ALE Day 2 Bu-bt Part 2 Of 5

A cooling tower is typically located on the roof deck of a building. This placement allows for efficient heat dissipation as the tower can take advantage of the open space and unrestricted airflow. Additionally, locating the cooling tower on the roof deck helps to minimize noise and visual impact on the building's occupants. The elevated position also facilitates easy access for maintenance and repairs.

Chalking is a common paint film defect characterized by progressive powdering from the surface inward. This occurs when the paint deteriorates due to exposure to the elements, such as sunlight and moisture. Over time, the paint loses its binding properties, resulting in a chalky residue on the surface. This defect is often seen on exterior surfaces and can be remedied by thoroughly cleaning the surface and applying a fresh coat of paint.

Honeycomb is due to non-reaching of concrete to all places due to which cavities and hallow pockets are created, main reasons are:

1) Improper vibration during concrete.

2) Less cover to reinforcement bars

3) Use of very stiff concrete (this can be avoided by controlling water as per slump test).

4) Places like junction of beam to beam to column and to one or more beams are the typical spots where honey combs are observed. This is due to jumbling of reinforcement of beams and column rods at one place; special attention is required at such place during concreting and vibrating.

5) Presence of more percentage of bigger size of aggregate in concrete also prevents concrete to fill narrow spaces between the reinforcement rods.

The air curtain is installed and located at the building's entry/exit to maintain the cooling system inside a room. By creating a barrier of air, the air curtain helps to prevent the exchange of air between the inside and outside of the room, thus minimizing the loss of cool air from the room. This helps to maintain a consistent and efficient cooling system inside the room, ensuring a comfortable environment for occupants and reducing energy consumption.

A column that is not aligned to a lower floor column is called "Planted". This implies that the column is firmly fixed or rooted in place, suggesting that it is stable and not subject to movement or misalignment. The term "Planted" indicates that the column is securely positioned and provides structural support without any deviation or misalignment.

A butterfly valve is a type of valve that is used to regulate or control the flow of a fluid. It is characterized by a disc or plate that rotates around a shaft in the center of the valve body. When the disc is rotated to a certain angle, it allows the fluid to flow through the valve, and when it is rotated to another angle, it restricts or stops the flow. This type of valve is commonly used in applications where a tight shut-off is not required, and it is often used in HVAC systems, water treatment plants, and industrial processes.

The correct answer is 250 sqmm. This answer is determined by the given information that the wire is equivalent to 500 MCM. MCM stands for thousand circular mils, which is a unit used to measure the cross-sectional area of a wire. To convert MCM to square millimeters, a conversion factor is used. The conversion factor for MCM to sqmm is approximately 0.5067. Therefore, 500 MCM is equivalent to 250 sqmm.

A "battery of fixtures" refers to a group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures that discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch. This term is commonly used in plumbing to describe a cluster of fixtures, such as sinks or toilets, that are connected to the same drainage system. The fixtures in a battery are typically located close to each other and share the same waste pipe, allowing for efficient drainage and plumbing installation.

A plain miter is a type of wood end joint where both pieces of wood are cut at equal angles diagonally. This joint is commonly used in woodworking to create a clean and seamless corner joint. It is often used in picture frames, molding, and other decorative applications where a neat and precise joint is desired. The plain miter joint provides a strong and visually appealing connection between two pieces of wood.

Pre-tensioning is a type of pre-stressing in which tension is applied to the steel reinforcement before the concrete is poured. This is achieved by stretching the steel cables or bars and anchoring them to the formwork. The tension in the steel is then transferred to the concrete when it is poured, resulting in compression in the concrete and increased strength. Pre-tensioning is commonly used in the construction of beams, slabs, and other structural elements where high strength and durability are required.

Infrared flame detectors are an alternative type of flame detector to ultraviolet detectors. Infrared detectors work by detecting the infrared radiation emitted by flames. They are able to detect a wider range of flames compared to ultraviolet detectors, as they are not limited to detecting only the ultraviolet light emitted by flames. Infrared detectors are commonly used in industrial settings and are particularly effective at detecting hydrocarbon-based fires.

The installation of CWL roughing-in of the plumbing system is done before the installation of the sanitary roughing-in. This is because the sanitary roughing-in involves the installation of fixtures such as toilets, sinks, and showers, which require connections to the plumbing system. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the plumbing roughing-in first in order to provide the necessary infrastructure for the sanitary fixtures to be installed.

The unit for measuring the illumination of light is lux. Lux is defined as one lumen per square meter. It is a measure of the amount of light that falls on a given surface area. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 lumen per sqm.

To reduce sound transmission when locating air conditioning equipment on upper floors, the best recommendation is to use vibration isolators. Vibration isolators are designed to absorb and dampen vibrations, preventing them from transferring to the surrounding structure. This helps to minimize noise transmission and ensures that the vibrations generated by the equipment do not travel through the building, reducing the overall noise level. Using rubber matting, concrete pads, or carpets may provide some level of sound insulation, but vibration isolators specifically target and address the issue of vibrations, making them the most effective solution in this scenario.

See NSCP 407.7.6.3

The strength of concrete is dependent on the amount of cement used. Cement is a key ingredient in concrete and plays a vital role in its strength and durability. It acts as a binder, holding the other components together. The chemical reaction that occurs between cement and water, known as hydration, forms a solid matrix that gives concrete its strength. The more cement used, the stronger the concrete will be. Therefore, the amount of cement is a crucial factor in determining the strength of concrete.

For a fully supported beam with a uniformly distributed load, the inflection point would be in the center of the beam. Inflection points are by definition points of zero moment or places where deflection goes from positive to negative.

Metal Halide is a suitable lighting option for outdoor signages because it provides a bright and white light, making the signage more visible and attractive. Metal Halide lamps have a high color rendering index (CRI), which means they accurately display the colors of the signage. Additionally, Metal Halide lamps have a longer lifespan compared to other options like HPS or LPS, making them a more durable choice for outdoor applications.

HPS (High Pressure Sodium) lamps are commonly used for roadways and sidewalks because they emit a bright yellow light that enhances visibility. These lamps contain sodium gas, which when heated, produces a high-intensity light. The yellow light helps to improve contrast and visibility during nighttime driving, making it safer for pedestrians and motorists. Additionally, HPS lamps have a longer lifespan and higher energy efficiency compared to other options like LPS (Low Pressure Sodium) or Mercury lamps. Metal Halide lamps are also used for outdoor lighting, but they produce a different color spectrum and are not as commonly used for roadways.

When there's a need to offset the alignment of other utility systems, the total developed length of a pipeline is being applied. This means that the length of the pipeline is being adjusted to accommodate the offset in the alignment of other utility systems. This could be necessary to avoid any conflicts or interference between the pipeline and other utility systems.

A busway is an approved assembly of insulated conductors with fitting and conductor terminations in a completely enclosed ventilated protective metal housing. It is designed to carry fault current and withstand the magnetic forces of such current. A busway is commonly used in electrical power distribution systems to efficiently and safely distribute electricity to various loads. It provides a reliable and flexible solution for distributing power in commercial and industrial buildings.

Polymer is the correct answer because it is a substance that can be mixed with marble dust to create a hardener mixture. This mixture is commonly used to fill up the gaps between marble slabs during the installation of floor or wall finishes. Polymers have adhesive properties and can bond well with marble, providing a strong and durable solution for filling gaps and ensuring a smooth and seamless finish.

The minimum gauge of galvanized sheet used for downspouts is 24. This means that the sheet metal used for downspouts should have a thickness of at least 24 gauge. A higher gauge number indicates a thinner sheet, so a lower gauge number would not meet the minimum requirement for durability and strength in downspouts.

Bars are measured in eights of an inch. A number 8 bar is 8/8 or 1"or equivalent to 25mm

A Z-Bar is a type of steel window section that is commonly used for muntins. Muntins are the horizontal or vertical bars that divide a window into smaller panes. The Z-Bar shape provides strength and stability to the muntins, allowing them to support the weight of the glass and maintain the structural integrity of the window. This makes the Z-Bar a suitable choice for constructing muntins in steel windows. Flat Bar, I-Bar, and T-Bar are not specifically designed for muntins and may not provide the necessary strength and stability required for this purpose.

75mm Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth
50mm Concrete exposed to earth for bars size 6 and up
40mm Concrete exposed to earth for bars size 5 and down

Nailing into battens is a modern method of installing wood parquet flooring on wooden boards sub-flooring. This involves securing the parquet flooring to the sub-flooring by nailing it into battens, which are thin strips of wood that are attached to the sub-flooring. This method provides stability and durability to the flooring, ensuring that it remains securely in place. It also allows for easy removal and replacement of individual parquet tiles if needed.

See NSCP 407.7.1

The maximum number of CO (circuit outlets) for a 20 amp circuit breaker is 6 outlets. This is because a 20 amp circuit breaker is designed to handle a maximum load of 20 amps. Each outlet typically draws a certain amount of current, and the total current drawn by all the outlets should not exceed the maximum load of the circuit breaker. Therefore, to ensure safety and prevent overloading, the number of outlets should be limited to 6.