Hematologic System (Exam Mode) By Rnpedia.Com

Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. This means that it is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest) from the systolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts). Therefore, the correct answer is "Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure".

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is determined by the heart rate (HR), which is the number of heartbeats per minute, and the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each heartbeat. Therefore, the correct answer is HR and Stroke Volume.

Angiotension can directly cause the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. When angiotensin is released, it stimulates the production and release of aldosterone, which in turn promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure. Therefore, aldosterone is the correct answer as it is directly influenced by angiotension.

Prothrombin is an alpha globulin and is produced by the liver.

The subclavian vein is not considered a tributary of the portal vein because it does not drain into the portal vein. The portal vein receives blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas, while the subclavian vein drains blood from the upper extremities and the head and neck. Therefore, it is not included in the list of tributaries of the portal vein.

The correct answer is Basilar. Inside the cranial cavity, the vertebral arteries come together to form the basilar artery. The basilar artery is an important blood vessel that supplies blood to the brainstem and the posterior part of the brain. It is formed by the fusion of the two vertebral arteries at the base of the skull.

During ventricular diastole, the ventricles of the heart are relaxed and filling with blood. This is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles are not contracting. As a result, the volume of blood in the ventricles increases, preparing them for the next contraction. This increased ventricular volume is necessary for the heart to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body during the subsequent systole phase.

The celiac artery is responsible for creating the left splenic, hepatic, and gastric arteries. The celiac artery is a major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs, including the spleen, liver, and stomach. It branches off into the left splenic artery, left gastric artery, and common hepatic artery, which further divides into the proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery. These arteries play a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the respective organs and maintaining their normal functioning.

The right coronary artery divides to form the posterior interventricular artery and the marginal artery.

Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. The left ventricle of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. When the left ventricle fails to pump efficiently, it can cause a backup of blood in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema. This is because the left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood from the lungs to the rest of the body, and if it fails to do so effectively, fluid can accumulate in the lungs.

The descending thoracic aorta gives rise to several major branches that supply blood to various organs and tissues. The mediastinal artery, bronchial artery, and posterior intercostal arteries are all considered major branches off of the descending thoracic aorta. However, the renal artery is not considered a major branch off of the descending thoracic aorta. The renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta, not the descending thoracic aorta. They supply blood to the kidneys, which are located in the abdominal cavity.

The brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery. This is a common anatomical arrangement in humans, where the brachiocephalic artery is the first branch of the aortic arch and supplies blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs. The right subclavian artery further branches into smaller arteries that supply blood to the right arm and other structures in the upper chest and shoulder region.

Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the coronary sinus next. The coronary sinus is a large vein located on the posterior surface of the heart. It collects deoxygenated blood from the cardiac veins and then delivers it into the right atrium of the heart. This blood will then be pumped into the right ventricle and eventually sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

The innermost layer of a blood vessel is lined with simple squamous cells. This type of epithelial tissue is composed of a single layer of flat, scale-like cells that allow for easy diffusion of gases and nutrients across the vessel walls. Simple squamous cells are thin and delicate, providing a smooth surface that reduces friction as blood flows through the vessels. They also play a role in the filtration of waste products and the secretion of substances into the blood.

Accelerator nerves can be found joining the SA and AV nodes in the heart. These nerves are responsible for increasing the heart rate and enhancing the conduction of electrical signals between the nodes. They play a crucial role in regulating the heart's rhythm and ensuring efficient blood circulation throughout the body.

During ventricular systole, the ventricles of the heart contract and pump blood out into the aorta and pulmonary artery. This contraction leads to an increase in aortic pressure as blood is forcefully pushed out of the left ventricle into the aorta. The increased aortic pressure is necessary to ensure that blood is efficiently delivered to the rest of the body. The other options listed - increased ventricular volume, dup heart sound, and P wave - do not specifically occur during ventricular systole.

The first branch off the aortic arch is the brachiocephalic artery. This artery supplies blood to the right arm and the right side of the head and neck. It is the first branch because it splits off directly from the aortic arch before further branching into the common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. The thoracic artery is not a branch off the aortic arch.

The question asks for the major branch off of the abdominal aorta, and the correct answer is the Mediastinal artery. The other options, Phrenic artery, Common iliac artery, and Gonadal artery, are all major branches off of the abdominal aorta. The Mediastinal artery is not considered a major branch off of the abdominal aorta but is instead a branch off of the thoracic aorta.

The deep circumflex iliac artery is not considered a major branch off of the femoral artery. The femoral artery gives rise to several major branches, including the superficial pudendal arteries, deep external pudendal arteries, and superficial circumflex iliac artery. However, the deep circumflex iliac artery is not one of these major branches.

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