Endocrine System (Exam Mode)

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  • 1/20 Questions

    Which of the following is not a function of Estrogen? 

    • Causes breast growth.
    • Causes inhibition of FSH
    • Increased follicle development
    • Decreased overall transport proteins
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Endocrine System (Exam Mode) - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary gland secretion? 

    • TSH

    • GH

    • Vasopressin

    • Prolactin

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasopressin
    Explanation
    Vasopressin is not an anterior pituitary gland secretion. The anterior pituitary gland secretes TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), GH (growth hormone), and prolactin. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a role in regulating water balance and blood pressure by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

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  • 3. 

    Angiotensin I is changed by which of the following into Angiotensin II? 

    • ACE

    • AVT

    • Pepsin

    • Adenosine

    Correct Answer
    A. ACE
    Explanation
    Angiotensin I is converted into Angiotensin II by ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme). ACE is an enzyme that is primarily found in the lungs. It plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. ACE catalyzes the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II by removing two amino acids from Angiotensin I. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water reabsorption, leading to increased blood pressure.

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  • 4. 

    During phase 3 of the myocardial action potential which ion is moving the most? 

    • K+

    • Ca+

    • Na+

    • Ca2+

    Correct Answer
    A. K+
    Explanation
    During phase 3 of the myocardial action potential, the ion that is moving the most is K+. This is because phase 3 is the repolarization phase, where the cell is returning to its resting state. K+ channels open, allowing K+ ions to move out of the cell, which helps to restore the negative charge inside the cell. This movement of K+ ions is responsible for the repolarization of the cell membrane.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following during an electrocardiogram is associated with hypokalemia? 

    • QRS complex

    • U wave

    • PR segment

    • ST segment

    Correct Answer
    A. U wave
    Explanation
    Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. The U wave is an additional wave that appears after the T wave in an electrocardiogram (ECG). It is typically small and can be seen in some individuals, but it becomes more prominent in the presence of hypokalemia. Therefore, the U wave is associated with hypokalemia during an ECG.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is not a cause of peripheral edema? 

    • Increased capillary permeability

    • Reduced levels of plasma proteins

    • Heart failure

    • Decreased capillary output

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreased capillary output
    Explanation
    Decreased capillary output is not a cause of peripheral edema because peripheral edema is the accumulation of fluid in the tissues due to increased capillary permeability or reduced levels of plasma proteins. Heart failure can also cause peripheral edema by impairing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. However, decreased capillary output refers to a decrease in blood flow through the capillaries, which would not directly lead to fluid accumulation in the tissues.

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  • 7. 

    An S3 heart sound is often associated with? 

    • CHF

    • COPD

    • Atrial fib.

    • Ventricular fib.

    Correct Answer
    A. CHF
    Explanation
    An S3 heart sound is often associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). This extra heart sound occurs due to the rapid filling of the ventricles during the early phase of diastole. In CHF, the heart becomes weak and unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and other parts of the body. This causes the ventricles to stretch and results in the S3 sound. Therefore, CHF is the most likely condition associated with an S3 heart sound.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is not a function of Angiotensin II? 

    • Causes release of aldosterone

    • Causes vasodilation

    • Causes increased posterior pituitary activation

    • Elevates blood pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Causes vasodilation
    Explanation
    Angiotensin II is a hormone that is involved in regulating blood pressure. It causes vasoconstriction, which means it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. Therefore, it does not cause vasodilation, which is the opposite effect of widening the blood vessels and decreasing blood pressure.

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  • 9. 

    An ejection fraction can be calculated as: 

    • SV/TPR

    • CO/TPR

    • SV/EDV

    • CO/EDV

    Correct Answer
    A. SV/EDV
    Explanation
    The ejection fraction is a measure of the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the heart with each contraction. It is calculated by dividing the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction) by the end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the heart at the end of relaxation). Therefore, the correct answer is SV/EDV.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is not a bradykinin effect? 

    • Elevated capillary permeability

    • Elevated pain levels

    • Elevated vasodilation response

    • Elevated prothrombin secretion

    Correct Answer
    A. Elevated prothrombin secretion
    Explanation
    Bradykinin is a peptide that is involved in various physiological processes. It is known to cause elevated capillary permeability, which leads to increased leakage of fluid and proteins from blood vessels into surrounding tissues. It also causes elevated pain levels by sensitizing pain receptors. Additionally, bradykinin is responsible for elevated vasodilation response, leading to the relaxation and widening of blood vessels. However, bradykinin does not have an effect on elevated prothrombin secretion, which is the process of producing a clotting protein involved in blood clot formation.

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  • 11. 

    Thyroid Hormone T3 does not have which of the following functions? 

    • Stimulate bone development and growth

    • Create beta-adrenergic responses

    • Cause brain development

    • Decrease calcium re-absorption

    Correct Answer
    A. Decrease calcium re-absorption
    Explanation
    Thyroid Hormone T3 is known to have multiple functions in the body, including stimulating bone development and growth, creating beta-adrenergic responses, and causing brain development. However, it does not have the function of decreasing calcium re-absorption.

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  • 12. 

    Mean arterial pressure is the product of: 

    • TPR x SV

    • TPR x CO

    • CO/SV

    • SV/EDV

    Correct Answer
    A. TPR x CO
    Explanation
    Mean arterial pressure is a measure of the average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle. It is influenced by two factors: total peripheral resistance (TPR) and cardiac output (CO). TPR is the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation, while CO is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. The product of TPR and CO gives the mean arterial pressure. This means that an increase in either TPR or CO will result in an increase in mean arterial pressure, while a decrease in either TPR or CO will result in a decrease in mean arterial pressure.

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  • 13. 

    PAH is secreted in which of the following locations? 

    • Distal tubule

    • Loop of Henle

    • Collecting tubule

    • Proximal tubule

    Correct Answer
    A. Proximal tubule
    Explanation
    PAH (para-aminohippuric acid) is a substance that is commonly used to measure renal plasma flow. It is secreted in the proximal tubule of the nephron. The proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered substances, but it also secretes certain substances, including PAH. This secretion process helps to eliminate PAH from the body and plays a role in the regulation of renal plasma flow. Therefore, the correct answer is the proximal tubule.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is not generally associated with a 2nd degree (Mobitz Type 1) AV block? 

    • Usually asymptomatic

    • Nonsequential (P wave then QRS complex)

    • Increased PR segment/interval

    • 70% Fatal

    Correct Answer
    A. 70% Fatal
    Explanation
    A 2nd degree (Mobitz Type 1) AV block is typically characterized by nonsequential conduction, where there is a P wave without a corresponding QRS complex. It is usually asymptomatic and is associated with an increased PR segment/interval. The statement "70% Fatal" is not generally associated with a 2nd degree (Mobitz Type 1) AV block.

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  • 15. 

    Hypercalemia has not been linked with which of the following? 

    • Paget's disease

    • Aldosterone

    • Sarcoidosis

    • Malignancy

    Correct Answer
    A. Aldosterone
    Explanation
    Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, including Paget's disease, sarcoidosis, and malignancy. However, aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, is not associated with hypercalcemia. Aldosterone primarily regulates salt and water balance in the body and does not directly affect calcium levels. Therefore, it is not linked with hypercalcemia.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is the source cell for the secretion Pepsinogen? 

    • Chief cell

    • Plasma cell

    • G cell

    • Parietal cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Chief cell
    Explanation
    The source cell for the secretion of Pepsinogen is the Chief cell. Pepsinogen is an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin, which is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach. Chief cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and they secrete pepsinogen into the stomach lumen. Once pepsinogen comes into contact with the acidic environment of the stomach, it is converted into active pepsin, which aids in digestion.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following is the primary activator of zymogen secretion? 

    • Somatostatin

    • Secretin

    • Acetylcholine

    • Gastrin

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    Acetylcholine is the primary activator of zymogen secretion. Zymogens are inactive enzymes that are converted into their active form to carry out various physiological processes. Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, stimulates the release of zymogens from the pancreas and salivary glands. It binds to specific receptors on the cells, triggering a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the secretion of zymogens. This activation of zymogen secretion by acetylcholine is crucial for proper digestion and the breakdown of food in the gastrointestinal tract.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following does not require the pre-cursor progesterone? 

    • Cortisol

    • Testosterone

    • ACTH

    • Aldosterone

    Correct Answer
    A. ACTH
    Explanation
    ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) does not require the precursor progesterone. ACTH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands. Cortisol, testosterone, and aldosterone are all steroid hormones that are derived from progesterone. However, ACTH itself does not require progesterone as a precursor for its synthesis.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following hormones causes increased atrial pressure and decreases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys? 

    • Atrial natriuretic peptide

    • PTH

    • Aldosterone

    • Vasopressin

    Correct Answer
    A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
    Explanation
    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that is released by the atria of the heart in response to increased atrial pressure. ANP acts on the kidneys to decrease sodium reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of sodium in the urine. This helps to decrease blood volume and blood pressure. Therefore, ANP causes increased atrial pressure and decreases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following is not a function of Progesterone? 

    • Causes increased body temperature.

    • Causes some smooth muscle relaxation.

    • Causes increased spiral artery growth

    • Causes activation of FSH

    Correct Answer
    A. Causes activation of FSH
    Explanation
    Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It is responsible for causing increased body temperature and smooth muscle relaxation, which are important for maintaining pregnancy. Progesterone also promotes increased spiral artery growth, which is necessary for adequate blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy. However, progesterone does not cause activation of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). FSH is a hormone that is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries.

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  • Oct 03, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Nov 28, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    RNpedia.com
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