How Much Do You Know About Antidyslipidemic?

Explanation
Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant that works by binding to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion. This leads to increased clearance of cholesterol from the body, which in turn stimulates the liver to produce more cholesterol. However, cholestyramine can also increase triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol concentrations, particularly in patients with combined hyperlipidemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of both LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Therefore, when used as monotherapy, cholestyramine is most likely to increase this patient's triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol concentrations.

Explanation
Gemfibrozil is a medication used to lower triglyceride levels in the blood. It works by increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides. This leads to increased triglyceride hydrolysis, resulting in lower levels of triglycerides in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increased triglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase."

Explanation
Cholelithiasis, or the formation of gallstones, is a major toxicity associated with gemfibrozil therapy. Gemfibrozil is a medication commonly used to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. However, one of its side effects is an increased risk of gallstone formation. Gallstones are solid deposits that form in the gallbladder and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and indigestion. Therefore, cholelithiasis is a significant concern when considering the use of gemfibrozil as a therapeutic option.

Explanation
Niacin is most likely to exacerbate gout in a patient with dyslipidemia. Niacin is known to increase uric acid levels in the body, which can lead to gout attacks. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. Therefore, prescribing niacin to a patient with a history of gout and dyslipidemia may worsen their gout symptoms.

Explanation
During treatment with atorvastatin, it is important to routinely monitor serum concentrations of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. Atorvastatin is a statin medication used to treat dyslipidemia by reducing cholesterol levels. However, statins can cause liver damage, and monitoring liver function tests, such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels, is necessary to detect any potential liver toxicity. Monitoring blood urea, platelets, and red blood cells is not specifically required during atorvastatin treatment.

Explanation
Ezetimibe works by decreasing the absorption of cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract. This means that less cholesterol is able to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the food that is consumed. By reducing the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed, ezetimibe helps to lower total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in the body. This can be especially beneficial for patients who have high cholesterol levels that are not adequately controlled by other medications, such as atorvastatin.