The Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Cardiac Disease, Exercise
By repolarizing to increase pressure in a chamber
By relaxing to decrease pressure in a chamber
By contracting to increase pressure in a chamber
By depolarizing to decrease pressure in a chamber
Flow will increase if the difference in pressure between two points decreases
Flow will increase if the difference in pressure between two points increases
Flow will go backwards if there is no difference in pressure between two points
If flow between two points increases, then the difference in pressure will increase
Because it increases afterload
Because it decreases resistance
Because it decreases preload
Because it increases contractility
When pressure in the left ventricule is higher than pressure in the left atrium
When pressure in the aorta is higher than pressure in the left ventricle
When pressure in the left ventricle is higher than pressure in the aorta
When pressure in the left atrium is higher than pressure in the aorta
Depolarization of the atria
Closing of the atriventricular valves
The rush of blood from the atria to the ventricles
Pressure in the ventricles become lower than pressure in the great arteries
Semilunar valves will close
Atriventricular valves will open
Semilunar valves will open
Atrioventricular valves will close
The semilunar valves are closed
The volume of blood in the ventricles remains the same
The atrioventricular valves are closed
All of the above
Isovolumetric relaxation
Rapid ventricular filling
Ventricular ejection (systole)
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricles are contracting
Atria are contracting
Ventricles are relaxing
Atria are relaxing
At the end of isovolumetric relaxtion
At the end of rapid ventricular filling
At the beginning of ventricular ejection
At the end of isovolumetric contraction
CO is a measure of how much blood the heart pumps in one minute
SV x HR = CO
CO increases in exercise due to increases in both SV and HR
All of the above
Systemic edema
Increased afterload for right ventricle
Right ventricular hypertrophy
All of the above
Angina pectoris
Congestive heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Atherosclerosis
An increase in heart rate with no change in stroke volume
A decrease in stroke volume with no change in heart rate
An increase in stroke volume with a decrease in heart rate
An increase in stroke volume with no change in heart rate
Afterload would increase
The ventricles would contract more forcefully
The ventricles would contract less forcefully
Preload would increase
When blood pressure drops, the heart is stimulated to increase cardiac output and restore pressure.
If more blood enters the ventricles, then the ventricles will pump out more blood.
After depolarizing, cardiac myocytes repolarize (or return to the resting membrane potential)
Unbalanced ventricular output leads to failure of one side of the heart, followed by failure of the other side of the heart.
It would increase heart rate
It would decrease heart rate
It would increase stroke volume
It would decrease stroke volume
The cardioinhibitory center increases HR through parasympathetic neurons that release ACh and hyperpolarize the SA node.
The cardioacceleratory center decreases HR through sympathetic neurons that release norepinephrine and bind to B-receptors
Patients with weak hearts are comtimes given drugs called B-Blockers which prevents sympathetic stimulation of HR.
All of the above are true
End of systolic volume
Cardiac output
Contractility
Heart rate
Increased afterload
Increased heart rate
Decreased preload
Increased contractility
Increases intracellular Ca2+
Increases intracellular K+
Decreases extracellular Na+
Is negative chronotropic
Increased contractility
Increased preload
Increased afterload
Decreased afterload
End of systolic volume
Cardiac output
End of diastolic volume
Stroke volume
Increased venous return
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
All of the above
Lower stroke volume
Ventricular hypertrophy
Higher resting heart rate
All of the above