This is a quiz on the pituitary gland lectures in Week 2 endocrine. Notes can be found in https://imueos. Blogspot. Com under the label: adrenal gland.
C1
C16
C19
C21
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Adrenaline
Cortisol
Norepinephrine
Catecholamines
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RER
SER
Protein
Lipid
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Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol, corticosterone)
Androgens
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Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
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Linear cords
Whorl of cells
Netlike
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Netlike
Whorls of cells
Linear cords
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Netlike
Whorl of cells
Linear cord
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Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by desmolase/SCC
Converstion of progesterone to 17 a-hydroxyprogesterone by enzyme hydroxylase
Converstion of 17 a-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol by enzyme hydroxylase
Conversion of 11-Deoxycortisol to cortisol by enzyme hydroxylase
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Aldosterone
Deoxycorticosterone
Testosterone
Cortisol
Adrenaline
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Sensitive to liver receptors
Carried by plasma carrier protein to liver
No specific plasma carrier protein
All hormones will be rapidly cleared by liver
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DCT & CD
DCT & PCT
LOH
LOH & PCT
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Tongue
Stomach
Blood vessel
Skin
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Acidic
Basic
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HCO3-
K+
H+
NH3+
NH+
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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
Low Na+
High K+
ACTH
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Hypotension
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Alkalosis
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A-globulin
B-globulin
Albumin
Protein C
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Increase blood glucose
Increase lipogenesis in extremities
Promote protein metabolisme
Weaken immune system
Increase blood pressure via aldosterone release
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Yes
No
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Water & salt retention (aldosterone)
Polyuria (inhibit ADH)
Tendency to bruising
Pendulous abdomen
Crescentic face
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Deficiency in both glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids
Weight gain
Plasma glucose decrease
Dehydration
Hypotension
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Androsterotenedione
DHAP
DHEA
DHT
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DHT
Progesterone
Testosterone
DHEA
Oestrogen
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Cortisol
Androgen
Progesteron
Aldosterone
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Androgenesis syndrome
Androgenital syndrome
Testosteronism
Androgenism
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Pregnancy
Acidosis
Trauma
Anger
Peer pressure
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Pregnancy
Acidosis
Orthostasis
Air polution
Anger
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Nocireceptor
Thermoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Chemoreceptor
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Hypothalamus
Somatic sensory cortex
Motor cortex
Limbic cortex
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Hypothalamus
Somatic sensory cortex
Motor cortex
Limbic cortex
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CRH, ACTH
GHRH
PIH
TRH
GnRH
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Increase
Decrease
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Release more NA
Rapid increase in stress hormones
Prolong effects of hypothalamus
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Compensation phase
Resistance phase
Decomposition phase
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Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
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Essential for survival when stress is severe
Increase the flight/fight effect during stress
Main hormones involved in countering the effect of stress
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Incontinence
Cardiovascular disease
Glucocorticoids in large amount can suppress immune system
Glucocorticoids in large amount can increase protein catabolisme (muscle loss)
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Boost immune system
Suppress immune system
Increase incidence of cardiovascular disease
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Decrease lymphocyte proliferation & reactivity
Decrease T-cell function
Decrease NK activity
Increase IgA
Decrease blood levels of Epstein-Barr virus
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High aldosterone
High cortisol
High corticosteroid
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Pituitary corticotroph adenoma
Overactivity of pituitary
Excessive CRH secretion from hypothalamus
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Adrenal cortical adenoma
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Adrenal overstimulation
Adrenal cortical hyperplasia
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Unilateral cortical hyperplasia
Cortical adenoma
Bilateral cortical hyperplasia
Cortical hypertrophy
Cortical inflammation
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Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoid
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Yes
No
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CRH
ACTH
Cortisol
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Yes
No
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