Adrenal Gland
This is a quiz on the pituitary gland lectures in Week 2 endocrine. Notes can be found in https://imueos. Blogspot. Com under the label: adrenal gland.
- 1.Which of these is the best answer? The adrenal gland lies:
- A.
In the peritoneal cavity
- B.
Lateral to the liver
- C.
On the kidneys
- D.
In the abdominal cavity
- 2.The adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones. Which of these corticosteroids are mainly secreted by the adrenal cortex?
- A.
C1
- B.
C16
- C.
C19
- D.
C21
- 3.The adrenal medulla is composed of modified sympathetic ganglion cells, which is nervous in nature and secretes hormone upon stimulation. Which of these hormones are secreted?
- A.
Adrenaline
- B.
Cortisol
- C.
Norepinephrine
- D.
Catecholamines
- 4.For the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex, adrenal cortex contain cells with large amounts of:
- A.
RER
- B.
SER
- C.
Protein
- D.
Lipid
- 5.The adrenal cortex is divided into 3 zones:1) Zona Glomerulosa (outermost)2) Zona Fasciculata3) Zona reticularisWhat does the Zona glomerulosa secrete?
- A.
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone)
- B.
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol, corticosterone)
- C.
Androgens
- 6.The adrenal cortex is divided into 3 zones:1) Zona Glomerulosa (outermost)2) Zona Fasciculata3) Zona reticularisWhat does the Zona Fasciculata & reticularis secrete?
- A.
Mineralocorticoids
- B.
Glucocorticoids
- C.
Androgens
- 7.What is the arrangement of the cells of the zona glomerulosa?
- A.
Linear cords
- B.
Whorl of cells
- C.
Netlike
- 8.What is the arrangement of the cells of the zona fasciculata?
- A.
Netlike
- B.
Whorls of cells
- C.
Linear cords
- 9.
What is the arrangement of the zona reticularis?- A.
Netlike
- B.
Whorl of cells
- C.
Linear cord
- 10.Which of these is the rate limiting step for the biosynthesis of cortisol?
- A.
Conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by desmolase/SCC
- B.
Converstion of progesterone to 17 a-hydroxyprogesterone by enzyme hydroxylase
- C.
Converstion of 17 a-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol by enzyme hydroxylase
- D.
Conversion of 11-Deoxycortisol to cortisol by enzyme hydroxylase
- 11.Which of these is the most potent mineralocorticoids?
- A.
Aldosterone
- B.
Deoxycorticosterone
- C.
Testosterone
- D.
Cortisol
- E.
Adrenaline
- 12.Why is it that aldosterone is rapidly cleared from plasma by liver forming tetrahydroaldosterone 3-gluocronide, which is then excreted in the urine?
- A.
Sensitive to liver receptors
- B.
Carried by plasma carrier protein to liver
- C.
No specific plasma carrier protein
- D.
All hormones will be rapidly cleared by liver
- 13.Which part of the kidney will aldosterone act on?
- A.
DCT & CD
- B.
DCT & PCT
- C.
LOH
- D.
LOH & PCT
- 14.Which other parts of the body does aldosterone act on beside the distal tubules of the kidney?
- A.
Tongue
- B.
Stomach
- C.
Blood vessel
- D.
Skin
- 15.For the Na+ to be reabsorbed, Na/K pump will require ATP which will be generated by mitochondrial enzymes (mitochondrial activity increased by aldosterone), therefore Na+ will be reabsorbed, and K+ will be eliminated instead. Therefore, there will be alterations in the acid-base balance of the blood. Loss in basic content (K+) will cause blood to be more..
- A.
Acidic
- B.
Basic
- 16.The kidney compensate the loss of basic K+ from the reabsorption of Na+ by secreting:
- A.
HCO3-
- B.
K+
- C.
H+
- D.
NH3+
- E.
NH+
- 17.How is aldosterone release stimulated?
- A.
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- B.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
- C.
Low Na+
- D.
High K+
- E.
ACTH
- 18.What is the signs & symptoms of aldosteronism? (hypersecretion of aldosterone)
- A.
Hypotension
- B.
Hypernatremia
- C.
Hypokalemia
- D.
Alkalosis
- 19.Glucocorticoids circulates in plasma in protein bouund/free form. Which of these is the plasma binding protein of glucocorticoids?
- A.
A-globulin
- B.
B-globulin
- C.
Albumin
- D.
Protein C
- 20.Which of these are effect of cortisol?
- A.
Increase blood glucose
- B.
Increase lipogenesis in extremities
- C.
Promote protein metabolisme
- D.
Weaken immune system
- E.
Increase blood pressure via aldosterone release
- 21.Does aldosterone inhibit ADH release?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
- 22.
Which of these are signs & symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
- A.
Water & salt retention (aldosterone)
- B.
Polyuria (inhibit ADH)
- C.
Tendency to bruising
- D.
Pendulous abdomen
- E.
Crescentic face
- 23.In Addison's disease, we will be able to see:
- A.
Deficiency in both glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids
- B.
Weight gain
- C.
Plasma glucose decrease
- D.
Dehydration
- E.
Hypotension
- 24.The gonadocorticoids are sex hormones. Which of these are precursors to the sex hormones?
- A.
Androsterotenedione
- B.
DHAP
- C.
DHEA
- D.
DHT
- 25.Which of these are active androgens?
- A.
DHT
- B.
Progesterone
- C.
Testosterone
- D.
DHEA
- E.
Oestrogen
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