Let's Play Anatomy & Physiology II - Ch. Quiz16

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  • 1/132 Questions

    The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.

    • Endocrine
    • Cardiovascular
    • Body
    • Muscular
    • Hepatic
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About This Quiz

The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism, and sexual development and function. Take the quiz below and see how much you understood in chapter 16 in the anatomy and physiology classes. All the best as you do.

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  • 2. 

    Thyroid hormone contains the element

    • Fluorine.

    • Chlorine.

    • Iron.

    • Iodine.

    • Zinc.

    Correct Answer
    A. Iodine.
    Explanation
    Thyroid hormone is primarily made up of iodine. Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, namely thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body, including growth, development, and energy production. Therefore, the correct answer is iodine.

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  • 3. 

    In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

    • A) blood glucose levels are very high.

    • Excessive thirst is shown.

    • Glucose is present in the urine in large amounts.

    • A large excretion of urine occurs.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, the body is unable to properly regulate blood glucose levels. As a result, blood glucose levels become very high. This high level of glucose in the blood leads to excessive thirst as the body tries to eliminate the excess glucose through increased urine production. Glucose is then present in the urine in large amounts, causing a condition known as glucosuria. This excessive urine production also leads to a large excretion of urine. Therefore, all of the above statements are true in persons with untreated diabetes mellitus.

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  • 4. 

    If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

    • Glucagon.

    • GHIH.

    • Thyroid hormone.

    • Aldosterone.

    • Antidiuretic hormone.

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucagon.
    Explanation
    If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, their blood sugar levels would drop significantly, leading to low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. To correct this, the patient would need to inject glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. This helps to counteract the effects of excess insulin and restore blood sugar to a normal range. GHIH, thyroid hormone, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone are not involved in regulating blood sugar levels and would not be effective in correcting hypoglycemia caused by excess insulin.

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  • 5. 

    The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

    • Endocrine

    • Cardiovascular

    • Renal

    • Muscular

    • Hepatic

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocrine
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and an endocrine organ. The hypothalamus is a small region in the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including hormone production and secretion. It produces and releases several hormones that control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which is considered the master gland of the endocrine system. Therefore, the hypothalamus acts as an endocrine organ by producing and releasing hormones that regulate the endocrine system's functioning.

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  • 6. 

    The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

    • TSH.

    • FSH.

    • MSH.

    • STH.

    • ADH.

    Correct Answer
    A. ADH.
    Explanation
    ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is the pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss. It is released in response to low blood volume or increased blood osmolality, and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing the amount of water lost in urine.

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  • 7. 
    Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions: A deficiency of which hormone can lead to excessive water loss? - ProProfs

    Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions: A deficiency of which hormone can lead to excessive water loss?

    • 3

    • 7

    • 2

    • 8

    • 14

    Correct Answer
    A. 14
  • 8. 

    The testes produce

    • LH.

    • Progesterone.

    • Testosterone.

    • Inhibin.

    • FSH.

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone.
    Explanation
    The testes are responsible for producing testosterone, a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone is essential for sperm production, regulation of libido, muscle and bone mass, and the growth of facial and body hair. It also contributes to overall health and well-being in men.

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  • 9. 

    Melatonin is produced by the

    • Thymus.

    • Pineal gland.

    • Kidneys.

    • Skin.

    • Heart.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pineal gland.
    Explanation
    Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is primarily produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the brain, specifically in the epithalamus. It receives signals from the retina regarding light levels, and in response, it secretes melatonin, which helps regulate the body's internal clock. The other options, such as the thymus, kidneys, skin, and heart, do not play a significant role in melatonin production. Therefore, the correct answer is the pineal gland.

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  • 10. 

    Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

    • Peptides.

    • Steroids.

    • Eicosanoids.

    • Amino acid derivatives.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above" because hormones can indeed be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. Peptides, steroids, eicosanoids, and amino acid derivatives are all different categories of hormones. Peptides are made up of amino acids, steroids are derived from cholesterol, eicosanoids are derived from fatty acids, and amino acid derivatives are derived from amino acids. Therefore, all of these categories are valid classifications for hormones based on their chemistry.

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  • 11. 

    Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect

    • Quantities of enzymes.

    • Activities of enzymes.

    • Synthesis of enzymes.

    • Gating of ion channels.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    Hormonal actions on cells can affect quantities, activities, and synthesis of enzymes. Additionally, hormones can also regulate the gating of ion channels. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as hormonal actions can have an impact on all these aspects.

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  • 12. 

    Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

    • Blood level of an ion-like potassium

    • Blood level of glucose

    • Blood level of a hormone

    • Nervous stimuli

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Hormone release can be influenced by multiple factors. The blood level of an ion, such as potassium, can impact hormone release. Similarly, the blood level of glucose can also affect hormone release. Additionally, the blood level of a hormone itself can regulate its own release through a feedback mechanism. Furthermore, hormone release can be controlled by nervous stimuli, as the nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating hormone secretion. Therefore, all of the above factors can control hormone release.

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  • 13. 

    The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

    • TSH.

    • ACTH.

    • Growth hormone.

    • FSH.

    • Prolactin.

    Correct Answer
    A. Prolactin.
    Explanation
    Prolactin is the pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands. It is released in response to the suckling stimulus from the baby, promoting the production and secretion of milk. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) stimulates the thyroid gland, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands, growth hormone promotes growth and development, and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) stimulates the development of eggs in females and sperm in males. However, none of these hormones directly stimulate milk production like prolactin does.

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  • 14. 

    The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

    • Synephrine and neosynephrine.

    • Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

    • Corticosterone and testosterone.

    • Androgens and progesterone.

    • Norcortisol and cortisol.

    Correct Answer
    A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
    Explanation
    The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are released in response to stress or danger and play a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response. Epinephrine increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, while norepinephrine helps regulate blood pressure and maintain alertness. These hormones are essential for the body's response to stress and help prepare the body for action.

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  • 15. 

    Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

    • Dwarfism.

    • Rickets.

    • Gigantism.

    • Acromegaly.

    • Diabetes insipidus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gigantism.
    Explanation
    Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development causes gigantism. Gigantism is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height due to the overproduction of growth hormone before the fusion of growth plates in the long bones. This condition typically occurs in childhood or adolescence, leading to abnormal growth and disproportionate body features. Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, dwarfism is caused by insufficient growth hormone, acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone after the fusion of growth plates, and diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.

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  • 16. 

    The term used to describe excess production of urine is

    • Polyuria.

    • Polydipsia.

    • Hematuria.

    • Glycosuria.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Polyuria.
    Explanation
    Polyuria is the term used to describe the condition of excess production of urine. This can be caused by various factors such as diabetes, kidney disease, or certain medications. Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, and glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is polyuria.

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  • 17. 

    Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

    • Kidneys.

    • Heart.

    • Thyroid gland.

    • Gonads.

    • Pituitary gland.

    Correct Answer
    A. Thyroid gland.
    Explanation
    Thyroxine and calcitonin are hormones that play important roles in regulating metabolism and calcium levels in the body. The kidneys primarily filter waste products from the blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance, but they do not secrete these hormones. The heart is responsible for pumping blood and does not secrete these hormones either. The gonads secrete sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, but not thyroxine or calcitonin. The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" because it secretes many hormones that regulate other glands, but it does not secrete thyroxine or calcitonin. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland, as it is the main gland responsible for secreting thyroxine and calcitonin.

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  • 18. 

    Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release

    • FSH.

    • TSH.

    • LH.

    • GH.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, also known as the anterior pituitary gland, release several hormones including FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and GH (growth hormone). Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all of these hormones are released by the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis.

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  • 19. 

    Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization.

    • Cellular

    • Tissue

    • Organ

    • Organismic

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Hormones can operate on the cellular level of organization by binding to specific receptors on target cells and initiating cellular responses. They can also act on the tissue level by coordinating the activities of multiple cells within a specific tissue. Additionally, hormones can influence the function of organs by regulating their activities and maintaining homeostasis. Finally, hormones can operate on the organismic level by coordinating the activities of multiple organs and systems to maintain overall physiological balance. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

    • Increased oxygen consumption

    • Increased heart rate

    • Increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation

    • Increased body temperature

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Thyroid hormone has various effects on peripheral tissues. It increases oxygen consumption, which means that the cells in these tissues use more oxygen for their metabolic processes. It also increases heart rate, leading to a faster heartbeat. Additionally, thyroid hormone increases the sensitivity of these tissues to adrenergic stimulation, making them more responsive to signals from the sympathetic nervous system. Lastly, it increases body temperature, causing a rise in overall body heat. Therefore, all of the given options are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues.

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  • 21. 

    Endocrine structures

    • Are a type of nerve cell.

    • Release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.

    • Release their secretions directly into body fluids.

    • Contain few vesicles.

    • Are modified connective-tissue cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. Release their secretions directly into body fluids.
    Explanation
    Endocrine structures release their secretions directly into body fluids. This is because endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding body fluids. These hormones are then carried to target cells or organs throughout the body, where they regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine glands, which release their secretions onto an epithelial surface or through ducts, endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the bloodstream or body fluids for systemic distribution.

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  • 22. 

    ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

    • Hormones

    • Neuropeptides

    • Neurotransmitters

    • Humoral antibodies

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Hormones
    Explanation
    Hormones are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. They play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Unlike neurotransmitters, which transmit signals across synapses in the nervous system, hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells. Neuropeptides are a type of neurotransmitter that primarily function in the brain and spinal cord. Humoral antibodies are not chemical messengers but rather proteins produced by the immune system to fight against pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is hormones.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?

    • Insulin

    • Insulin

    • Epinephrine

    • Cyclic AMP

    • TSH

    Correct Answer
    A. Cyclic AMP
    Explanation
    Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger in cellular signaling pathways. When certain hormones or neurotransmitters bind to their respective receptors on the cell surface, it triggers the activation of an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP into cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP then goes on to activate various downstream signaling molecules, leading to a cellular response. This amplification of the initial signal allows for efficient and rapid communication within the cell.

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  • 24. 

    The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

    • ACTH.

    • MSH.

    • Prolactin.

    • Insulin.

    • Growth hormone.

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth hormone.
    Explanation
    The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is growth hormone. Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, is responsible for promoting growth and development in various tissues and organs. It stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which in turn promotes cell growth, replication, and protein synthesis. This hormone is essential for normal growth during childhood and adolescence and also plays a role in maintaining healthy body composition and metabolism in adults.

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  • 25. 

    All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

    • Respond rapidly to stimuli.

    • Respond specifically to stimuli.

    • Communicate by the release of neurotransmitters.

    • Respond with motor output.

    • Function independently of the endocrine system.

    Correct Answer
    A. Function independently of the endocrine system.
    Explanation
    The nervous system is responsible for responding rapidly to stimuli, responding specifically to stimuli, and communicating by the release of neurotransmitters. It also responds with motor output. However, it does not function independently of the endocrine system. The nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate and coordinate various physiological processes in the body.

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  • 26. 

    Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

    • Hormones; neurotransmitters

    • Neuropeptides; neurotransmitters

    • Neurotransmitters; hormones

    • Neurotransmitters; neuropeptides

    • Neuropeptides; neurohormones

    Correct Answer
    A. Hormones; neurotransmitters
    Explanation
    Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be hormones when released into the bloodstream because they are produced by the adrenal glands and have widespread effects on various target organs and tissues throughout the body. However, when released at synapses, they act as neurotransmitters because they are involved in transmitting signals between nerve cells in the nervous system.

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  • 27. 

    The most complex endocrine responses that integrated the nervous and endocrine system involve the

    • Thyroid gland.

    • Pancreas.

    • Adrenal glands.

    • Hypothalamus.

    • Thymus gland.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus.
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus is responsible for integrating the nervous and endocrine systems through its control over the pituitary gland. It produces and releases various hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands such as the thyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands. This complex interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other endocrine glands allows for the coordination and regulation of various physiological processes in the body.

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  • 28. 

    Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

    • CRF and GnRH.

    • TSH and FSH.

    • ADH and oxytocin.

    • FSH and PRL.

    • GHIH and GHRH.

    Correct Answer
    A. ADH and oxytocin.
    Explanation
    The neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus are responsible for producing antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by reducing the amount of water excreted in urine, while oxytocin plays a role in various reproductive functions, including childbirth and breastfeeding.

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  • 29. 

    The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

    • TSH.

    • ACTH.

    • FSH.

    • LH.

    • GH.

    Correct Answer
    A. TSH.
    Explanation
    The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is TSH. TSH, or thyroid-stimulating hormone, is produced and released by the pituitary gland in response to low levels of thyroid hormone in the blood. TSH then acts on the thyroid gland, stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are important for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body.

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  • 30. 

    Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

    • Glucagon; insulin

    • Somatostatin; insulin

    • Insulin; glucagon

    • Glucagon; somatostatin

    • Pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucagon; insulin
    Explanation
    Alpha cells are responsible for producing glucagon, a hormone that increases blood sugar levels, while beta cells produce insulin, a hormone that lowers blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "glucagon; insulin".

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  • 31. 

    Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

    • Acromegaly.

    • Goiter.

    • Diabetes mellitus.

    • Diabetes insipidus.

    • Addison disease.

    Correct Answer
    A. Diabetes mellitus.
    Explanation
    When the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, it leads to a condition called diabetes mellitus. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Without insulin, the body is unable to properly convert glucose into energy, resulting in high blood sugar levels. This can lead to various symptoms and complications associated with diabetes mellitus, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and fatigue. Acromegaly, goiter, diabetes insipidus, and Addison disease are not directly caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

    • Glycosuria

    • Ketoacidosis

    • High blood glucose

    • Low blood glucose

    • Polyuria

    Correct Answer
    A. Low blood glucose
    Explanation
    An overdose of insulin can lead to low blood glucose levels. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. However, too much insulin can cause excessive glucose uptake, leading to a drop in blood sugar levels. This can result in symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, sweating, and even loss of consciousness. Prompt medical attention is necessary to treat low blood glucose levels caused by an insulin overdose.

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  • 33. 

    Proper growth requires which of these hormones?

    • Thyroid hormone

    • Calcitriol

    • Insulin

    • Growth hormone

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the above hormones are required for proper growth. The thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and growth. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone growth. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and promoting the uptake of nutrients by cells, including those needed for growth. Growth hormone stimulates cell division and growth in various tissues, including bones and muscles. Therefore, all of these hormones are necessary for proper growth.

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  • 34. 

    Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to which of the following?

    • Increased blood levels of renin

    • Elevated blood levels of angiotensin

    • Increased blood levels of erythropoietin

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    If there is a decreased blood flow to the kidneys, it would result in decreased filtration of blood and reduced oxygen supply to the kidneys. This can trigger a series of responses to compensate for the decreased blood flow. One of these responses is the release of renin by the kidneys, which helps to regulate blood pressure by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Elevated blood levels of renin would then lead to increased blood levels of angiotensin, which is a hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure. Additionally, decreased blood flow to the kidneys can stimulate the release of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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  • 35. 

    The condition known as goiter can result from too

    • Much insulin.

    • Little TSH.

    • Much ACTH.

    • Little iodine in the diet.

    • Little glucagon.

    Correct Answer
    A. Little iodine in the diet.
    Explanation
    Goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is caused by insufficient iodine intake in the diet. Iodine is a crucial nutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is a lack of iodine, the thyroid gland becomes enlarged in an attempt to produce more hormones, leading to the development of goiter. Insufficient levels of insulin, TSH, ACTH, or glucagon do not directly cause goiter.

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  • 36. 

    The hormone oxytocin

    • Promotes uterine contractions.

    • Is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands.

    • Rises during sexual arousal.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Oxytocin is a hormone that serves multiple functions in the body. It promotes uterine contractions, which are important during childbirth. It is also responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands, aiding in breastfeeding. Additionally, oxytocin levels rise during sexual arousal, playing a role in sexual activity. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as oxytocin is involved in all these processes.

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  • 37. 

    The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is (are)

    • Oxytocin.

    • Prolactin.

    • Luteinizing hormone.

    • Just extra fluids.

    • Oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxytocin.
    Explanation
    Oxytocin is a hormone that is commonly used to induce or accelerate labor and delivery. It helps to stimulate contractions of the uterus, which can help progress labor. By administering oxytocin through an intravenous drip, the hormone can be slowly released into the bloodstream, allowing for a controlled and gradual effect on labor. Prolactin is not involved in labor and delivery, and luteinizing hormone plays a role in ovulation rather than labor. Just extra fluids would not have the same effect as oxytocin.

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  • 38. 

    The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

    • Stimulates the formation of white blood cells.

    • Increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

    • Increases the level of sodium ions in the blood.

    • Increases the level of potassium ions in the blood.

    • Increases the level of glucose in the blood.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
    Explanation
    The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. This hormone is called parathyroid hormone (PTH) and it plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body. PTH acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels in the blood. It promotes the release of calcium from bones, enhances the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and stimulates the production of active vitamin D, which increases calcium absorption in the intestines. This hormone is essential for proper bone health and nerve and muscle function.

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  • 39. 

    When blood glucose levels rise,

    • Insulin is released.

    • Glucagon is released.

    • Peripheral cells take up less glucose.

    • Protein synthesis decreases.

    • Peripheral cells break down glycogen.

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulin is released.
    Explanation
    When blood glucose levels rise, the body releases insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. When glucose levels increase, insulin is released to signal cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and maintain balance in the body.

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  • 40. 

    When hormones interact they can produce any of the following kinds of effects, except

    • Antagonistic.

    • Synergistic.

    • Permissive.

    • Integrative.

    • Bucolic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Bucolic.
    Explanation
    Hormones can produce different kinds of effects when they interact, such as antagonistic, synergistic, and permissive effects. Integrative effects can also occur when hormones work together to produce a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. However, bucolic does not relate to the effects of hormone interactions and is unrelated to the topic.

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  • 41. 

    Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

    • Lipids.

    • Peptides.

    • Steroids.

    • Amino acid derivatives.

    • Derivatives of reproductive glands.

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acid derivatives.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is amino acid derivatives. Catecholamines, such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. They are not lipids, peptides, or steroids. While some hormones are derived from reproductive glands, catecholamines are not specifically derived from these glands.

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  • 42. 

    Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

    • Catecholamines

    • Peptide hormones

    • Eicosanoids

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the above types of hormones. Catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are all examples of hormones that bind to receptors on the cell membrane. These receptors are located on the outer surface of the cell and are responsible for transmitting signals from the hormone to the inside of the cell, initiating a response. Therefore, all three types of hormones listed in the options utilize extracellular membrane receptors.

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  • 43. 

    Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

    • Only one

    • One or two

    • Two

    • Several

    Correct Answer
    A. Several
    Explanation
    Cells have the ability to respond to multiple hormones simultaneously. This is because cells have different receptors on their surface that can recognize and bind to specific hormones. Each receptor is designed to respond to a particular hormone, allowing cells to receive and respond to signals from multiple hormones at the same time. This enables cells to coordinate and regulate various physiological processes in the body in response to different hormonal signals.

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  • 44. 

    The primary function of ADH is to

    • Increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys.

    • Decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

    • Decrease blood pressure.

    • Increase digestive absorption.

    • Delay urination.

    Correct Answer
    A. Decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
    Explanation
    ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is primarily responsible for regulating the amount of water lost at the kidneys. It does this by increasing the reabsorption of water back into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing the amount of water that is excreted in urine. This helps to maintain the body's water balance and prevent dehydration. The other options, such as increasing sodium loss, decreasing blood pressure, increasing digestive absorption, and delaying urination, are not the primary functions of ADH.

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  • 45. 
    Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the hormone labeled "4." - ProProfs

    Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the hormone labeled "4."

    • Thyroid-releasing hormone

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone

    • Thyroxin

    • Thyrotropin

    • Calcitonin

    Correct Answer
    A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    Explanation
    The hormone labeled "4" in Figure 16-1 is thyroid-stimulating hormone.

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  • 46. 

    Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

    • In lysosomes

    • In rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • In the lumen of the thyroid follicle

    • In pinocytotic vesicles

    • In apical microvilli

    Correct Answer
    A. In the lumen of the thyroid follicle
    Explanation
    The chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine takes place in the lumen of the thyroid follicle. This is where the thyroglobulin, a protein produced by the thyroid gland, is stored. Iodine is transported into the lumen of the thyroid follicle and reacts with the thyroglobulin to form thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are then released into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes in the body.

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  • 47. 

    Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells?

    • Cortisol

    • Erythropoietin

    • Thymosin

    • Aldosterone

    • Atrial natriuretic peptide

    Correct Answer
    A. Erythropoietin
    Explanation
    Erythropoietin is a hormone that increases the production of red blood cells. It is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the body. This hormone stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, which helps to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

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  • 48. 

    Steroid hormones

    • Are proteins.

    • Cannot diffuse through cell membranes.

    • Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

    • Remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time.

    • Are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

    Correct Answer
    A. Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
    Explanation
    Steroid hormones are able to bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. Unlike proteins, steroid hormones are lipid-based molecules that can easily diffuse through cell membranes. Once inside the target cell, they bind to specific receptors located in the nucleus. This binding activates the receptor, leading to changes in gene expression and ultimately affecting cellular processes. Steroid hormones have a longer duration of action compared to proteins and are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

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  • 49. 

    The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

    • Estrogen.

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Oxytocin

    • Gonadotrophins

    Correct Answer
    A. Estrogen.
    Explanation
    When the ovaries are stimulated by FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), they secrete estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. It plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, the growth and maturation of the uterine lining, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. Therefore, estrogen is the correct answer in this context.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 18, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 18, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 31, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Seres21e

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