters the ventricles, then the ventricles will pump out more blood.
- C.
After depolarizing, cardiac myocytes repolarize (or return to the resting membrane potential)
- D.
Unbalanced ventricular output leads to failure of one side of the heart, followed by failure of the other side of the heart.
- 17.If blood pressure in the aorta or caotid arteries suddenly increased, how would the baroreflex restore blood pressure?
- A.
It would increase heart rate
- B.
It would decrease heart rate
- C.
It would increase stroke volume
- D.
It would decrease stroke volume
- 18.Which of the following statements is true regarding central regulation of heart rate (HR)?
- A.
The cardioinhibitory center increases HR through parasympathetic neurons that release ACh and hyperpolarize the SA node.
- B.
The cardioacceleratory center decreases HR through sympathetic neurons that release norepinephrine and bind to B-receptors
- C.
Patients with weak hearts are comtimes given drugs called B-Blockers which prevents sympathetic stimulation of HR.
- D.
All of the above are true
- 19.Which of the following influence stroke volume?
- A.
End of systolic volume
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Contractility
- D.
Heart rate
- 20.Which of the following decreases stroke volume?
- A.
Increased afterload
- B.
Increased heart rate
- C.
Decreased preload
- D.
Increased contractility
- 21.You have a patient whose heart cannot generate sufficient force during contraction. You have a range of drugs to choose from, but in general, you know that you want a drug that:
- A.
Increases intracellular Ca2+
- B.
Increases intracellular K+
- C.
Decreases extracellular Na+
- D.
Is negative chronotropic
- 22.Hypertension is an example of:
- A.
Increased contractility
- B.
Increased preload
- C.
Increased afterload
- D.
Decreased afterload
- 23.The volume of blood ejected by the ventricle during one cardiac cycle is called:
- A.
End of systolic volume
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
End of diastolic volume
- D.
Stroke volume
- 24.Which of the following decreases afterload?
- A.
Increased venous return
- B.
Hypotension
- C.
Hyperkalemia
- D.
All of the above
- 25.Which of the following is a long-term adjustment to exercise that you might expect to see in an athlete?
- A.
Lower stroke volume
- B.
Ventricular hypertrophy
- C.
Higher resting heart rate
- D.
All of the above
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