Ahart AP Terms 2011

The correct answer is "Persuasive: persuade readers to think or act a certain way." This is because persuasive writing aims to convince or influence the readers to adopt a particular opinion, belief, or action. It presents arguments, evidence, and reasoning to sway the audience's perspective and encourage them to think or act in a specific manner. Expressive writing is focused on conveying personal feelings or impressions, while informative writing aims to provide factual information and inform readers about something.

A flashback is a narrative technique that shifts the story into the past, providing background information or context to the events happening in the present. It allows the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the characters or the plot by revealing past experiences or events. Unlike foreshadowing, which hints at future events, a flashback focuses on the past. It is often used in literature and film to enhance the storytelling and create a more complex narrative structure.

The correct answer contains a comma splice because it joins two independent clauses ("I got up late this morning" and "I didn't have time for breakfast") with only a comma. A comma splice occurs when a comma is used to separate two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction or appropriate punctuation.

A process essay outlines a series of steps in chronological order. It provides a detailed explanation of how to complete a task or achieve a specific goal. The essay typically starts with an introduction that provides an overview of the process, followed by body paragraphs that explain each step in detail. The steps are presented in a logical and sequential manner to guide the reader through the process. The essay concludes with a summary or conclusion that reinforces the importance or effectiveness of the process.

The process of breaking a whole into parts is called division. It involves dividing a quantity or number into equal or unequal parts to determine the result or quotient. The correct spelling of the word is "division," not "divisoin."

The correct answer is "items written with the same grammatical structure." This means that the items mentioned in the context are written using the same rules and patterns of grammar. It implies that these items have a similar structure in terms of sentence formation, word order, and the use of grammar rules. This interpretation aligns with the meaning of the word "parallel," which refers to things that are similar or comparable in some way.

Satire is a form of literary or artistic expression that uses humor to expose or criticize societal issues, individuals, or institutions. It often employs irony, sarcasm, or exaggeration to highlight flaws or shortcomings. It is not related to being half goat, half man or attacking the author of an essay.

Directly addressing issues to gain support from readers means that the writer is actively acknowledging and discussing the concerns or problems that the readers may have. By doing so, the writer aims to build a connection with the readers and persuade them to support their viewpoint or argument. This approach shows that the writer values the readers' opinions and wants to address their concerns, which can help in gaining their support.

The word "anecdote" refers to a short side note that is used to explain something. It is a brief and often entertaining story or account that provides additional context or clarification. Anecdotes are commonly used in conversations, speeches, or writing to support or illustrate a point, providing a relatable and memorable example. They are not related to a cure for a poison or doting on a small creature.

The correct answer is "uses a single extended example or series of shorter examples to support a thesis". Exemplification is a pattern of development in which a writer uses examples to support their main idea or thesis. This can be done by providing a single extended example or by using a series of shorter examples. The purpose of exemplification is to provide evidence and illustrate the main point of the essay or argument. By using examples, the writer can make their argument more convincing and relatable to the reader.

Coherence refers to the smooth and logical connection between sentences in a piece of writing. When sentences are coherent, they flow seamlessly from one to another, making the text easier to read and understand. This ensures that the ideas and information in the writing are presented in a logical and organized manner, allowing the reader to follow the author's train of thought. By connecting sentences smoothly and logically, coherence helps to create a cohesive and unified piece of writing.

Verisimilitude refers to the quality of appearing true or real. In the context of the given explanation, it suggests that something has a sense of authenticity or believability. This implies that the subject or situation in question is portrayed in a way that closely resembles reality, making it convincing and plausible. Therefore, the answer "verisimilitude" aligns with the explanation provided.

A cause and effect essay explores the relationship between events, where one event (the cause) leads to another event (the effect). In this case, the light switch turning on a light can be used in a cause and effect essay because it demonstrates a direct cause and effect relationship. When the light switch is turned on, it causes the light to turn on. This example illustrates a clear cause (the action of turning on the light switch) and a clear effect (the light turning on), making it suitable for a cause and effect essay.

The term "agumentation" refers to the act of presenting a position or belief in a reasoned and logical manner. It involves providing well-supported arguments and using logical reasoning to support one's viewpoint. This explanation aligns with the given definition and accurately describes the meaning of "agumentation".

The correct answer is "freewriting that becomes a narrower topic each time" because looping refers to the process of repeating a certain action or task. In the context of freewriting, it means starting with a broad topic and gradually narrowing it down through multiple iterations, allowing for more focused and refined writing. This technique helps writers explore different angles and ideas related to a specific topic while gradually honing in on a more specific subject matter.

Using cliches in formal writing is generally discouraged. Cliches are overused phrases that have lost their originality and impact. Formal writing requires clear and concise language, and the use of cliches can make the writing appear lazy or unoriginal. Instead, it is recommended to use fresh and unique language to convey ideas effectively in formal writing.

A dynamic character is a character who undergoes significant changes or growth throughout the story. This means that their personality, beliefs, or actions may evolve as a result of the events or experiences they encounter. Unlike static characters who remain unchanged, dynamic characters often learn important lessons, overcome obstacles, or develop new perspectives. Therefore, a dynamic character is the best fit for a character who changes throughout the story.

This answer suggests that the purpose of classification and division is to organize scattered bits of information in a way that is useful and coherent. This can help readers understand and make sense of the information being presented. By putting the information into a logical order, it becomes easier to follow and comprehend.

The correct answer is "a reference to a place, event, or literary work." Allusion is a literary device that involves referencing or mentioning another place, event, or work of literature. It is used to enhance the meaning or depth of a text by connecting it to something familiar or significant. Allusions can be direct or indirect, and they help to create layers of meaning and evoke certain emotions or associations in the reader's mind.

The correct answer is someone directly addresses an inanimate object or someone who is not there. This refers to the literary device of apostrophe, where a speaker directly addresses an object or person who is not present or cannot respond. It is a way of giving human-like qualities or emotions to the object or person being addressed. This can be seen in poetry or dramatic works, where the speaker may address the moon, the wind, or even a deceased loved one.

it is actually a plot device in which a surprising event occurs, usually to tie up loose ends in a narrative

This question is asking for the correct pairing between terms and their meanings. The term "pathos" refers to the appeal to readers' emotions. This means that when a writer uses pathos, they are trying to evoke an emotional response from the readers. The other options, "ethos" and "logos," refer to different rhetorical appeals. Ethos appeals to the readers' sense of logic, while logos refers to the credibility of the writer. Therefore, the correct pairing is Pathos: appeals to readers' emotions.

A foil character is a character that contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist. This means that the foil character has traits or qualities that are opposite or different from the main character, which helps to highlight and emphasize certain aspects of the protagonist's personality or actions. The foil character may have different beliefs, values, or behaviors, providing a point of comparison for the audience to better understand the protagonist's motivations and development throughout the story.

The statement "Disorder is the antithesis of order" means that disorder and order are opposite concepts. Disorder refers to a lack of organization or chaos, while order refers to a structured and organized state. Antithesis means direct contrast or opposition. Therefore, the correct answer is true because disorder and order are indeed opposite to each other.

The given answer is correct because denotation refers to the dictionary definition of a word. It is the literal or explicit meaning of a word, devoid of any emotional or subjective associations. Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the emotions, values, or images that are commonly associated with a word. Therefore, the pairing of denotation with the dictionary definition of a word is accurate.

The given answer correctly identifies three types of irony: verbal, dramatic, and situational. Verbal irony occurs when a person says something but means the opposite, often used for sarcasm or humor. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the characters do not, creating tension or suspense. Situational irony refers to a situation where the outcome is different from what is expected, often resulting in a humorous or unexpected twist. The answer excludes "humorous" and "insulting" as types of irony, which is accurate as they are not recognized categories of irony.

The word "conceit" refers to a thought or idea. It is not related to a fake chair or sentence structure. "Con seat" and "sentence structure" are unrelated to the meaning of the word. Therefore, the correct answer is "a thought or idea".

This answer refers to the logical fallacy known as post hoc reasoning, which assumes that just because one event happened before another, the first event must have caused the second event. It is a common mistake to assume causation based solely on temporal sequence.

The correct answer is "the pattern of development telling a story". This answer suggests that the procedure writers follow to produce a finished piece of writing involves following a specific pattern or structure for telling a story. This implies that there is a specific order or sequence in which events and information are presented in the story, allowing for a coherent and engaging narrative.

Logos refers to the use of logical reasoning and evidence to support an argument or persuade an audience. This is a correct pairing because appeals to logic involve presenting facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to convince the audience of the validity of a claim. It is different from appeals to emotions (ethos) which aim to evoke feelings and create an emotional connection, and author's character (pathos) which focuses on the credibility and trustworthiness of the author.

The correct answer is "procedure writers follow to produce a finished piece of writing." This answer accurately describes the writing process as the steps and methods that writers use to create a final written work. It encompasses the planning, drafting, revising, and editing stages that writers go through to produce a polished and coherent piece of writing.

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents a strong argument or viewpoint on a specific topic. It aims to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's opinion or take a particular stance on the issue being discussed. Unlike an informative essay that simply provides information, an argumentative essay presents evidence, reasoning, and counterarguments to support its claims. Therefore, the correct answer is "argues a point."

The correct answer is "main, contributory and immediate, remote." This means that the main cause is the most important, followed by the contributory cause. The immediate cause is more important than the remote cause. Therefore, the order of importance is main, contributory, immediate, and remote.

The term "ad hominem" refers to the fallacious argumentative technique of attacking the character or personal traits of an individual instead of addressing the merits of their ideas or arguments. This means that instead of engaging in a substantive debate, the person resorts to personal attacks in an attempt to discredit the author rather than engaging with their ideas. This type of argument is considered invalid as it does not address the actual content of the argument being made.

The given examples are all euphemisms, which are words or phrases used to substitute for more direct or harsh terms. "Pre-owned" is used instead of "used" to make a product sound more appealing. "Vertically challenged" is used instead of "short" to avoid offending or making someone feel self-conscious about their height. "Correctional facility" is used instead of "prison" to soften the negative connotations associated with incarceration. These examples demonstrate how euphemisms are used to convey a more positive or less offensive meaning.

This answer suggests that "enumeration" refers to the act of listing qualities, traits, and characteristics. It implies that when using enumeration, one is providing a comprehensive list of specific qualities or characteristics related to a particular subject.

The mode of movement is not a good basis for comparison between bees and humans because bees primarily fly while humans primarily walk. Comparing their modes of movement would not provide meaningful insights into their similarities or differences in other aspects such as community or communication.

The given answer, "causal chain," refers to a sequence of events where each event is caused by the previous one. In this scenario, A causes B, B causes C, and C causes D, forming a causal chain. This term is commonly used to describe a cause-and-effect relationship where one event leads to another in a linear progression. It implies that each event in the chain is dependent on the preceding event and contributes to the subsequent event. Therefore, the answer "causal chain" accurately describes the given situation.

The given statement, "'Sandon always gets stars from Mr. Ahart,' a classmate said," is an example of indirect characterization. It implies that Sandon is a student who consistently receives stars from Mr. Ahart, suggesting that Sandon is likely a good student or behaves well in class. This indirect statement provides insight into Sandon's character without explicitly stating it.

The term "didactic" refers to literature that aims to instruct or educate the reader, while "persuasive literature" seeks to convince or sway the reader's opinion. However, "a prehistoric time period" does not fit the context of the question and is unrelated to literature. Therefore, the correct answer must be "instructional and informative literature," as it aligns with the definition of didactic literature.

Expository writing serves the purpose of providing information or explanations about a particular topic. It focuses on presenting facts, evidence, and logical reasoning to help readers understand a subject better. Unlike persuasive or argumentative writing, the goal of expository writing is not to convince or persuade the audience but rather to educate and clarify. Through clear and concise language, expository writing aims to inform readers about a specific topic, concept, or process, enabling them to gain knowledge and comprehension.

In a Rogerian argument, the speaker addresses the audience as equals. This approach emphasizes the importance of mutual respect and understanding. By treating the audience as equals, the speaker acknowledges their perspectives and experiences, creating a more open and collaborative atmosphere for discussion. This approach aims to find common ground and build a bridge between differing viewpoints, rather than engaging in a confrontational or hierarchical manner.

The correct answer is "presents the moral, social, and psychological shaping of a protagonist." This is because a Bildungsroman is a genre of literature that focuses on the development and coming-of-age of a protagonist. It typically explores the protagonist's moral, social, and psychological growth as they navigate through various challenges and experiences. The other options mentioned, such as the degradation and humiliation of an antagonist, are not characteristic of a Bildungsroman.

The given answer, "The most influential books in shaping Western culture," is the correct explanation for the term "Canon." In this context, "Canon" refers to a collection of books or literary works that are considered to be authoritative and influential in shaping the cultural and intellectual development of Western society. These works are often regarded as classics and are studied extensively in various academic disciplines such as literature, philosophy, and history.

The given options describe different concepts. "Use of concrete objects to represent abstract ideas" and "pronouncing every syllable as an individual unit of sound" do not relate to the concept of syllogism. However, "a form of deductive reasoning" accurately describes syllogism. Syllogism is a logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to draw conclusions based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

Abstract language refers to words or concepts that cannot be perceived through the senses. They are ideas or emotions that exist in the mind. In this case, "fear" is an example of abstract language because it is a feeling or emotion that cannot be physically seen or touched. On the other hand, "red" and "soft" are concrete words that can be experienced through the senses, making them examples of non-abstract or concrete language.

The phrase "five shiny dimes brightened my life" is an example of assonance because it contains repeated vowel sounds, specifically the long "i" sound in "five" and "brightened" and the long "i" and "i" sounds in "shiny" and "life". This repetition of vowel sounds creates a musical and rhythmic effect in the sentence. The other phrases do not exhibit this repetition of vowel sounds, so they are not examples of assonance.

The correct answer is "Tom read the book, but Jim saw the movie." This sentence does not contain a fused sentence because it uses a coordinating conjunction ("but") to connect two independent clauses ("Tom read the book" and "Jim saw the movie"). This creates a compound sentence with two separate ideas. In contrast, the first sentence "Tom read the book Jim saw the movie" is a fused sentence because it does not have any punctuation or coordinating conjunction to separate the two independent clauses.

Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a general understanding or set of premises. It involves using logical principles and rules to reach a conclusion that is necessarily true if the premises are true. In this case, the given statement suggests that the process involves moving from a general understanding to a specific conclusion, which aligns with the concept of deductive reasoning.

Coordinating conjunctions are words that connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance in a sentence. "Nor," "and," and "but" are all examples of coordinating conjunctions. "Nor" is used to connect two negative ideas, "and" is used to connect similar ideas, and "but" is used to connect contrasting ideas. These conjunctions help to create smooth and coherent sentences by showing the relationship between different parts of a sentence.