Antiviral Agents Practice Quiz

Explanation
Amantidine is not an antiviral drug for HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) and VZV (Varicella-Zoster Virus). Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir, Famciclovir, Iododeoxyuridine, and Trifluridine are all antiviral drugs used to treat HSV and VZV infections. However, Amantidine is primarily used as an antiviral medication for the treatment of influenza A virus.

Explanation
Lamivudine is the treatment of choice for Hepatitis B virus because it is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for viral replication. It has been shown to effectively suppress viral replication, reduce liver inflammation, and improve liver function in patients with chronic Hepatitis B. Lamivudine is well-tolerated and has a low risk of side effects, making it a suitable option for long-term treatment.

Explanation
IFNa and Ribavirin are the treatment of choice for Hepatitis C virus. IFNa (Interferon-alpha) is a type of protein that helps boost the immune system's response to the virus, while Ribavirin is an antiviral medication that works by inhibiting the replication of the virus. The combination of these two drugs has been shown to be effective in suppressing the Hepatitis C virus and improving liver function in patients. Lamivudine and Adeno dipivoxil are not the recommended treatments for Hepatitis C.

Explanation
The correct answer includes the drugs Azidothymidine (AZT), Zidovudine (ZDV), Dideoxycytidine, Dideoxyinosine, Stavudine (d4T), and Lamivudine (3TC). These drugs are all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. They work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is necessary for the replication of the HIV virus. By blocking this enzyme, these drugs can help slow down the progression of the disease and improve the immune system's ability to fight off infections.

Explanation
Nevirapine and Delavirdine are both non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). NNRTIs are a class of antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. They work by binding to and inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is necessary for the replication of the HIV virus. By inhibiting this enzyme, NNRTIs prevent the virus from multiplying and spreading throughout the body. Azidothymine (AZT), Zidovudine (ZDV), Dideoxycytidine, Dideoxyinosine, Stavudine (d4T), and Lamivudine (3TC) are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which work in a different way by blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme at a different site. Therefore, the correct answer is Nevirapine and Delavirdine as they are the only NNRTIs listed.

Explanation
Activation of Acyclovir in HSV-infected cells:
ACV is converted to acylguanosine monophosphate (acylo-GMP) by herpes-specific viral Thymidine Kinase, then to acycloguanosine diphosphate (acylo-GDP) and to acycloguanosine triphosphate (acylo-GTP) by cellular kinases. The process requires 3 ATP molecules.

Explanation
Amantadine is an antiviral medication that is effective against Influenza A virus. It works by preventing the virus from entering and replicating within the host cells. Therefore, it is commonly prescribed to patients infected with Influenza A to alleviate symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness.

Explanation
The correct answer includes Amantadine, Rimantidine, Phosphonoformate, Phosphonoacetic acid, and Arildone. These are all non-nucleoside antiviral drugs. Amantadine and Rimantidine are used to treat influenza A virus infections, while Phosphonoformate and Phosphonoacetic acid are experimental antiviral agents. Arildone is an antiviral drug used against herpes simplex virus. The other options, such as Acyclovir, RIbavirin, Lamivudine, and Stavudine, are nucleoside antiviral drugs.

Explanation
The peptidomimetic protease inhibitor Ro 31-8959 is developed based on the chemical structure in the Gag-Pol polyprotein that serves as a natural substrate of HIV-I protease cleavage site. The sequence of amino acids used for the peptidomimetic PI is Glucamine-Asparagine-Tyrosine.

Explanation
Formivirsen (Vitravene) is a potent and selective antiviral agent for CMV retinitis. It is an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide that blocks transcription in CMV-infected cells. While it is effective in treating CMV retinitis, it does not cure the condition. It is administered intravitreally, meaning it is injected into the eye. Therefore, all of the statements in the answer are correct.