A&p Chapter 19 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed .
Explanation
Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains various proteins, including clotting proteins. When these clotting proteins are removed from plasma, the resulting liquid is called serum. Serum does not have the ability to clot, unlike plasma, which contains clotting factors necessary for blood coagulation. Therefore, the correct term for plasma minus its clotting proteins is serum.Rate this question:
- 2.
is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damaged vessel closer together.
Explanation
Clot retraction refers to the process of consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot. This process helps to bring the edges of a damaged blood vessel closer together. It is an important step in the clotting process, as it helps to stabilize the clot and prevent further bleeding. During clot retraction, the platelets within the clot contract, causing the fibrin strands to pull together and shrink the clot. This contraction also helps to squeeze out excess fluid from the clot, further promoting its stability.Rate this question:
- 3.
Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the tissues back to the lungs. Additionally, hemoglobin is involved in regulating blood pressure by binding to nitric oxide, a molecule that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow. Therefore, the statement that hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The most numerous white blood cells in a differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Neutrophils are the most numerous type of white blood cells in a healthy individual's differential white blood cell count. This is because neutrophils play a crucial role in the body's immune response by quickly migrating to sites of infection or inflammation. They are responsible for engulfing and destroying harmful pathogens. Therefore, it is expected to find a higher number of neutrophils compared to other types of white blood cells in a healthy individual.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following are not required for clot formation? 1. vitamin K 2. calcium 3. prostacyclin 4. plasmin 5. fibrinogen
- A.
1,2, and 5
- B.
3,4, and 5
- C.
4 and 5
- D.
1,2, and 3
- E.
3 and 4
Correct Answer
E. 3 and 4Explanation
Prostacyclin and plasmin are not required for clot formation. Prostacyclin is a vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation, therefore it would actually prevent clot formation. Plasmin, on the other hand, is an enzyme that breaks down fibrin and helps dissolve clots. Therefore, it is not necessary for clot formation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. 1. conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin 2. conversion of prothrombin into thrombin 3. adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damaged vessel 4. prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway 5. reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm
- A.
5,3,4,2,1
- B.
5,4,3,1,2
- C.
3,5,4,2,1
- D.
5,3,2,1,4
- E.
5,3,2,4,1
Correct Answer
A. 5,3,4,2,1Explanation
The correct order of steps involved in hemostasis is as follows: first, there is a reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm (step 5). This is followed by the adhesion and aggregation of platelets on the damaged vessel (step 3). Next, prothrombinase is formed by either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway (step 4). Then, there is the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin (step 2). Finally, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin (step 1).Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following statements explain why RBCs are highly specialized for oxygen transport? 1. RBCs contain hemoglobin 2. RBCs lack a nucleus 3. RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically 4. The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules 5. RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule
- A.
1,2,3, and 5
- B.
1,2,4, and 5
- C.
2,3,4, and 5
- D.
1,3, and 5
- E.
1,2, and 4
Correct Answer
B. 1,2,4, and 5Explanation
RBCs are highly specialized for oxygen transport because they contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for binding and carrying oxygen. Additionally, RBCs lack a nucleus, allowing for more space to carry hemoglobin and oxygen. The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the diffusion of gas molecules, enhancing the efficiency of oxygen transport. Lastly, RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule, further increasing their capacity for oxygen transport.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following are true? 1. WBCs leave the bloodstream by emigration 2. Adhesion molecules help WBCs stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration 3. Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis 4. The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis 5. Leukopenia is an increase in WBC count that occurs during infection
- A.
1,2,4, and 5
- B.
2,3,4, and 5
- C.
1,2,3, and 4
- D.
1,3, and 5
- E.
1,2, and 4
Correct Answer
C. 1,2,3, and 4Explanation
WBCs leave the bloodstream by emigration (1) and adhesion molecules help WBCs stick to the endothelium, aiding in emigration (2). Neutrophils and macrophages are both types of WBCs that are active in phagocytosis (3). The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis (4). Leukopenia is a decrease in WBC count, not an increase, and it does not specifically occur during infection (5). Therefore, the correct answer is 1,2,3, and 4.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A person with type A Rh- blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types? 1. A Rh+ 2. B Rh- 3. AB Rh- 4. O Rh- 5. A Rh-
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
4 and 5
- E.
1 and 5
Correct Answer
D. 4 and 5Explanation
A person with type A Rh- blood can receive a blood transfusion from individuals with O Rh- blood (answer 4) and A Rh- blood (answer 5). This is because individuals with type O Rh- blood are universal donors, meaning their blood can be transfused to individuals with any blood type. Additionally, individuals with the same blood type and Rh factor can safely receive transfusions from each other, so a person with type A Rh- blood can receive blood from another person with the same blood type, which includes answer 5.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A person with type B+ bloood receives a tranfusion of type AB+ blood. What will happen?
- A.
The recipient's antibodies will react with the donor's RBCs
- B.
The donor's antigens will destroy the recipient's antibodies
- C.
The donor's anibodies will react with and destroy all of the recipient's RBCs
- D.
The recipient's blood type will change from Rh+ to Rh-
- E.
These blood types are compatible, and the transfusion will be accepted.
Correct Answer
A. The recipient's antibodies will react with the donor's RBCsExplanation
When a person with type B+ blood receives a transfusion of type AB+ blood, the recipient's antibodies will react with the donor's RBCs. This is because the recipient has antibodies against the A antigen, which is present on the donor's RBCs. This reaction can lead to a transfusion reaction, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is important to match blood types properly to avoid such reactions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What happens to the iron that is release during the breakdown of damaged RBCs?
- A.
It is used to synthesize proteins
- B.
It is transported to the liver where it becomes part of bile
- C.
It is converted into urobilin and excreted in urine
- D.
It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in heoglobin synthesis
- E.
It is utilized by intestinal bacteria to convert bilirubin into urobilinogen
Correct Answer
D. It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in heoglobin synthesis -
- 12.
Which of the following would not cause an increase in erythropoieten?
- A.
Anemia
- B.
High altitude
- C.
Hemorrhage
- D.
Donating blood to a blood bank
- E.
Polycythemia
Correct Answer
E. PolycythemiaExplanation
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells. Since erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, it would not be expected to cause a decrease in erythropoietin levels. Therefore, polycythemia would not cause an increase in erythropoietin.Rate this question:
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