Pharma Online Quiz - Oct'18

The correct answer is "Delicious Orange" because it states the specific flavor of the Clavpod DS. This indicates that the Clavpod DS has an orange flavor that is described as delicious.

Pneumonia refers to an infection in the lungs. It is a condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the air sacs in one or both lungs, usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and fatigue. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and promote recovery.

Clavpod has a lower MIC90 (minimum inhibitory concentration) against H influenzae compared to Co-amoxyclav. This means that Clavpod is more effective in inhibiting the growth of H influenzae bacteria than Co-amoxyclav.

The correct answer is a) Delicious Pineapple & Alphonso Mango. This is because the question is asking for the flavor of Alkel, and the answer options provide different combinations of flavors. Option a) includes both Pineapple and Alphonso Mango, which suggests that the flavor of Alkel is a combination of these two fruits.

The correct answer is d) Disodium Hydrogen Citrate -1.37gm/5ml. This is the correct composition of Alkel, as stated in the options. The other options have different quantities or concentrations of Disodium Hydrogen Citrate, which do not match the given composition.

Ambroxol is classified as a mucolytic agent because it helps to break down and thin mucus in the respiratory tract. It works by increasing the production of a substance called surfactant, which helps to reduce the viscosity of mucus. This makes it easier for the mucus to be expelled from the lungs through coughing or clearing the throat. Mucolytic agents like ambroxol are commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. They can help to relieve symptoms such as coughing and difficulty breathing by making it easier for the patient to clear their airways.

Parietal cells are the cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL). HCL plays a crucial role in the digestion process by breaking down food and killing bacteria in the stomach. These cells are located in the lining of the stomach and are responsible for maintaining the acidic environment necessary for proper digestion.

Azithromycin is a type of antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide class. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosome, which is the site where proteins are produced in bacterial cells. By interfering with this process, azithromycin prevents the bacteria from producing essential proteins that are necessary for their survival and growth. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of bacterial growth and the elimination of the infection.

Levocetirizine in L-Cetiriz has several benefits compared to other antihistaminic drugs. Firstly, it has high bio-availability, meaning that a larger amount of the drug is able to enter the bloodstream and exert its effects. Secondly, it has a rapid onset of action, meaning that it starts working quickly to relieve symptoms. Lastly, it is physically limited from the central nervous system by the blood-brain barrier at therapeutic doses, which can help reduce the risk of sedation or drowsiness. Therefore, all of the above benefits make Levocetirizine in L-Cetiriz a favorable choice among antihistaminic drugs.

New Totalderm contains Beclomethasone dipropionate at a concentration of 0.025% w/w, Clotrimazole at a concentration of 1% w/w, and Neomycin Sulphate at a concentration of 0.5% w/w.

Azithromycin is derived from erythromycin because both drugs belong to the same class of antibiotics called macrolides. Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin, meaning it is chemically modified from erythromycin to improve its properties such as better absorption, longer half-life, and increased activity against certain bacteria. This modification allows azithromycin to be more effective and have a broader spectrum of activity compared to erythromycin.

The alveoli are tiny air sacs located in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. They are surrounded by capillaries, allowing for the diffusion of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries. This process is known as gaseous exchange and is essential for respiration. Therefore, option c) is the correct answer as it accurately describes one of the important functions of the alveoli.

Guaiphenesin is classified as a mucokinetic agent. Mucokinetic agents help to thin and loosen mucus in the respiratory tract, making it easier to cough up and clear from the airways. This can be beneficial for individuals with conditions such as bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where there is an excessive production of thick mucus. By promoting the clearance of mucus, mucokinetic agents can help to improve breathing and reduce symptoms of congestion and coughing.

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits both topoisomerase and DNA gyrase. Topoisomerase and DNA gyrase are enzymes that are involved in the replication and repair of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting these enzymes, ciprofloxacin prevents the bacteria from properly replicating their DNA, leading to the inhibition of bacterial growth and the eventual death of the bacteria. This mode of action makes ciprofloxacin an effective treatment for a wide range of bacterial infections.

Ciprofloxacin in Alcipro belongs to the 2nd generation of Quinolones. Quinolones are a class of antibiotics that inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme, preventing DNA replication and ultimately killing the bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria. The 2nd generation of Quinolones, including Ciprofloxacin, was developed to improve upon the effectiveness and spectrum of activity of the 1st generation. They have a broader spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria and increased potency against certain gram-positive bacteria.

The correct answer is d) All of the above. This means that Alcipro has multiple unique selling points. It is effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, making it a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is also effective in treating dental infections. Additionally, it is convenient for switch over therapy, meaning it can be administered both through injections and orally. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the USP of Alcipro.

Clavpod has a lower MIC 90 (minimum inhibitory concentration) against H influenzae compared to Co amoxyclav. The MIC 90 value for Clavpod is 2 mg/ml, while the MIC 90 value for Co amoxyclav is 0.25 mg/ml. This means that Clavpod is more effective in inhibiting the growth of H influenzae at a lower concentration compared to Co amoxyclav.

Approximately 40-50% of an orally administered dose of Alcipro is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug.

The bioavailability of Levocetirizine in L-Cetiriz is 70%. This means that when L-Cetiriz is taken orally, only 70% of the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream and is available for the body to use. The remaining 30% is either excreted or metabolized before it can be utilized.

Cetirizine in Cetiriz is a 2nd generation of antihistamine drug.