AHS 305 - Lectures 5-9
Hemostasis, Clinical Enzymology, Electrolytes, Calcium/Phosphorus/Magnesium, Glucose, Urinary System
- 1.What is the functional unit of the kidney?
- A.
Nephron
- B.
Glomerulus
- C.
Bowman's Capsule
- 2.Vasoconstriction ________ blood pressure, as does sodium and water retention.
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Increases
- 3.Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the ________ to cause reabsorption of H2O in the distal tubule
- A.
Pituitary glands
- B.
Thyroid
- C.
Pancreas
- D.
Adrenal glands
- 4.Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of
- A.
Sodium and Potassium
- B.
Vitamin D and Calcium
- C.
Phosphorous
- 5.Renin stimulates the formation of _________
- A.
Angiotensinogen
- B.
Aldosterone
- C.
Cortisol
- D.
Angiotensin II
- 6.An increase in Angiotenstionegen will ___________production of Aldosterone from the adrenals, thus __________ the retention of sodium and water.
- A.
Increase, increasing
- B.
Decrease, decreasing
- C.
Increase, decreasing
- D.
Decrease, increasing
- 7.Elevations of _________ are usd as an estimate of GFR.
- 8.Pre-renal azotemia expected USG
- A.
> 1.030
- B.
1.007-1.013
- C.
1.001-1.008
- 9.In the glomerulus, the 25% of plasma that is removed from the blood each minute is toxin-ridden and will be removed and excreted in the urine.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.Renal azotemia expected USG
- A.
>1.030
- B.
1.007-1.013
- C.
1.001-1.008
- 11.Azotemia with appropriately concentrated urine
- A.
Prerenal
- B.
Renal
- C.
Postrenal
- 12.Direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
- A.
Prerenal
- B.
Renal
- C.
Postrenal
- 13.Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
- A.
Prerenal
- B.
Renal
- C.
Postrenal
- 14.A good estimate of GFR is the __________ Clearance Test.
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Creatinine
- C.
Protein
- D.
Urea
- 15.Chronic renal insufficiency
- A.
GFR 20-50% of normal function
- B.
GFR 20-25% of normal function
- C.
GFR
- 16.Chronic renal failure
- A.
20-50% of normal function
- B.
20-25% of normal function
- C.
- 17.End-stage renal disease
- A.
20-50% of normal function
- B.
20-25% of normal function
- C.
- 18.In end stage renal failure, _______ is usually decreased and ___________ is elevated.
- A.
Calcium, phosphorous
- B.
Phosphorous, calcium
- 19.Diabetes insipidus is associated with a lack of ADH secretions from the pituitary gland.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Struvite crystals form in ________ (acidic/alkaline) urine
- 21.In the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas, beta cells produce _________ and alpha cells produce ________
- A.
Insulin, glucagon
- B.
Glucagon, insulin
- 22.Causes gluconeogenesis and creates insulin resistence, thus elevating blood glucose
- A.
Glucagon
- B.
Catecholamine
- C.
Insulin
- D.
Cortisol
- 23.What does insulin drive into the cell?
- A.
Potassium
- B.
Sodium
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Iron
- 24.Insulin ________ blood glucose. Glucagon __________ blood glucose.
- A.
Lowers, raises
- B.
Raises, lowers
- C.
Lowers, lowers
- 25.Increased values of which of the following will lead to increased blood glucose?
- A.
Glucagon
- B.
Cortisol
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Insulin
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