American History II Exam Review 1

The correct answer is developing the atomic bomb. The scientists working on the Manhattan Project during World War II were responsible for developing the atomic bomb. This project was a top-secret research and development program aimed at creating a nuclear weapon. The scientists, led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, successfully developed and tested the atomic bomb, which ultimately led to its use in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. The Manhattan Project played a crucial role in the development of nuclear weapons and had a significant impact on the outcome of World War II.

The correct answer is communities in the suburbs. The passage of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 led to the construction of a vast network of highways, making it easier for people to commute from urban areas to the suburbs. This resulted in the growth and expansion of communities in the suburbs as more people chose to live outside of the city and commute to work. The highways provided convenient access to suburban areas, leading to increased development, housing, and population in these communities.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 significantly changed United States policy toward nations involved in World War II because it supplied war materials to Allied nations without a declaration of war. This act allowed the United States to provide military aid to countries fighting against the Axis powers, such as Great Britain and the Soviet Union, without officially entering the war. By doing so, the United States was able to support its allies and contribute to the war effort without directly engaging in combat. This marked a shift in policy and demonstrated the United States' commitment to supporting the Allied cause.

The Homestead Act and grants of land to railroads were used to encourage settlement of the West. The Homestead Act provided free land to settlers who were willing to develop and improve the land for a specified period of time. This encouraged people to move westward and establish farms and communities. Grants of land to railroads also played a role in encouraging settlement by providing transportation infrastructure and making it easier for people to access and settle in the western territories.

The 24th amendment banning poll taxes and the 1965 Voting Rights Act were both aimed at addressing discriminatory voting practices against African Americans. The poll taxes were used as a means to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring them to pay a fee, which many could not afford. The Voting Rights Act further aimed to eliminate any remaining discriminatory practices, such as literacy tests or intimidation tactics, that were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote. Therefore, the correct answer is the elimination of discriminatory voting practices against African Americans.

The correct answer is Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was a New Deal agency established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. Its primary goal was to provide employment opportunities to millions of Americans during the Great Depression. The agency focused on creating jobs in various sectors such as construction, infrastructure development, and arts. Through its various projects, the WPA aimed to stimulate economic growth and alleviate unemployment by putting people to work.

The "separate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the legality of racial segregation in public facilities. This doctrine allowed for the segregation of public facilities such as schools, transportation, and public accommodations, as long as they were deemed to be "equal" in quality. This decision had a significant impact on the civil rights movement and contributed to the perpetuation of racial inequality and discrimination in the United States.

The purpose of Executive Order 9981, issued by President Harry Truman, was to end racial segregation in the military. This order aimed to ensure equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services, regardless of their race, color, religion, or national origin. It sought to eliminate discriminatory practices and promote integration within the military, allowing individuals of all backgrounds to serve together and have equal access to opportunities within the armed forces.

In this excerpt, Secretary of State George Marshall is identifying the need to provide economic assistance to struggling European nations. He mentions that Europe's requirements for foreign food and essential products are greater than their ability to pay, which could lead to economic, social, and political deterioration. Therefore, he suggests that substantial additional help is needed to prevent these negative consequences.

The correct answer for this question is "social and political equality". In the poem "Harlem", Langston Hughes explores the consequences of delaying or denying the dreams and aspirations of African Americans. The phrase "dream deferred" symbolizes the hopes and desires of African Americans for social and political equality. The poem raises questions about the potential outcomes of suppressing these dreams, such as whether they will dry up, fester, stink, crust over, sag, or explode. Overall, the poem highlights the importance of addressing the aspirations and rights of African Americans in achieving social and political equality.

In the late 19th century, few restrictions were placed on immigration to the United States primarily because immigrants would work for low wages. This means that they were willing to accept lower pay for their labor, which was attractive to employers looking to cut costs. As a result, there was little opposition from citizens to restrict immigration, as it benefited the economy by providing a cheap labor force.

During the period from 1870 to 1900, business leaders in the United States sought to achieve their goals of increasing productivity, maximizing profits, and reducing costs by implementing the strategy of reducing competition through the formation of trusts. By creating trusts, businesses were able to consolidate their power and control over the market, effectively eliminating competition and creating monopolies. This allowed them to manipulate prices, control production, and ultimately increase their profits.

President Theodore Roosevelt was called a trustbuster because he supported legal action against business monopolies. During his presidency, Roosevelt actively enforced antitrust laws and took legal action against several large corporations that were engaging in unfair business practices and monopolistic behavior. He believed that these monopolies were detrimental to the economy and the welfare of the American people. By supporting legal action against business monopolies, Roosevelt aimed to promote fair competition and protect the interests of consumers.

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, was passed in 1935 to support organized labor. It did not mandate government control over industry or require all workers to join unions. Instead, the act guaranteed workers the right to engage in collective bargaining. This meant that workers had the right to negotiate with their employers as a group, giving them more power and leverage in employment negotiations. The act also established the National Labor Relations Board to enforce these rights and protect workers from unfair labor practices.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan in 1907 both demonstrate the role of nativism in the development of United States policies. These acts were implemented due to the growing fear and hostility towards immigrants from Asia, particularly China and Japan, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nativism, which is the belief in protecting the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants, influenced these policies that aimed to restrict and limit the entry of Asian immigrants into the United States.

The correct answer is collective bargaining to reach agreements on wages and hours. This proposal aligns with the goals of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) under the leadership of Samuel Gompers. The AFL focused on improving the working conditions and wages of skilled workers through collective bargaining, which is the process of negotiation between employers and labor unions to determine terms and conditions of employment. This approach allowed the union to have a voice in determining fair wages and reasonable working hours for its members, which was a key objective of the AFL.

The Great Migration of African Americans between 1915 and 1930 refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities. During this time, many African Americans sought better economic opportunities and an escape from racial discrimination and violence in the South. They migrated to cities like Chicago, Detroit, and New York in search of jobs in industries such as manufacturing and transportation. This migration had a significant impact on the demographic, social, and cultural landscape of both the rural South and northern cities.

Social Darwinism was a concept used in the late 1800s to justify the accumulation of great wealth and economic power. It was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest. Social Darwinism argued that wealthy individuals and powerful businesses were simply the result of natural competition and were therefore superior to others. This ideology provided a justification for the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few, as it portrayed it as a natural and inevitable outcome of societal progress.

The Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s brought about advancements in technology and machinery, which allowed for increased efficiency and productivity in agriculture. As a result, farmers were able to produce more crops with less labor, leading to a decrease in the need for large farms. With the introduction of new farming techniques and machinery, smaller farms were able to compete with larger ones, causing a decrease in the average size of farms in the United States.

In the mid-1930s, the federal government took the action of allowing only the United States Navy to deliver military goods overseas. This action was taken in an attempt to avoid the situations that drew the United States into World War I. By controlling the delivery of military goods, the government hoped to limit the involvement of the United States in international conflicts and maintain a policy of neutrality. This measure aimed to prevent the United States from being drawn into another world war.