1st Sem Review Unit 9
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- 1.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the Gilded Age?
- A.
Politics were heavily dominated by one party
- B.
Business activity expanded and contracted frequently
- C.
The tariff issue was finally resolved
- D.
The presidents were very effective and active leaders
- E.
Labor unions gained new rights for skilled and unskilled workers
Correct Answer
B. Business activity expanded and contracted frequentlyExplanation
During the Gilded Age, business activity experienced frequent expansions and contractions. This period, which occurred in the late 19th century, was characterized by rapid industrialization and economic growth. However, this growth was often accompanied by periods of economic instability, such as recessions and financial panics. As a result, business activity fluctuated frequently, reflecting the volatile nature of the economy during this time.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Although he invented dozens of products perhaps Thomas Edison’s major contribution was
- A.
The phonograph
- B.
The incandescent light bulb
- C.
AC Current
- D.
The telephone
- E.
The typewiter
Correct Answer
B. The incandescent light bulbExplanation
Thomas Edison's major contribution was the invention of the incandescent light bulb. This invention revolutionized the way people live and work by providing a reliable and efficient source of artificial light. The incandescent light bulb paved the way for the modern lighting industry and had a significant impact on various sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and entertainment. Edison's invention not only improved the quality of life but also played a crucial role in the development of other technologies and industries.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All of the following were important technological innovations that first appeared in urban America between 1865 and 1890 EXCEPT
- A.
Electricity
- B.
Public Water Systems
- C.
Skyscrapers
- D.
Telephones
- E.
The Bessemer Process
Correct Answer
B. Public Water SystemsExplanation
During the period between 1865 and 1890, various technological innovations emerged in urban America. Electricity, skyscrapers, telephones, and the Bessemer Process were all significant advancements during this time. However, public water systems were not a technological innovation that first appeared in urban America between 1865 and 1890. Public water systems had already been established in some cities prior to this period, and therefore they do not fit the criteria of being a new technological innovation during this specific time frame.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Bessemer process was an important technological innovation in
- A.
Railroads
- B.
The manufacture of steel
- C.
Communication
- D.
The production of electricity
- E.
Purifying potable water
Correct Answer
B. The manufacture of steelExplanation
The Bessemer process was a significant technological innovation in the manufacture of steel. This process, developed by Sir Henry Bessemer in the 19th century, allowed for the mass production of steel by converting iron into steel through the removal of impurities. It involved blowing air through molten iron to oxidize the impurities and create a purer form of steel. This innovation revolutionized the steel industry, making it faster, more efficient, and more cost-effective, leading to the widespread use of steel in various industries such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is significant in history because
- A.
It effectively regulated businesses of the time
- B.
It created a model for future federal regulatory commissions.
- C.
It hindered the success of labor unions
- D.
It showed the government was not laissez-faire
- E.
It finally showed a shift in the attitude of the government towards businesses
Correct Answer
B. It created a model for future federal regulatory commissions.Explanation
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is significant in history because it created a model for future federal regulatory commissions. This act established the first regulatory agency in the United States, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which was tasked with regulating the railroad industry. The creation of the ICC set a precedent for future regulatory agencies, demonstrating that the government had a role to play in regulating businesses and ensuring fair practices. This marked a shift in the attitude of the government towards businesses and paved the way for future regulations and oversight of various industries.Rate this question:
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- 6.
With the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 federal policy toward the railroads shifted from the
- A.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the granting of land subsidies
- B.
Granting of land subsidies to the prohibition of rebates to favored customers
- C.
Granting of land subsidies to the effective regulation of trusts
- D.
The effective regulation of trusts to the prohibiton of rebates to favored customers
- E.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the effective regulation of trusts
Correct Answer
B. Granting of land subsidies to the prohibition of rebates to favored customersExplanation
The passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 marked a shift in federal policy towards the railroads. Initially, the policy was focused on prohibiting rebates to favored customers, which allowed discriminatory pricing practices. However, with the passage of the act, the policy changed to granting land subsidies to the railroads. This was done to encourage the expansion of the rail network and promote economic development. Additionally, the act also aimed to effectively regulate trusts, which were large corporations that controlled multiple railroads. Therefore, the correct answer is "Granting of land subsidies to the prohibition of rebates to favored customers."Rate this question:
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- 7.
During the late 19th century, vertical integration specifically allowed businesses to
- A.
Expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
Expand their control over competitors
- C.
Dominate the market and eliminate all competition
- D.
Refuse to hire union members
- E.
Break strikes by hiring scabs
Correct Answer
A. Expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturingExplanation
Vertical integration refers to a business strategy where a company controls multiple stages of the production and distribution process. By integrating vertically, businesses can expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing. This means that they can have a greater influence over the entire supply chain, from sourcing raw materials to delivering the final product to customers. This allows them to streamline operations, reduce costs, and have more control over quality and delivery. By expanding their control in these areas, businesses can gain a competitive advantage in the market.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Horizontal integration i.e. (one firm acquiring control of other firms that produce the same product) at the end of the 19th century was a response to
- A.
Rockefeller's domination of the market
- B.
New government regulation
- C.
Labor unions
- D.
Vertical integration
- E.
Economic competition
Correct Answer
E. Economic competitionExplanation
During the late 19th century, horizontal integration, which refers to a company acquiring control over other firms producing the same product, was a response to economic competition. As Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company dominated the market, other companies sought to compete by merging with or acquiring their competitors. This strategy allowed them to increase their market share, eliminate competition, and gain more control over the industry. By consolidating resources and reducing competition, companies could achieve economies of scale and potentially increase their profitability. Therefore, economic competition was the driving force behind the adoption of horizontal integration as a business strategy during that time.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In the late 19th Century controversy over the social and religious implications of Darwinian theory, all of the following popular beliefs were felt to be threatened by Darwin EXCEPT the
- A.
Theological doctrine of "design"
- B.
Accuracy of the old testament
- C.
Reality of change in the world
- D.
Uniqueness of man in nature
- E.
The concept of the deserving poor in the work force
Correct Answer
C. Reality of change in the worldExplanation
During the late 19th Century, there was a controversy surrounding the social and religious implications of Darwinian theory. Many popular beliefs were felt to be threatened by Darwin, including the theological doctrine of "design," the accuracy of the Old Testament, the uniqueness of man in nature, and the concept of the deserving poor in the workforce. However, the reality of change in the world was not felt to be threatened by Darwin. This suggests that people at the time still recognized and accepted the concept of change and evolution in the natural world, even if they disagreed with its implications for other aspects of their beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Some historians have labeled John D. Rockefeller and other big businessmen of the Gilded Age as “Robber Barons” because they
- A.
Created monopolies
- B.
Used political machines to control the elections
- C.
Drained the country of its natural resources
- D.
Were ruthless competitors who cheated their investors and exploited their workers
- E.
Paid their workers meager wages
Correct Answer
D. Were ruthless competitors who cheated their investors and exploited their workersExplanation
During the Gilded Age, John D. Rockefeller and other big businessmen were labeled as "Robber Barons" because they were ruthless competitors who prioritized their own profits over the well-being of their investors and workers. They engaged in unethical practices such as cheating investors and exploiting workers to maximize their personal wealth. This behavior demonstrated their disregard for the welfare of those who contributed to their success, earning them the negative label of "Robber Barons."Rate this question:
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- 11.
"The Gospel of Wealth,” an idea proposed by Andrew Carnegie, was based on the assumption that
- A.
The corrupt political system could still be reformed
- B.
Anyone could rise from rags to riches with a little luck and hard work
- C.
Society's wealth should be distributed more evenly
- D.
The impoverished need help from the wealthy
- E.
Successful industrialists were trustees for society’s wealth
Correct Answer
E. Successful industrialists were trustees for society’s wealthExplanation
The idea of "The Gospel of Wealth" proposed by Andrew Carnegie suggests that successful industrialists have a responsibility to act as trustees for society's wealth. This means that they should use their wealth and resources to benefit society and improve the well-being of others. Carnegie believed that the wealthy had a duty to use their wealth for the greater good and to help those who were less fortunate. By acting as trustees, successful industrialists could contribute to the betterment of society and create a more equitable distribution of wealth.Rate this question:
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- 12.
“This, then, is held to be the duty of the men of wealth: To consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community- the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.” These sentiments are most characteristic of
- A.
How the Other Half Lives
- B.
The Gospel of Wealth
- C.
Common Sense
- D.
A Century of Dishonor
- E.
Turner's Thesis
Correct Answer
B. The Gospel of WealthExplanation
The given passage expresses the idea that wealthy individuals have a responsibility to use their surplus funds to benefit the community. This concept aligns with the principles outlined in "The Gospel of Wealth," an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889. In this essay, Carnegie argues that the rich have a duty to use their wealth for the greater good and to improve society. Therefore, the sentiments expressed in the passage are most characteristic of "The Gospel of Wealth."Rate this question:
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- 13.
John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust was
- A.
An organization of businesses expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
A legal device to circumvent state laws against interstate corporations
- C.
A collection of businesses used to eliminate economic competition
- D.
A monopoly used to circumvent the law
- E.
A combination of companies that did not officially merge
Correct Answer
B. A legal device to circumvent state laws against interstate corporationsExplanation
The correct answer is "A legal device to circumvent state laws against interstate corporations." This answer suggests that the Standard Oil Trust was created as a means to bypass state laws that restricted the operations of corporations across state lines. By organizing the businesses under a trust, Rockefeller was able to consolidate control over production, distribution, and manufacturing without violating these laws. This allowed Standard Oil to expand its reach and dominance in the industry.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What did the states try to pass anti-combination laws in the late 1880’s as a response to?
- A.
The idea of Social Darwinism
- B.
Claims that the government was too laissez-faire
- C.
The business monopolies of Rockefeller and other business men
- D.
The use of stockholding trusts to creating business oligopolies
- E.
The increasing power of labor unions
Correct Answer
D. The use of stockholding trusts to creating business oligopoliesExplanation
In the late 1880's, the states tried to pass anti-combination laws as a response to the use of stockholding trusts to create business oligopolies. This refers to the practice of multiple businesses coming together to form a trust, which allowed them to control prices, limit competition, and dominate the market. These trusts were seen as a threat to fair competition and the free market, prompting the states to pass laws to prevent their formation and maintain a more level playing field for businesses.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is true about the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
- A.
Was used to regulate labor unions more than trusts
- B.
Had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations
- C.
It was a response to the use of stockholding trusts to create business oligopolies
- D.
This will prove very effective under Roosevelt's administration
- E.
Showed the shift in attitude of the government towards businesses
Correct Answer
B. Had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporationsExplanation
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations. This means that when the act was first implemented, it did not have a significant and immediate effect on controlling or regulating the activities of large corporations. It took time for the act to be fully enforced and for its impact to be felt in the regulation of these corporations.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In the last decade of the 19th Century, the primary use of the Sherman Antitrust Act was
- A.
To actively end a longheld laissez-faire attitude of America
- B.
To restrain interstate trade or commerce
- C.
Non-existent because it was so innefective
- D.
To regulate business trusts
- E.
To curb labor unions
Correct Answer
E. To curb labor unionsExplanation
The Sherman Antitrust Act was primarily used in the last decade of the 19th century to curb labor unions. This act was enacted to prevent monopolistic practices and to promote fair competition in business. It was often used by employers to suppress the power of labor unions and prevent them from organizing and advocating for better working conditions and higher wages. The act was used to prosecute labor unions and their leaders, making it a tool to control and limit the influence of labor movements during that time.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Although Children worked in a variety of settings between 1870 and 1900, most working children toiled
- A.
In "Lowell" system mills
- B.
In mines
- C.
In the factories
- D.
On their parents’ farms
- E.
In hazardous conditions
Correct Answer
D. On their parents’ farmsExplanation
During the period between 1870 and 1900, children were often found working on their parents' farms. This is because many families in that era relied heavily on agriculture as a means of survival and sustenance. Children were expected to contribute to the farm work, performing tasks such as tending to animals, helping with planting and harvesting crops, and carrying out various chores. While working on their parents' farms, children were exposed to the hazards and risks associated with agricultural labor, which could include working with heavy machinery, handling dangerous tools, and being exposed to harsh weather conditions.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The Knights of Labor failed to achieve their goals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
Their attack on traditional republicanism
- B.
Force was used by business leaders making strikes a failure
- C.
Ethnic divisions within the labor force
- D.
Percieved anarchist element in the Haymarket affair
- E.
They had no real political agenda
Correct Answer
A. Their attack on traditional republicanismExplanation
The Knights of Labor failed to achieve their goals for the following reasons: force was used by business leaders making strikes a failure, ethnic divisions within the labor force, perceived anarchist element in the Haymarket affair, and they had no real political agenda. However, their attack on traditional republicanism is not mentioned as a reason for their failure.Rate this question:
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- 19.
American Federation of Labor, under the leadership of Samuel Gompers, organized
- A.
Western and southern farmers in order to create a political voice.
- B.
Skilled and unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- C.
Skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- D.
Silverites in order to create inflation.
- E.
Unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
Correct Answer
C. Skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.Explanation
The American Federation of Labor, led by Samuel Gompers, organized skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains. This means that the organization focused on representing and advocating for the interests of skilled workers who were part of specific trade unions. By organizing these workers, the AFL aimed to improve their working conditions, wages, and overall economic well-being.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The fundamental difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor was that the Knights
- A.
Led more violent stikes
- B.
Had a political agenda
- C.
Had greater success in their attempts for reform
- D.
Endorsed a policy of seeking more realistic economic gains
- E.
Welcomed all skilled and unskilled workers, blacks and women
Correct Answer
E. Welcomed all skilled and unskilled workers, blacks and womenExplanation
The correct answer is that the Knights of Labor welcomed all skilled and unskilled workers, blacks, and women. This sets them apart from the American Federation of Labor, which had more restrictive membership policies. The Knights of Labor aimed to create a unified labor movement that included workers from all backgrounds, while the American Federation of Labor focused primarily on representing skilled workers and excluded certain groups. This difference in inclusivity made the Knights of Labor more diverse and potentially more powerful in their efforts to advocate for labor reform.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of “bread and butter” unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?
- A.
The Wobblies
- B.
The Knights of Labor
- C.
The American Federation of Labor
- D.
The Sons of Liberty
- E.
The National Labor Union
Correct Answer
C. The American Federation of LaborExplanation
The American Federation of Labor endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by focusing on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions. This approach aimed to address the immediate needs and concerns of workers, rather than pursuing broader social or political goals. Unlike other labor organizations such as the Wobblies, Knights of Labor, Sons of Liberty, and National Labor Union, the American Federation of Labor prioritized the economic interests of its members.Rate this question:
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- 22.
American labor movement of the late 19th Century
- A.
Was involved in a number of nonviolent strikes
- B.
Was involved in a number of violent strikes
- C.
Helped women gain new rights
- D.
Worked hard to empower immigrants
- E.
Won improved conditions for skilled und unskilled workers
Correct Answer
B. Was involved in a number of violent strikesExplanation
The American labor movement of the late 19th Century was involved in a number of violent strikes. This means that instead of using peaceful methods to protest and negotiate for better working conditions and rights, the labor movement resorted to violent actions. This could include acts such as sabotage, destruction of property, and physical confrontations. These violent strikes were a result of the frustration and desperation of the workers who felt that peaceful means were not effective in bringing about the changes they desired.Rate this question:
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- 23.
An important consequence of the Haymarket Square Bombing of 1886 was that
- A.
Owners appealed to courts for court orders against unions
- B.
Union gains were limited for 30 years
- C.
The public associated this act with labor violence
- D.
The government began preventing labor unrest with military intervention
- E.
Skilled workers abandoned the Knights of Labor for the American Federation of Labor
Correct Answer
E. Skilled workers abandoned the Knights of Labor for the American Federation of LaborExplanation
The Haymarket Square Bombing of 1886 had the important consequence of skilled workers abandoning the Knights of Labor for the American Federation of Labor. This event, in which a bomb was thrown at a labor rally, led to a negative public perception of labor violence. As a result, skilled workers distanced themselves from the Knights of Labor, which was seen as associated with the violent act. Instead, they turned to the American Federation of Labor, which focused on organizing skilled workers and promoting their interests.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike was
- A.
A rally for safer working conditions
- B.
Wages being slashed with railroad workers
- C.
Frick's cutting of wages while the owner was in Europe
- D.
Pullman’s cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
- E.
The rally for an eight hour workday by many workers
Correct Answer
D. Pullman’s cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rentsExplanation
During the 1894 Pullman Strike, the precipitating factor was Pullman's decision to cut wages for its workers without making corresponding reductions in the rents of company housing. This decision created significant unrest and dissatisfaction among the workers, leading to the strike. The workers felt that their wages were being unjustly reduced while they still had to pay the same amount for housing, which caused a wave of protest and ultimately resulted in the strike.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Who were the strongest supporters of Populism during 1890’s?
- A.
Western and Southern Farmers
- B.
Silverites
- C.
Democrats
- D.
Northern and Eastern Merchants
- E.
Union Members
Correct Answer
A. Western and Southern FarmersExplanation
During the 1890s, Western and Southern Farmers were the strongest supporters of Populism. These farmers faced numerous challenges such as falling crop prices, high transportation costs, and mounting debt. They believed that the government should intervene to address these issues and protect their interests. Populist leaders like William Jennings Bryan advocated for policies such as the free coinage of silver and regulation of railroads to support the farmers' cause. The farmers saw Populism as a way to address their economic grievances and fight for their rights, making them the strongest supporters of the movement.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Of the following, which was the most important cause of agrarian discontent in the United States in the last quarter of the 19th Century?
- A.
Increased debt because of the expensive price of equipment
- B.
The government's lack of action after several key natural disasters
- C.
A high tariff was increasing the price of manufactured goods while preventing foreignors from earning the American currency needed to purchase American crops
- D.
The feeling that the railroads were exploiting the farmers
- E.
The feeling that poverty was inevitable without deflation offered by free-silver coinage
Correct Answer
D. The feeling that the railroads were exploiting the farmersExplanation
The feeling that the railroads were exploiting the farmers was the most important cause of agrarian discontent in the United States in the last quarter of the 19th century. Farmers believed that the railroads were charging exorbitant rates for transporting their crops, which significantly reduced their profits. This exploitation by the railroads led to widespread dissatisfaction among farmers and contributed to their overall discontent with the agricultural system.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In the late 19th Century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by
- A.
Natural disasters
- B.
Inflation
- C.
Discriminating freight rates
- D.
A high tariff
- E.
The Panic of 1893
Correct Answer
C. Discriminating freight ratesExplanation
During the late 19th century in the United States, farmers faced economic distress caused by discriminating freight rates. Discriminating freight rates referred to the practice of charging higher rates for transporting agricultural products compared to other goods. This unfair treatment put a burden on farmers, as it made it more expensive for them to transport their crops to markets. Consequently, farmers sought federal relief to address this issue and alleviate their financial difficulties.Rate this question:
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- 28.
During the late 1800’s many westerners demanded an increase in the supply of currency to achieve which of the following goals?
- A.
Higher prices for farm goods
- B.
A reduction of the power of eastern bankers
- C.
The expansion of silver mining
- D.
Lower prices for manufactured goods
- E.
Increased purchasing power
Correct Answer(s)
A. Higher prices for farm goods
B. A reduction of the power of eastern bankers
C. The expansion of silver miningExplanation
During the late 1800s, many westerners demanded an increase in the supply of currency to achieve higher prices for farm goods. This was because farmers were struggling with low prices for their products and believed that increasing the supply of currency would lead to inflation, thereby raising the prices of their goods. Additionally, they wanted to reduce the power of eastern bankers who controlled the financial system and had a significant influence on the economy. The expansion of silver mining was also seen as a way to increase the money supply and support higher prices. Overall, the goal was to increase purchasing power and improve the economic conditions for farmers in the West.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The cartoon shown above illustrates
- A.
The reliance of the various sectors of industry in America
- B.
Populist support for the power of the Eastern establishment
- C.
Populist resentment against the power of the Eastern establishment
- D.
The Eastern establishment's reliance on the Populists
- E.
Populism's power over the government
Correct Answer
C. Populist resentment against the power of the Eastern establishmentExplanation
The cartoon depicts a scene where a giant octopus labeled "Eastern Establishment" has its tentacles wrapped around various sectors of industry in America, such as railroads, banks, and factories. This imagery symbolizes the control and influence that the Eastern establishment has over these sectors. The angry expressions on the faces of the workers and the broken tools and machinery suggest a sense of resentment and frustration towards this power. Therefore, the correct answer is "Populist resentment against the power of the Eastern establishment."Rate this question:
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- 30.
The Omaha Platform of the Populist Party contained all of the following proposals EXCEPT
- A.
Direct election of senators
- B.
Graduated income tax
- C.
Immigration restrictions
- D.
Government ownership of the country's communication and transportation systems
- E.
Federal antitrust legislation
Correct Answer
E. Federal antitrust legislationExplanation
The Omaha Platform of the Populist Party included proposals such as direct election of senators, graduated income tax, government ownership of communication and transportation systems, and immigration restrictions. However, it did not include a proposal for federal antitrust legislation.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following would be most likely to vote for William Jennings Bryan in the presidential campaign of 1896?
- A.
A Kansas farmer
- B.
A New York merchant
- C.
William McKinley
- D.
A goldbug
- E.
A Republican
Correct Answer
A. A Kansas farmerExplanation
A Kansas farmer would be most likely to vote for William Jennings Bryan in the presidential campaign of 1896 because Bryan was a strong advocate for the interests of farmers. He supported policies such as the free coinage of silver, which would have increased the money supply and helped farmers who were struggling with debt. Bryan also championed the Populist movement, which aimed to address the economic challenges faced by farmers and rural communities. Therefore, a Kansas farmer, who likely faced similar challenges, would have been more inclined to support Bryan's campaign.Rate this question:
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- 32.
William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” oration was primarily an expression of his
- A.
Advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver
- B.
Advocacy of Puritan values in America
- C.
Advocacy of a gold standard
- D.
Advocacy of new restrictions on immigration
- E.
Advocacy of partial coinage of silver in a bimetallic system
Correct Answer
A. Advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silverExplanation
The correct answer is advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver. This can be inferred from the phrase "Cross of Gold" which refers to Bryan's famous speech at the Democratic National Convention in 1896 where he argued for the unlimited coinage of silver as a way to alleviate economic hardships faced by farmers and the working class. This position was in opposition to the gold standard, which Bryan believed favored the wealthy and limited the money supply.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Best explanation of failure of Populism was
- A.
It didn’t appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellers
- B.
Its absorption by the American Federation of Labor
- C.
The prosperity of the early 1890's undermined popular support for its economic reforms
- D.
The Republican party co-opted some of the Populist program and its constituents
- E.
The Panic of 1893
Correct Answer
A. It didn’t appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellersExplanation
Populism failed because it didn't appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellers. This suggests that the movement was unable to gain widespread support from these groups, which would have been crucial for its success. Without the backing of these key demographics, populism would have struggled to enact meaningful change or gain political power.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following is a valid criticism of the thesis that the federal government pursued a “Laissez-faire” policy during the nineteenth century?
- A.
It gave land grants to railroads and tariff protection to manufacturers
- B.
All of the presidents were very weak during this era
- C.
Social Darwinism refuted helping the poor
- D.
They purchased crops from farmers to relieve their problems
- E.
A single tax was imposed on businesses and the upper class of America
Correct Answer
A. It gave land grants to railroads and tariff protection to manufacturersExplanation
The given answer is a valid criticism of the thesis that the federal government pursued a "Laissez-faire" policy during the nineteenth century because providing land grants to railroads and tariff protection to manufacturers indicates government intervention and support for specific industries. This contradicts the idea of a hands-off approach and limited government involvement in the economy, which is the essence of a "Laissez-faire" policy.Rate this question:
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- 35.
During the 19th Century Republicans defended a high tariff policy partly on the grounds it
- A.
Guaranteed higher wages and individual advancement for American workers
- B.
Would lower the price of manufactured goods for farmers
- C.
Would limit the power of the federal government
- D.
Would draw attention away from the silver issue
- E.
Would weaken the power of the monopolies
Correct Answer
A. Guaranteed higher wages and individual advancement for American workersExplanation
The correct answer is "Guaranteed higher wages and individual advancement for American workers." During the 19th Century, Republicans supported a high tariff policy because they believed it would protect American industries from foreign competition. By imposing high tariffs on imported goods, they aimed to make foreign products more expensive and therefore encourage consumers to buy American-made goods. This, in turn, would create a higher demand for American products, leading to increased production and job opportunities. The Republicans believed that this would result in higher wages and individual advancement for American workers.Rate this question:
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- 36.
During the Gilded Age, the economic issue that most clearly divided the Republicans and Democrats was
- A.
The Tariff Issue
- B.
The Silver Issue
- C.
A Single Tax
- D.
How to resolve the Panic of 1893
- E.
The Bank of the United States
Correct Answer
A. The Tariff IssueExplanation
During the Gilded Age, the economic issue that most clearly divided the Republicans and Democrats was the Tariff Issue. The Republicans supported high tariffs to protect American industries and encourage economic growth, while the Democrats favored lower tariffs to promote free trade and reduce the cost of imported goods. This issue was a major point of contention between the two parties and reflected their differing views on economic policy and the role of government in the economy.Rate this question:
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- 37.
In 1890, the most important source of revenue for the federal government was
- A.
Income Tax
- B.
Poll Taxes
- C.
Sales Tax
- D.
Custom duties
- E.
Donations
Correct Answer
D. Custom dutiesExplanation
In 1890, the most important source of revenue for the federal government was custom duties. Custom duties are taxes imposed on goods that are imported or exported. During this time period, the United States relied heavily on tariffs on imported goods to generate revenue for the government. These tariffs were placed on a wide range of products, including textiles, steel, and agricultural goods. Custom duties provided a significant portion of the federal government's income and were an important source of funding for various government programs and initiatives.Rate this question:
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- 38.
All of the following were considered legitimate functions of the federal government in the late 19th Century EXCEPT
- A.
Assuring the welfare of the poor and unemployed
- B.
Dispensing of patronage jobs to party loyalists
- C.
Executing laws rather than making them
- D.
Filler
- E.
Filler
Correct Answer
A. Assuring the welfare of the poor and unemployedExplanation
In the late 19th century, the federal government had various functions, including executing laws rather than making them and dispensing patronage jobs to party loyalists. However, assuring the welfare of the poor and unemployed was not considered a legitimate function of the federal government during this time. This is because the prevailing belief was that individuals were responsible for their own well-being and the government should not intervene in matters of welfare. Social welfare programs were not yet established, and the government's role was primarily focused on maintaining law and order and promoting economic growth.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The most important long-term consequence of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was the
- A.
Institution of a merit and tenure system for the federal administration
- B.
Continuation of the spoils system
- C.
Free and unlimited coinage of silver
- D.
Removal of silver as a form of currency to ensure the gold standard
- E.
Regulation of trusts to prevent monopolization
Correct Answer
A. Institution of a merit and tenure system for the federal administrationExplanation
The correct answer is the Institution of a merit and tenure system for the federal administration. The Pendleton Act of 1883 was passed in order to reform the civil service system and reduce political patronage. It established a merit-based system for hiring and promoting federal employees, based on their qualifications and performance rather than political connections. This system aimed to ensure that government positions were filled by competent individuals and to prevent corruption and favoritism. The Act also introduced the concept of tenure, providing job security for civil servants and protecting them from arbitrary dismissals. Overall, the Pendleton Act significantly transformed the federal administration by professionalizing the civil service and promoting efficiency and fairness.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The “Mugwumps” played a crucial role in deciding the outcome of the Election of 1884 through their
- A.
Syphoning of votes from the Democratic candidate
- B.
Criticism of the Republican candidate and defection from the party
- C.
Defection from the Republican party in favor of the third party
- D.
Strong rallying against a two party system in favor of a three party system
- E.
Criticism of the Democratic candidate and defection from the party
Correct Answer
B. Criticism of the Republican candidate and defection from the partyExplanation
The Mugwumps played a crucial role in deciding the outcome of the Election of 1884 through their criticism of the Republican candidate and defection from the party. This suggests that the Mugwumps were dissatisfied with the Republican candidate and publicly voiced their criticism. Additionally, they chose to leave the party, which could have potentially impacted the election outcome by reducing support for the Republican candidate. Their actions could have influenced voters who were undecided or who were previously leaning towards the Republican candidate.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The Cleveland Administration angered farmers when it responded to the depression of the 1890’s by
- A.
Raising the tariff to increase the price of manufactured goods
- B.
Adding a new clause to the Sherman Silver Purchase Act to increase the coinage of silver
- C.
Lowering the tariff and increasing foreign competition
- D.
Refusing to offer relief after several key natural disasters
- E.
Repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and maintaining the gold standard
Correct Answer
E. Repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and maintaining the gold standardExplanation
The Cleveland Administration angered farmers when it repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and maintained the gold standard. This decision was seen as favoring the interests of bankers and industrialists over the struggling farmers. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act had required the government to purchase silver and issue it as currency, which would have increased the money supply and helped alleviate the economic depression. By repealing this act and maintaining the gold standard, the administration effectively limited the money supply and made it harder for farmers to pay off their debts and obtain credit. This decision further exacerbated the economic hardships faced by farmers during the depression of the 1890s.Rate this question:
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- 42.
During the Gilded Age, the Presidents were chiefly occupied in which of the following roles?
- A.
Assurer of welfare of the poor and unemployed
- B.
Executer of laws
- C.
Dispenser of patronage to party loyalists
- D.
Regulator of large business
- E.
Ambassador of foreign affairs
Correct Answer
C. Dispenser of patronage to party loyalistsExplanation
During the Gilded Age, the Presidents were chiefly occupied in the role of being a dispenser of patronage to party loyalists. This means that they were responsible for rewarding their political supporters with government positions and favors. This practice was common during this era, as political parties relied heavily on patronage to maintain their power and control. By rewarding loyal party members, Presidents could ensure their support and loyalty, which was crucial for their political success. This system of patronage played a significant role in shaping the political landscape and power dynamics during the Gilded Age.Rate this question:
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- 43.
All of the following factors contributed to the weakness of the presidents during the Gilded Age EXCEPT
- A.
They feared impeachment
- B.
They really believed that they should "execute" the laws, not make them
- C.
They simply were not good leaders
- D.
Control in Congress was equally split between the two parties
- E.
The relative absence of domestic tensions and strife
Correct Answer
E. The relative absence of domestic tensions and strifeExplanation
During the Gilded Age, the presidents faced various challenges and weaknesses. They feared impeachment, believed in executing laws rather than making them, and some were not effective leaders. Additionally, control in Congress was equally split between the two parties, which made it difficult for presidents to push their agendas. However, the relative absence of domestic tensions and strife did not contribute to the weakness of the presidents. This means that the lack of internal conflicts did not directly impact their ability to govern or lead effectively.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa, and the Americas between 1882 and 1900?
- A.
Discrimination and hostility towards Asian immigrants
- B.
Increased economic opportunities in Asia, South America, and Africa
- C.
Restrictive Congressional Legislation
- D.
The Panic of 1893
- E.
The Spanish-American War
Correct Answer
C. Restrictive Congressional LegislationExplanation
The curve on the graph depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa, and the Americas between 1882 and 1900 can be best accounted for by restrictive Congressional legislation. This legislation, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, imposed restrictions on immigration from certain regions, particularly Asia. These laws were driven by discrimination and hostility towards Asian immigrants, which led to a significant decrease in immigration from these regions during the specified time period. The graph shows a decline in immigration, which aligns with the implementation of restrictive legislation.Rate this question:
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- 45.
During the late 19th Century, significant reforms improved living conditions in major cities in all of the following area EXCEPT
- A.
Relief for the poor
- B.
Public Water Systems
- C.
Public Sewer Systems
- D.
Electricity was brought in
- E.
Increased transportation
Correct Answer
A. Relief for the poorExplanation
During the late 19th Century, significant reforms were implemented to improve living conditions in major cities. Public water systems, public sewer systems, and the introduction of electricity were all part of these reforms, leading to better sanitation, hygiene, and overall quality of life. Additionally, increased transportation options were developed to enhance mobility and connectivity within cities. However, relief for the poor was not a significant focus of these reforms, indicating that it was not addressed or improved to the same extent as the other areas.Rate this question:
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- 46.
In his 1879 novel, Progress and Poverty, Henry George advocated a method to end monopolies and promote social progress, known as the
- A.
Single Tax
- B.
Gospel of Wealth
- C.
Free and unlimited coinage of silver
- D.
Chinese Exclusion Act
- E.
Interstate Commerce Commision
Correct Answer
A. Single TaxExplanation
In his novel, Progress and Poverty, Henry George proposed the idea of a Single Tax as a solution to end monopolies and promote social progress. This concept suggests that instead of taxing individuals' incomes or property, there should be a single tax on the value of land. George believed that this would prevent the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, promote equal opportunities, and eliminate poverty. The Single Tax would also discourage speculation and unproductive use of land, while generating revenue for public services and infrastructure development.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The cartoon above is commentary on late 19th Century
- A.
The increased interest in politics
- B.
The mob's control over politics
- C.
The inefficiency of local governors to be elected to office
- D.
Municipal Corruption
- E.
The tight control businesses had over elections
Correct Answer
D. Municipal CorruptionExplanation
The cartoon is likely commenting on the issue of municipal corruption during the late 19th century. This can be inferred from the depiction of a mob-like figure with a bag of money, suggesting bribery and corruption in local government. The cartoon may be criticizing the lack of integrity and honesty in municipal politics, highlighting the need for reform and transparency in the electoral process.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The farmers’ protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890’s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
The absorption of the Populist by the American Federation of Labor
- B.
William Jennings Bryan's defeat in the 1896 election
- C.
Western and Southern farmers favored different political strategies
- D.
Racism strained the coalition of poor white and black farmers
- E.
The silver movement died
Correct Answer
A. The absorption of the Populist by the American Federation of LaborExplanation
The absorption of the Populist by the American Federation of Labor did not contribute to the loss of momentum in the farmers' protest movement at the end of the 1890s. This event actually helped to strengthen the movement by aligning the interests of farmers and laborers. The other reasons listed, such as William Jennings Bryan's defeat in the 1896 election, the differing political strategies of Western and Southern farmers, the strain of racism on the coalition of poor white and black farmers, and the decline of the silver movement, all played a role in the loss of momentum.Rate this question:
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- 49.
All of the following were reasons for the failure of the Populist party EXCEPT
- A.
The Yukon gold strike
- B.
The Democratic party co-opted some of the Populist program and its constituents
- C.
It didn't appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellers
- D.
The prosperity of the early 1890s undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms
- E.
Massive immigration into urban centers led to higher prices for agricultural products
Correct Answer
D. The prosperity of the early 1890s undermined popular support for Populist economic reformsExplanation
The prosperity of the early 1890s undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms. This suggests that the Populist party failed due to the fact that the economic conditions improved during the early 1890s, which led to a decrease in the support for their economic reforms. This implies that the other options, such as the Yukon gold strike, the Democratic party co-opting the Populist program, the lack of appeal to middle class farmers or city dwellers, and the impact of massive immigration on agricultural prices, were all reasons that contributed to the failure of the Populist party.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The Populist movement made significant contributions to the reforms of the Progressive Era in which of these areas?
- A.
Democratization of the political system
- B.
Improved working conditions of immigrants
- C.
Railroad regulation
- D.
Reform of the currency and banking systems
- E.
Reform of living conditions of the urban poor
Correct Answer(s)
A. Democratization of the political system
C. Railroad regulation
D. Reform of the currency and banking systemsExplanation
The Populist movement made significant contributions to the reforms of the Progressive Era in the areas of democratization of the political system, railroad regulation, and reform of the currency and banking systems. The Populists advocated for political reforms such as direct election of senators and the use of initiatives and referendums to give more power to the people. They also pushed for government regulation of railroads to prevent unfair practices and promote fair rates. Additionally, the Populists called for the reform of the currency and banking systems to address issues such as inflation and the power of big banks. These reforms aimed to address the concerns of the common people and reduce the influence of powerful elites.Rate this question:
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