8th Grade Interim Assessment #1 Intervention - 8.1.4

1. 6. The Enlightenment idea of natural, basic rights of life, liberty, and property was by

A. Montesquieu

B. Rousseau

C. Voltaire

D. Locke

John Locke was a prominent philosopher during the Enlightenment era who developed the concept of natural rights, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. His ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic societies and are considered foundational to the concept of human rights. Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire were also influential Enlightenment thinkers, but they did not specifically focus on the concept of natural rights in the same way that Locke did.

Explanation

John Locke was a prominent philosopher during the Enlightenment era who developed the concept of natural rights, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. His ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic societies and are considered foundational to the concept of human rights. Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire were also influential Enlightenment thinkers, but they did not specifically focus on the concept of natural rights in the same way that Locke did.

2. 2. America will base their Legislative Branch on

A. English Parliament

B. Roman republic

C. French Estates General

D. Locke's social contract

America will base their Legislative Branch on the English Parliament because the American system of government was heavily influenced by British political institutions. The English Parliament, with its two houses, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, served as a model for the creation of the United States Congress, which also consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The American Founding Fathers drew inspiration from the English Parliament's system of checks and balances and representative democracy, making it the most logical choice for the basis of America's Legislative Branch.

Explanation

America will base their Legislative Branch on the English Parliament because the American system of government was heavily influenced by British political institutions. The English Parliament, with its two houses, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, served as a model for the creation of the United States Congress, which also consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The American Founding Fathers drew inspiration from the English Parliament's system of checks and balances and representative democracy, making it the most logical choice for the basis of America's Legislative Branch.

3. 1. The idea of separation of powers, or a three branch government system was the idea of which Enlightenment thinker?

A. Kepler

B. Montesquieu

C. Locke

D. Rousseau

Montesquieu is credited with the idea of the separation of powers, which refers to the division of government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. This system ensures a balance of power and prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful. Montesquieu's ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic governments, including the United States.

Explanation

Montesquieu is credited with the idea of the separation of powers, which refers to the division of government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. This system ensures a balance of power and prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful. Montesquieu's ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic governments, including the United States.

4. 3. The historical document that limited a leader's power and made him/her subject to law was the

A. English Bill of Rights

B. Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen

C. Magna Carta

D. Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

The Magna Carta was a historical document that limited a leader's power and made him/her subject to law. It was signed in 1215 by King John of England and established the principle that even the king was not above the law. The Magna Carta granted certain rights to the nobles and limited the king's ability to impose taxes and make decisions without consulting his advisors. It laid the foundation for the concept of constitutional law and influenced the development of democratic principles in England and other countries.

Explanation

The Magna Carta was a historical document that limited a leader's power and made him/her subject to law. It was signed in 1215 by King John of England and established the principle that even the king was not above the law. The Magna Carta granted certain rights to the nobles and limited the king's ability to impose taxes and make decisions without consulting his advisors. It laid the foundation for the concept of constitutional law and influenced the development of democratic principles in England and other countries.

5. 4. The biggest impact of the writing of the English Bill of Rights is

A. power of authority went to the monarchs

B. power of authority went to Parliament

C. power of authority went to the church

D. all of the above; powers were shared

The correct answer is b. power of authority went to Parliament. The English Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, was a significant turning point in the balance of power between the monarchy and Parliament. It established that the monarch's authority was subject to the law and required the consent of Parliament. This shift of power allowed Parliament to have more control over decision-making and limited the monarch's ability to rule without accountability. The English Bill of Rights laid the foundation for the constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy that exists in the United Kingdom today.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. power of authority went to Parliament. The English Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, was a significant turning point in the balance of power between the monarchy and Parliament. It established that the monarch's authority was subject to the law and required the consent of Parliament. This shift of power allowed Parliament to have more control over decision-making and limited the monarch's ability to rule without accountability. The English Bill of Rights laid the foundation for the constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy that exists in the United Kingdom today.