AHS 305 - Lectures 5-9

57 Questions | By Notabean | Last updated: Jan 25, 2013 | Total Attempts: 40

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Hemostasis, Clinical Enzymology, Electrolytes, Calcium/Phosphorus/Magnesium, Glucose, Urinary System

Questions and Answers

1.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?
- A.
  
  Nephron
- B.
  
  Glomerulus
- C.
  
  Bowman's Capsule
2.

Vasoconstriction ________ blood pressure, as does sodium and water retention.
- A.
  
  Decreases
- B.
  
  Increases
3.

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the ________ to cause reabsorption of H2O in the distal tubule
- A.
  
  Pituitary glands
- B.
  
  Thyroid
- C.
  
  Pancreas
- D.
  
  Adrenal glands
4.

Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of
- A.
  
  Sodium and Potassium
- B.
  
  Vitamin D and Calcium
- C.
  
  Phosphorous
5.

Renin stimulates the formation of _________
- A.
  
  Angiotensinogen
- B.
  
  Aldosterone
- C.
  
  Cortisol
- D.
  
  Angiotensin II
6.

An increase in Angiotenstionegen will ___________production of Aldosterone from the adrenals, thus __________ the retention of sodium and water.
- A.
  
  Increase, increasing
- B.
  
  Decrease, decreasing
- C.
  
  Increase, decreasing
- D.
  
  Decrease, increasing
7.

Elevations of _________ are usd as an estimate of GFR.
8.

Pre-renal azotemia expected USG
- A.
  
  > 1.030
- B.
  
  1.007-1.013
- C.
  
  1.001-1.008
9.

In the glomerulus, the 25% of plasma that is removed from the blood each minute is toxin-ridden and will be removed and excreted in the urine.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
10.

Renal azotemia expected USG
- A.
  
  >1.030
- B.
  
  1.007-1.013
- C.
  
  1.001-1.008
11.

Azotemia with appropriately concentrated urine
- A.
  
  Prerenal
- B.
  
  Renal
- C.
  
  Postrenal
12.

Direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
- A.
  
  Prerenal
- B.
  
  Renal
- C.
  
  Postrenal
13.

Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
- A.
  
  Prerenal
- B.
  
  Renal
- C.
  
  Postrenal
14.

A good estimate of GFR is the __________ Clearance Test.
- A.
  
  Glucose
- B.
  
  Creatinine
- C.
  
  Protein
- D.
  
  Urea
15.

Chronic renal insufficiency
- A.
  
  GFR 20-50% of normal function
- B.
  
  GFR 20-25% of normal function
- C.
  
  GFR
16.

Chronic renal failure
- A.
  
  20-50% of normal function
- B.
  
  20-25% of normal function
- C.
17.

End-stage renal disease
- A.
  
  20-50% of normal function
- B.
  
  20-25% of normal function
- C.
18.

In end stage renal failure, _______ is usually decreased and ___________ is elevated.
- A.
  
  Calcium, phosphorous
- B.
  
  Phosphorous, calcium
19.

Diabetes insipidus is associated with a lack of ADH secretions from the pituitary gland.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
20.

Struvite crystals form in ________ (acidic/alkaline) urine
21.

In the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas, beta cells produce _________ and alpha cells produce ________
- A.
  
  Insulin, glucagon
- B.
  
  Glucagon, insulin
22.

Causes gluconeogenesis and creates insulin resistence, thus elevating blood glucose
- A.
  
  Glucagon
- B.
  
  Catecholamine
- C.
  
  Insulin
- D.
  
  Cortisol
23.

What does insulin drive into the cell?
- A.
  
  Potassium
- B.
  
  Sodium
- C.
  
  Glucose
- D.
  
  Iron
24.

Insulin ________ blood glucose. Glucagon __________ blood glucose.
- A.
  
  Lowers, raises
- B.
  
  Raises, lowers
- C.
  
  Lowers, lowers
25.

Increased values of which of the following will lead to increased blood glucose?
- A.
  
  Glucagon
- B.
  
  Cortisol
- C.
  
  Epinephrine
- D.
  
  Insulin

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