3.5 Population Trends Quiz

1. Scientists predict population sizes by using:

Survivorship, immigration rates, and life expectancy

Life expectancy, age structure, and migration

Replacement rate, age rates, and survivorship

Age structure, survivorship, and fertility rates

Scientists predict population sizes by using age structure, survivorship, and fertility rates. Age structure refers to the distribution of individuals in different age groups within a population, which helps determine the potential for future growth or decline. Survivorship refers to the probability of individuals surviving to different ages, which helps estimate how long individuals are likely to live and contribute to the population. Fertility rates measure the average number of offspring produced by individuals, which helps determine the rate at which new individuals are added to the population. By analyzing these factors, scientists can make predictions about future population sizes.

Explanation

Scientists predict population sizes by using age structure, survivorship, and fertility rates. Age structure refers to the distribution of individuals in different age groups within a population, which helps determine the potential for future growth or decline. Survivorship refers to the probability of individuals surviving to different ages, which helps estimate how long individuals are likely to live and contribute to the population. Fertility rates measure the average number of offspring produced by individuals, which helps determine the rate at which new individuals are added to the population. By analyzing these factors, scientists can make predictions about future population sizes.

2. Which of the following age structure diagrams shows a country experiencing rapid population growth?

Age structure diagram B shows a country experiencing rapid population growth. This is indicated by the large number of young individuals in the population pyramid, representing a high birth rate. The diagram also shows a narrower top, indicating a lower proportion of elderly individuals, which is characteristic of a country with a high population growth rate.

Explanation

Age structure diagram B shows a country experiencing rapid population growth. This is indicated by the large number of young individuals in the population pyramid, representing a high birth rate. The diagram also shows a narrower top, indicating a lower proportion of elderly individuals, which is characteristic of a country with a high population growth rate.

3. Countries experiencing negative population growth are most likely to have:

A greater percentage of children than adults

The same percentage of children as adults

A lower percentage of children than adults

Countries experiencing negative population growth are most likely to have a lower percentage of children than adults because negative population growth indicates that the number of deaths and emigration are higher than the number of births and immigration. This leads to a decrease in the overall population, and since children make up a significant portion of the population, their percentage would be lower compared to adults.

Explanation

Countries experiencing negative population growth are most likely to have a lower percentage of children than adults because negative population growth indicates that the number of deaths and emigration are higher than the number of births and immigration. This leads to a decrease in the overall population, and since children make up a significant portion of the population, their percentage would be lower compared to adults.

4. Wealthy countries like Germany and Japan tend to have which type of survivorship, given that most people live to be very old?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Wealthy countries like Germany and Japan tend to have Type I survivorship because most people in these countries live to be very old. Type I survivorship is characterized by a low death rate at early and middle ages, with a high probability of surviving to old age. This is often seen in developed countries with advanced healthcare systems, high living standards, and access to quality healthcare services, which contribute to increased life expectancy and lower mortality rates.

Explanation

Wealthy countries like Germany and Japan tend to have Type I survivorship because most people in these countries live to be very old. Type I survivorship is characterized by a low death rate at early and middle ages, with a high probability of surviving to old age. This is often seen in developed countries with advanced healthcare systems, high living standards, and access to quality healthcare services, which contribute to increased life expectancy and lower mortality rates.

5. Which of the following is a TRUE statement based on the graph shown?

Women in Niger have more children on average than women in the United States.

The population of the United States is growing faster than the population of Niger.

The world population is decreasing.

The population of Niger is decreasing.

The graph shows that the fertility rate in Niger is higher than in the United States. This means that women in Niger have more children on average than women in the United States.

Explanation

The graph shows that the fertility rate in Niger is higher than in the United States. This means that women in Niger have more children on average than women in the United States.