*8th Science Benchmark HMS 2015-16* Final

1.

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2.

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3.

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4.

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5.

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6.

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7. Two substances are mixed in four beakers, and a thermometer is placed in each beaker. The thermometers are checked every minute for five minutes, and the temperature is recorded in the table. Temperature in Beakers Over Time

Time (minutes)	Beaker A (◦C)	Beaker B (◦C)	Beaker C (◦C)	Beaker D (◦C)
0	20	20	20	20
1	21	19	21	20
2	22	18	22	20
3	20	18	23	20
4	20	17	24	20
5	20	16	25	20

Which beaker shows the greatest temperature change over five minutes?

Beaker A

Beaker B

Beaker C

Beaker D

Beaker C shows the greatest temperature change over five minutes. This can be determined by comparing the initial and final temperatures of each beaker. In Beaker C, the temperature starts at 18°C and increases to 25°C, resulting in a temperature change of 7°C. In comparison, Beaker A has a temperature change of 1°C, Beaker B has a temperature change of 2°C, and Beaker D has a temperature change of 4°C. Therefore, Beaker C has the greatest temperature change.

Explanation

Beaker C shows the greatest temperature change over five minutes. This can be determined by comparing the initial and final temperatures of each beaker. In Beaker C, the temperature starts at 18°C and increases to 25°C, resulting in a temperature change of 7°C. In comparison, Beaker A has a temperature change of 1°C, Beaker B has a temperature change of 2°C, and Beaker D has a temperature change of 4°C. Therefore, Beaker C has the greatest temperature change.

8.

What is the total mass of the object?

10.01 g

11 g

12 g

101.0 g

The correct answer is 10.01 g. This answer is determined by the given options, and it is the only option that includes a decimal point. The other options are whole numbers, so they do not match the given answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is 10.01 g. This answer is determined by the given options, and it is the only option that includes a decimal point. The other options are whole numbers, so they do not match the given answer.

9.

Option 1

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Option 4

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10. According to Newton's second law of motion, in which of these situations is the object accelerating?

A book on a shelf

A helium balloon tied to a lamp post

A ball that has been thrown upward

A rock sitting on the ground

When a ball is thrown upward, it experiences a force in the opposite direction of its motion due to gravity. This force causes the ball to decelerate and eventually come to a stop before changing direction and accelerating downwards. Therefore, in this situation, the object (the ball) is accelerating.

Explanation

When a ball is thrown upward, it experiences a force in the opposite direction of its motion due to gravity. This force causes the ball to decelerate and eventually come to a stop before changing direction and accelerating downwards. Therefore, in this situation, the object (the ball) is accelerating.

11.

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12.

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13.

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14.

Spring

Summer

Fall

Winter

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15.

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16.

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17.

Option A

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Option C

Option D

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18.

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19.

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20. Which Law of Motion says an object at rest stays at rest and objects in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a by an unbalanced force?

Newton's First Law of Motion

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Newton's Law of inertia

Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is also known as the law of inertia, which describes the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion. Therefore, the correct answer is Newton's First Law of Motion.

Explanation

Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is also known as the law of inertia, which describes the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion. Therefore, the correct answer is Newton's First Law of Motion.

21.

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

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22.

The bobcat population will increase due to the reduced number of animals that prey upon the bobcats.

The leafy weeds population will increase due to reduced feeding pressure from reduced numbers of rabbits.

The loss of the rabbit population will cause the bobcat population to change its diet to include blackberry.

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23.

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24.

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25.

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26.

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27.

Cell → organ → tissue → organ system

Organ system → cell → tissue → organ

Tissue → organ → organ system → cell

Cell → tissue → organ → organ system

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28.

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29. In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). The following table shows five possible crosses for round and wrinkled peas.

Two pea plants produce an offspring with a genotype of Rr. Which three numbers from the table represent possible parents of pea plant Rr?

1 or 2 or 3

2 or 3 or 4

3 or 4 or 5

4 or 5 or 1

The genotype of the offspring is Rr, which means that it inherited one dominant allele (R) and one recessive allele (r) from its parents. Looking at the table, the only crosses that can produce an offspring with the genotype Rr are crosses 2, 3, and 4. In these crosses, one parent must have the genotype RR (dominant allele from both parents) and the other parent must have the genotype rr (recessive allele from both parents). Therefore, the possible parents of pea plant Rr are the ones involved in crosses 2, 3, and 4.

Explanation

The genotype of the offspring is Rr, which means that it inherited one dominant allele (R) and one recessive allele (r) from its parents. Looking at the table, the only crosses that can produce an offspring with the genotype Rr are crosses 2, 3, and 4. In these crosses, one parent must have the genotype RR (dominant allele from both parents) and the other parent must have the genotype rr (recessive allele from both parents). Therefore, the possible parents of pea plant Rr are the ones involved in crosses 2, 3, and 4.

30.

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

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31. What is the tendancy of an object to resist change in its motion?

Acceleration

Motion

Speed

Inertia

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. It is a property of matter that causes an object to stay at rest or continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia can be observed when a moving object comes to a stop or when a stationary object is pushed or pulled. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia, and the more force is required to change its motion.

Explanation

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. It is a property of matter that causes an object to stay at rest or continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia can be observed when a moving object comes to a stop or when a stationary object is pushed or pulled. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia, and the more force is required to change its motion.

32.

Fertilizers eliminate the bacteria and increase the absorption of oil.

Fertilizers do not affect the bacteria or the amount of oil that is cleaned up.

Fertilizers increase both the metabolic activity of the bacteria and the amount of oil that is cleaned up.

Fertilizers decrease both the metabolic activity of the bacteria and the amount of oil that is cleaned up.

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33.

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34.

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35. Which source of energy is nonrenewable?

Wind

Nuclear

Hydroelectric

Geothermal

Nuclear energy is considered nonrenewable because it relies on the use of uranium, a finite resource that is not naturally replenished on a human timescale. Once the uranium is used up, it cannot be replaced. In contrast, sources like wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy are renewable because they rely on natural processes that can be harnessed indefinitely, such as wind currents, water cycles, and heat from the Earth's core.

Explanation

Nuclear energy is considered nonrenewable because it relies on the use of uranium, a finite resource that is not naturally replenished on a human timescale. Once the uranium is used up, it cannot be replaced. In contrast, sources like wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy are renewable because they rely on natural processes that can be harnessed indefinitely, such as wind currents, water cycles, and heat from the Earth's core.

36. Sandy heated 20 grams of liquid Hydrogen Peroxide until it was completely broken down into liquid water and oxygen gas. Which of the following describes the total mass of the liquid water and the oxygen gas that was produced?

More than 20 grams because heat was added

Less than 20 grams because oxygen is very light

More than 20 grams because there are two new substances

20 grams because no matter was heated or removed

The total mass of the liquid water and the oxygen gas that was produced is 20 grams because no matter was heated or removed. This means that the mass of the reactants (liquid Hydrogen Peroxide) is equal to the mass of the products (liquid water and oxygen gas) in a chemical reaction. The reaction only involves a rearrangement of atoms, not a loss or gain of mass. Therefore, the total mass remains the same.

Explanation

The total mass of the liquid water and the oxygen gas that was produced is 20 grams because no matter was heated or removed. This means that the mass of the reactants (liquid Hydrogen Peroxide) is equal to the mass of the products (liquid water and oxygen gas) in a chemical reaction. The reaction only involves a rearrangement of atoms, not a loss or gain of mass. Therefore, the total mass remains the same.

37.

Infrared Radiation

UV Rays

X-rays

Gamma Rays

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38.

Option 1

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39. What is the volume of liquid in the cylinder?

16.0 ml

10.6 ml

10.3 ml

13.0 ml

The volume of liquid in the cylinder is 13.0 ml.

Explanation

The volume of liquid in the cylinder is 13.0 ml.

40.

Both hemispheres: Days are longer than nights.

Both hemispheres: Days are shorter than nights.

Southern Hemisphere: Days are longer than nights.

Northern Hemisphere: Days are longer than nights.

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41.

Quantitative data indicating that people will develop immunity to the bacteria

Qualitative data indicating that the bacteria that caused tetanus are now extinct

Qualitative data indicating that tetanus has become more deadly over the past 100 years

Quantitative data indicating that routine vaccination resulted in a decline in the number of cases

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42. Which chemical equation is balanced to show that mass is conserved during the reaction?

Na + Cl2---> NaCl

CH4 + O2 ----> CO2 + 2H2O

2H2O2 ----> 2H2O + O2

Na + Cl2 -----> NaCl

The given chemical equation 2H2O2 ----> 2H2O + O2 is balanced because there are equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The coefficient 2 in front of H2O2, H2O, and O2 ensures that there are equal numbers of hydrogen, oxygen, and water molecules on both sides of the equation, indicating that mass is conserved during the reaction.

Explanation

The given chemical equation 2H2O2 ----> 2H2O + O2 is balanced because there are equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The coefficient 2 in front of H2O2, H2O, and O2 ensures that there are equal numbers of hydrogen, oxygen, and water molecules on both sides of the equation, indicating that mass is conserved during the reaction.

43. The earth is composed of four layers. Which layer is continuously moving because of convection currents?

Crust

Mantle

Outer core

Inner core

The mantle is continuously moving because of convection currents. Convection currents occur due to the heat generated by the core of the Earth. As the hot material in the mantle rises, it cools and then sinks back down. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking creates convection currents, causing the movement of the mantle. This movement is responsible for various geological phenomena such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

Explanation

The mantle is continuously moving because of convection currents. Convection currents occur due to the heat generated by the core of the Earth. As the hot material in the mantle rises, it cools and then sinks back down. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking creates convection currents, causing the movement of the mantle. This movement is responsible for various geological phenomena such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

44.

14 million years

4 billion years

14 billion years

400 million years

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45. Which of the following represents the velocity of a moving object?

40 m north

40 m

40 s upward

40 north s

The correct answer is "40 m north" because it represents the velocity of a moving object. Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude and direction. In this case, the magnitude is 40 m and the direction is north. This answer provides both the magnitude and direction of the object's movement, making it the correct representation of velocity.

Explanation

The correct answer is "40 m north" because it represents the velocity of a moving object. Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude and direction. In this case, the magnitude is 40 m and the direction is north. This answer provides both the magnitude and direction of the object's movement, making it the correct representation of velocity.

46.

They are the same because the point toward the objects

They are the same because they have the same magnitude

They are different because they are different magnitudes

They are different because they have different directions

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47. Which of these describes the outcome of the collision between oceanic and continental crust?

The two portions of crust will stop moving.

The continental crust will subduct beneath the oceanic crust.

The two portions of crust will slide past one another, side by side.

The oceanic crust will subduct beneath the continental crust.

When oceanic and continental crust collide, the denser oceanic crust will subduct or sink beneath the less dense continental crust. This is because the oceanic crust is made up of denser basaltic rock, while the continental crust is composed of less dense granitic rock. As a result, the oceanic crust will be forced beneath the continental crust and into the mantle, creating a subduction zone.

Explanation

When oceanic and continental crust collide, the denser oceanic crust will subduct or sink beneath the less dense continental crust. This is because the oceanic crust is made up of denser basaltic rock, while the continental crust is composed of less dense granitic rock. As a result, the oceanic crust will be forced beneath the continental crust and into the mantle, creating a subduction zone.

48.

Water and oxygen

Glucose and oxygen

Carbon dioxide and water

Glucose and carbon dioxide

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49. Which of these describes how Earth's orbit around the sun determines the seasons of the Earth?

Earth’s distance from the sun changes as it orbits the sun.

Earth’s axis tilts on different parts of Earth toward or away from the sun at different points in Earth’s orbit.

Earth’s orbit around the sun brings different parts of Earth around to face warmer or cooler parts of the sun.

Earth’s axis tilts in a different direction as Earth orbits the sun.

Earth’s axis tilts in a different direction as Earth orbits the sun. This is the correct answer because the tilt of Earth's axis is responsible for the changing seasons. As Earth orbits the sun, the tilt causes different parts of the planet to receive different amounts of sunlight, resulting in the seasons. When one hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it experiences summer, while the other hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter. As Earth continues its orbit, the tilt gradually changes, causing the seasons to shift.

Explanation

Earth’s axis tilts in a different direction as Earth orbits the sun. This is the correct answer because the tilt of Earth's axis is responsible for the changing seasons. As Earth orbits the sun, the tilt causes different parts of the planet to receive different amounts of sunlight, resulting in the seasons. When one hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it experiences summer, while the other hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter. As Earth continues its orbit, the tilt gradually changes, causing the seasons to shift.