The Hematologic System Chapter 15

When an injury with bleeding occurs, applying pressure is the first step to take. This helps to control and reduce the bleeding by compressing the blood vessels and promoting clotting. Applying pressure with a clean cloth or towel directly on the wound can help to stem the flow of blood and prevent further blood loss. This immediate action can buy time until medical professionals arrive or further treatment can be administered.

The statement is true because the normal range for red blood cells (RBCs) in adults is indeed 4.2-6.2 million/mm3 and it does vary by gender. This range represents the typical number of RBCs found in a specific volume of blood and is used to assess the overall health and oxygen-carrying capacity of an individual. It is important to note that the normal range can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the specific reference values used.

Red blood cells, or RBCs, carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body and transport a portion of carbon dioxide away from the cells back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain a protein called hemoglobin that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the tissues. RBCs are specialized cells that lack a nucleus and other organelles, allowing them to have more space to carry oxygen.

Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and destroy bacteria. It is a vital part of the immune response, as it helps to eliminate harmful pathogens from the body. During phagocytosis, specialized cells called phagocytes recognize and engulf bacteria, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes that destroy the bacteria. Phagocytosis plays a crucial role in protecting the body against infections and maintaining overall health.

Blood cells do indeed develop from stem cells located in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis. Stem cells in the bone marrow have the ability to differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Erythropoiesis specifically refers to the formation of red blood cells. These stem cells undergo a series of maturation steps and eventually differentiate into mature blood cells, which are then released into the bloodstream. Therefore, the statement is true.

Blood cells develop from stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These stem cells are found in the bone marrow and are responsible for continuously producing new blood cells throughout a person's life. They undergo a process called hematopoiesis, where they differentiate into different types of blood cells to maintain the body's blood cell count and function. Stem cells are therefore crucial for the development and replenishment of blood cells in the body.

Blood loss from an artery is bright red and will gush forth in spurts at regular intervals as the heart contracts. This is because arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, and the blood is under high pressure due to the heart's pumping action. When an artery is injured, the blood spurts out forcefully in sync with the heart's contractions, resulting in bright red blood loss.

Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. They are constantly produced in the bone marrow and play a crucial role in transporting oxygen to various organs and tissues in the body. As they age, they become less flexible and are eventually removed from circulation by the spleen. The constant replenishment of red blood cells ensures that the body maintains an adequate oxygen supply.

An increase in monocytes usually indicates infection. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response against infections. When the body is infected, monocytes are recruited to the site of infection to help fight off the pathogens. Therefore, an increase in monocytes in the blood is often a sign that the body is actively fighting an infection.

The spleen acts as a reservoir for extra blood in the body. It stores a significant amount of blood, which can be released into circulation when needed. The spleen also plays a role in filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream. It helps maintain a balanced blood volume and can release stored blood during times of increased demand, such as during physical activity or in response to bleeding.

the kidney

Blood loss from a vein leaks slowly and steadily because veins have thinner walls compared to arteries. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and when there is a rupture or injury to a vein, blood flows out at a slower rate. The dark red color of the blood is due to the deoxygenated state. Since the question repeats the word "vein," it emphasizes that the correct answer is indeed "vein."

Blood plays a crucial role in transporting various substances to cells. This includes water, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and medication. These substances are essential for the proper functioning and nourishment of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "transportation, Transportation, Transport, transport".

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that make up 3%-7% of the total WBC count. They have the ability to differentiate into macrophages, which are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens and cellular debris. Monocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by presenting antigens to other immune cells and initiating the inflammatory process. Therefore, the given answer "Monocytes" is correct as it accurately describes the role and composition of these cells in the immune system.

Platelets have a lifespan of approximately 10 days. They are small cell fragments found in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. Platelets are constantly produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood until they are either used in clot formation or removed from the body. Due to their short lifespan, the body needs to continuously produce new platelets to maintain adequate levels for clotting purposes.

Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow. This deficiency in cell production is caused by a bone marrow disorder. Leukopenia refers specifically to a decrease in white blood cells, Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in platelets, and Malignant Leukemia refers to a cancerous condition of the white blood cells. Therefore, Aplastic anemia is the most appropriate answer as it encompasses the overall deficiency in cell production resulting from a bone marrow disorder.

The average amount of blood loss from menstruation is less than 80 mL per cycle. This means that on average, women lose less than 80 mL of blood during their menstrual cycle.

Blood performs several important functions in the body. One of these functions is the regulation of pH and acid-base balance through its buffering abilities. This means that blood helps maintain the body's pH within a normal range, preventing it from becoming too acidic or too basic. Blood also plays a role in regulating body temperature, helping to maintain a stable internal temperature. Additionally, blood provides clotting factors that are necessary for hemostasis, the process of blood clot formation to prevent excessive bleeding.

decrease

As individuals age, there is a natural decline in plasma volume. This decrease in plasma volume is a result of various factors such as changes in hormone levels, decreased kidney function, and alterations in body composition. By the age of 60, the plasma volume has typically decreased compared to earlier years.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to bacterial infections. They work by engulfing and destroying bacteria through a process called phagocytosis. The answer "54%-62%" suggests that neutrophils make up this percentage range of the total WBC count. This indicates that neutrophils are one of the most abundant types of white blood cells in the body, highlighting their importance in combating bacterial infections.

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