1st Sem Review Unit 9
Settings
-
+
Do wellfiller filler filler filler filler
- 1.Which of the following is a correct statement about the Gilded Age?
- A.
Politics were heavily dominated by one party
- B.
Business activity expanded and contracted frequently
- C.
The tariff issue was finally resolved
- D.
The presidents were very effective and active leaders
- E.
Labor unions gained new rights for skilled and unskilled workers
- 2.Although he invented dozens of products perhaps Thomas Edison’s major contribution was
- A.
The phonograph
- B.
The incandescent light bulb
- C.
AC Current
- D.
The telephone
- E.
The typewiter
- 3.All of the following were important technological innovations that first appeared in urban America between 1865 and 1890 EXCEPT
- A.
Electricity
- B.
Public Water Systems
- C.
Skyscrapers
- D.
Telephones
- E.
The Bessemer Process
- 4.The Bessemer process was an important technological innovation in
- A.
Railroads
- B.
The manufacture of steel
- C.
Communication
- D.
The production of electricity
- E.
Purifying potable water
- 5.The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is significant in history because
- A.
It effectively regulated businesses of the time
- B.
It created a model for future federal regulatory commissions.
- C.
It hindered the success of labor unions
- D.
It showed the government was not laissez-faire
- E.
It finally showed a shift in the attitude of the government towards businesses
- 6.With the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 federal policy toward the railroads shifted from the
- A.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the granting of land subsidies
- B.
Granting of land subsidies to the prohibition of rebates to favored customers
- C.
Granting of land subsidies to the effective regulation of trusts
- D.
The effective regulation of trusts to the prohibiton of rebates to favored customers
- E.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the effective regulation of trusts
- 7.During the late 19th century, vertical integration specifically allowed businesses to
- A.
Expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
Expand their control over competitors
- C.
Dominate the market and eliminate all competition
- D.
Refuse to hire union members
- E.
Break strikes by hiring scabs
- 8.Horizontal integration i.e. (one firm acquiring control of other firms that produce the same product) at the end of the 19th century was a response to
- A.
Rockefeller's domination of the market
- B.
New government regulation
- C.
Labor unions
- D.
Vertical integration
- E.
Economic competition
- 9.In the late 19th Century controversy over the social and religious implications of Darwinian theory, all of the following popular beliefs were felt to be threatened by Darwin EXCEPT the
- A.
Theological doctrine of "design"
- B.
Accuracy of the old testament
- C.
Reality of change in the world
- D.
Uniqueness of man in nature
- E.
The concept of the deserving poor in the work force
- 10.Some historians have labeled John D. Rockefeller and other big businessmen of the Gilded Age as “Robber Barons” because they
- A.
Created monopolies
- B.
Used political machines to control the elections
- C.
Drained the country of its natural resources
- D.
Were ruthless competitors who cheated their investors and exploited their workers
- E.
Paid their workers meager wages
- 11."The Gospel of Wealth,” an idea proposed by Andrew Carnegie, was based on the assumption that
- A.
The corrupt political system could still be reformed
- B.
Anyone could rise from rags to riches with a little luck and hard work
- C.
Society's wealth should be distributed more evenly
- D.
The impoverished need help from the wealthy
- E.
Successful industrialists were trustees for society’s wealth
- 12.“This, then, is held to be the duty of the men of wealth: To consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community- the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.” These sentiments are most characteristic of
- A.
How the Other Half Lives
- B.
The Gospel of Wealth
- C.
Common Sense
- D.
A Century of Dishonor
- E.
Turner's Thesis
- 13.John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust was
- A.
An organization of businesses expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
A legal device to circumvent state laws against interstate corporations
- C.
A collection of businesses used to eliminate economic competition
- D.
A monopoly used to circumvent the law
- E.
A combination of companies that did not officially merge
- 14.What did the states try to pass anti-combination laws in the late 1880’s as a response to?
- A.
The idea of Social Darwinism
- B.
Claims that the government was too laissez-faire
- C.
The business monopolies of Rockefeller and other business men
- D.
The use of stockholding trusts to creating business oligopolies
- E.
The increasing power of labor unions
- 15.Which of the following is true about the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
- A.
Was used to regulate labor unions more than trusts
- B.
Had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations
- C.
It was a response to the use of stockholding trusts to create business oligopolies
- D.
This will prove very effective under Roosevelt's administration
- E.
Showed the shift in attitude of the government towards businesses
- 16.In the last decade of the 19th Century, the primary use of the Sherman Antitrust Act was
- A.
To actively end a longheld laissez-faire attitude of America
- B.
To restrain interstate trade or commerce
- C.
Non-existent because it was so innefective
- D.
To regulate business trusts
- E.
To curb labor unions
- 17.Although Children worked in a variety of settings between 1870 and 1900, most working children toiled
- A.
In "Lowell" system mills
- B.
In mines
- C.
In the factories
- D.
On their parents’ farms
- E.
In hazardous conditions
- 18.The Knights of Labor failed to achieve their goals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
Their attack on traditional republicanism
- B.
Force was used by business leaders making strikes a failure
- C.
Ethnic divisions within the labor force
- D.
Percieved anarchist element in the Haymarket affair
- E.
They had no real political agenda
- 19.American Federation of Labor, under the leadership of Samuel Gompers, organized
- A.
Western and southern farmers in order to create a political voice.
- B.
Skilled and unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- C.
Skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- D.
Silverites in order to create inflation.
- E.
Unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- 20.The fundamental difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor was that the Knights
- A.
Led more violent stikes
- B.
Had a political agenda
- C.
Had greater success in their attempts for reform
- D.
Endorsed a policy of seeking more realistic economic gains
- E.
Welcomed all skilled and unskilled workers, blacks and women
- 21.Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of “bread and butter” unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?
- A.
The Wobblies
- B.
The Knights of Labor
- C.
The American Federation of Labor
- D.
The Sons of Liberty
- E.
The National Labor Union
- 22.American labor movement of the late 19th Century
- A.
Was involved in a number of nonviolent strikes
- B.
Was involved in a number of violent strikes
- C.
Helped women gain new rights
- D.
Worked hard to empower immigrants
- E.
Won improved conditions for skilled und unskilled workers
- 23.An important consequence of the Haymarket Square Bombing of 1886 was that
- A.
Owners appealed to courts for court orders against unions
- B.
Union gains were limited for 30 years
- C.
The public associated this act with labor violence
- D.
The government began preventing labor unrest with military intervention
- E.
Skilled workers abandoned the Knights of Labor for the American Federation of Labor
- 24.The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike was
- A.
A rally for safer working conditions
- B.
Wages being slashed with railroad workers
- C.
Frick's cutting of wages while the owner was in Europe
- D.
Pullman’s cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
- E.
The rally for an eight hour workday by many workers
- 25.Who were the strongest supporters of Populism during 1890’s?
- A.
Western and Southern Farmers
- B.
Silverites
- C.
Democrats
- D.
Northern and Eastern Merchants
- E.
Union Members
- 26.Of the following, which was the most important cause of agrarian discontent in the United States in the last quarter of the 19th Century?
- A.
Increased debt because of the expensive price of equipment
- B.
The government's lack of action after several key natural disasters
- C.
A high tariff was increasing the price of manufactured goods while preventing foreignors from earning the American currency needed to purchase American crops
- D.
The feeling that the railroads were exploiting the farmers
- E.
The feeling that poverty was inevitable without deflation offered by free-silver coinage
- 27.In the late 19th Century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by
- A.
Natural disasters
- B.
Inflation
- C.
Discriminating freight rates
- D.
A high tariff
- E.
The Panic of 1893
- 28.During the late 1800’s many westerners demanded an increase in the supply of currency to achieve which of the following goals?
- A.
Higher prices for farm goods
- B.
A reduction of the power of eastern bankers
- C.
The expansion of silver mining
- D.
Lower prices for manufactured goods
- E.
Increased purchasing power
- 29.The cartoon shown above illustrates
- A.
The reliance of the various sectors of industry in America
- B.
Populist support for the power of the Eastern establishment
- C.
Populist resentment against the power of the Eastern establishment
- D.
The Eastern establishment's reliance on the Populists
- E.
Populism's power over the government
- 30.The Omaha Platform of the Populist Party contained all of the following proposals EXCEPT
- A.
Direct election of senators
- B.
Graduated income tax
- C.
Immigration restrictions
- D.
Government ownership of the country's communication and transportation systems
- E.
Federal antitrust legislation
- 31.Which of the following would be most likely to vote for William Jennings Bryan in the presidential campaign of 1896?
- A.
A Kansas farmer
- B.
A New York merchant
- C.
William McKinley
- D.
A goldbug
- E.
A Republican
- 32.William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” oration was primarily an expression of his
- A.
Advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver
- B.
Advocacy of Puritan values in America
- C.
Advocacy of a gold standard
- D.
Advocacy of new restrictions on immigration
- E.
Advocacy of partial coinage of silver in a bimetallic system
- 33.Best explanation of failure of Populism was
- A.
It didn’t appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellers
- B.
Its absorption by the American Federation of Labor
- C.
The prosperity of the early 1890's undermined popular support for its economic reforms
- D.
The Republican party co-opted some of the Populist program and its constituents
- E.
The Panic of 1893
- 34.Which of the following is a valid criticism of the thesis that the federal government pursued a “Laissez-faire” policy during the nineteenth century?
- A.
It gave land grants to railroads and tariff protection to manufacturers
- B.
All of the presidents were very weak during this era
- C.
Social Darwinism refuted helping the poor
- D.
They purchased crops from farmers to relieve their problems
- E.
A single tax was imposed on businesses and the upper class of America
- 35.During the 19th Century Republicans defended a high tariff policy partly on the grounds it
- A.
Guaranteed higher wages and individual advancement for American workers
- B.
Would lower the price of manufactured goods for farmers
- C.
Would limit the power of the federal government
- D.
Would draw attention away from the silver issue
- E.
Would weaken the power of the monopolies
- 36.During the Gilded Age, the economic issue that most clearly divided the Republicans and Democrats was
- A.
The Tariff Issue
- B.
The Silver Issue
- C.
A Single Tax
- D.
How to resolve the Panic of 1893
- E.
The Bank of the United States
- 37.In 1890, the most important source of revenue for the federal government was
- A.
Income Tax
- B.
Poll Taxes
- C.
Sales Tax
- D.
Custom duties
- E.
Donations
- 38.All of the following were considered legitimate functions of the federal government in the late 19th Century EXCEPT
- A.
Assuring the welfare of the poor and unemployed
- B.
Dispensing of patronage jobs to party loyalists
- C.
Executing laws rather than making them
- D.
Filler
- E.
Filler
- 39.The most important long-term consequence of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was the
- A.
Institution of a merit and tenure system for the federal administration
- B.
Continuation of the spoils system
- C.
Free and unlimited coinage of silver
- D.
Removal of silver as a form of currency to ensure the gold standard
- E.
Regulation of trusts to prevent monopolization
- 40.The “Mugwumps” played a crucial role in deciding the outcome of the Election of 1884 through their
- A.
Syphoning of votes from the Democratic candidate
- B.
Criticism of the Republican candidate and defection from the party
- C.
Defection from the Republican party in favor of the third party
- D.
Strong rallying against a two party system in favor of a three party system
- E.
Criticism of the Democratic candidate and defection from the party
- 41.The Cleveland Administration angered farmers when it responded to the depression of the 1890’s by
- A.
Raising the tariff to increase the price of manufactured goods
- B.
Adding a new clause to the Sherman Silver Purchase Act to increase the coinage of silver
- C.
Lowering the tariff and increasing foreign competition
- D.
Refusing to offer relief after several key natural disasters
- E.
Repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and maintaining the gold standard
- 42.During the Gilded Age, the Presidents were chiefly occupied in which of the following roles?
- A.
Assurer of welfare of the poor and unemployed
- B.
Executer of laws
- C.
Dispenser of patronage to party loyalists
- D.
Regulator of large business
- E.
Ambassador of foreign affairs
- 43.All of the following factors contributed to the weakness of the presidents during the Gilded Age EXCEPT
- A.
They feared impeachment
- B.
They really believed that they should "execute" the laws, not make them
- C.
They simply were not good leaders
- D.
Control in Congress was equally split between the two parties
- E.
The relative absence of domestic tensions and strife
- 44.Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa, and the Americas between 1882 and 1900?
- A.
Discrimination and hostility towards Asian immigrants
- B.
Increased economic opportunities in Asia, South America, and Africa
- C.
Restrictive Congressional Legislation
- D.
The Panic of 1893
- E.
The Spanish-American War
- 45.During the late 19th Century, significant reforms improved living conditions in major cities in all of the following area EXCEPT
- A.
Relief for the poor
- B.
Public Water Systems
- C.
Public Sewer Systems
- D.
Electricity was brought in
- E.
Increased transportation
- 46.In his 1879 novel, Progress and Poverty, Henry George advocated a method to end monopolies and promote social progress, known as the
- A.
Single Tax
- B.
Gospel of Wealth
- C.
Free and unlimited coinage of silver
- D.
Chinese Exclusion Act
- E.
Interstate Commerce Commision
- 47.The cartoon above is commentary on late 19th Century
- A.
The increased interest in politics
- B.
The mob's control over politics
- C.
The inefficiency of local governors to be elected to office
- D.
Municipal Corruption
- E.
The tight control businesses had over elections
- 48.The farmers’ protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890’s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
The absorption of the Populist by the American Federation of Labor
- B.
William Jennings Bryan's defeat in the 1896 election
- C.
Western and Southern farmers favored different political strategies
- D.
Racism strained the coalition of poor white and black farmers
- E.
The silver movement died
- 49.All of the following were reasons for the failure of the Populist party EXCEPT
- A.
The Yukon gold strike
- B.
The Democratic party co-opted some of the Populist program and its constituents
- C.
It didn't appeal to many middle class farmers or city dwellers
- D.
The prosperity of the early 1890s undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms
- E.
Massive immigration into urban centers led to higher prices for agricultural products
- 50.The Populist movement made significant contributions to the reforms of the Progressive Era in which of these areas?
- A.
Democratization of the political system
- B.
Improved working conditions of immigrants
- C.
Railroad regulation
- D.
Reform of the currency and banking systems
- E.
Reform of living conditions of the urban poor
- 51.The basic story of Horatio Alger’s late 19th Century novels usually involved
- A.
An older, successful businessman and philanthropist giving his wealth to poor immigrant children
- B.
Rags to riches stories of poor boys who succeeded through luck and hard work
- C.
The tragic and depressing reality faced by America's urban poor
- D.
The farmers being exploited by eastern bankers and urging for free and unlimited coinage of silver
- E.
A reflection upon the direction society is heading in, usually through a character thrown into the future
- 52.“Long ago it was said that ‘one half of the world does not know how the other half lives.’ That was true then. It did not know because it did not know because it did not care … Today three fourths of the people live in the tenements, and the 19th Century drift of the population to the cities is sending ever-increasing multitudes to crowd them.” The author of this statement was
- A.
Henry George
- B.
George W. Plunkitt
- C.
Jacob Riis
- D.
Horatio Alger Jr.
- E.
Thomas Paine
- 53.Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives is a study of
- A.
Socialist movement in America and the impact it may have
- B.
Immigrants who became successful and rich after arriving in America
- C.
The horrible living conditions forced upon Native Americans
- D.
Immigrant urban poverty and despair in the 1890’s
- E.
Corruption of businesses and what should be done about them
- 54.Which of the following statements best describes residency patterns in American cities during the late 1800’s?
- A.
The upper classes lived close to the inner core, the very poor lived in the suburbs, and the middle classes lived in between
- B.
The very poor lived close to the inner core, the upper classes lived in the suburbs, and the middle classes lived in between
- C.
The very poor lived close to the inner core, the middle classes lived in the suburbs, and the upper classes lived in between
- D.
The middle classes lived close to the inner core, the upper classes lived in the suburbs, and the very poor lived in between
- E.
All of the classes lived together throughout the cities
- 55.Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the 19th Century?
- A.
Decreasing immigrant rates due to restrictive covenants and Exclusion Acts
- B.
Electricity was brought into the homes
- C.
Poltical machines offered needed resources to the poor
- D.
Cities built sewers and supplied water purifiers
- E.
Better housing conditions
- 56.Which of the following was the most persistent problem facing municipalities in the United States throughout the last quarter of the 19th Century?
- A.
A lack of funding
- B.
Overcrowding led to rampant disease
- C.
Inability to distribute electricty into homes
- D.
Flamability of tenements
- E.
Inadequate water and sewer systems
- 57.Which of the following best accounts for the fact that Slavic immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries settled principally in Midwestern cities like Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Chicago?
- A.
A need for doctors to limit the spread of disease offered many skilled jobs
- B.
Midwestern steel, meatpacking, and other mass production industries offered many unskilled jobs
- C.
Asian immigrants refused to travel to the Midwest in favor of the East coast
- D.
Midwestern cities were railroad hubs, making transportation easy
- E.
Restrictive covenants prevented them from moving elsewhere
- 58.Which of the following statements best describes the ethnic neighborhoods in American cities during the late 1800’s?
- A.
Their rates of residential mobility were high
- B.
Their rates of residential mobility were low
- C.
They tended to live in neighborhoods with other people of the same nationality
- D.
They lived alongside the upper and middle classes
- E.
They were often created by choice rather than by de facto segregation
- 59.The Chinese immigrant experience differed from that of the Europeans in the late 1800’s in that
- A.
They did not have to go through an immigration center
- B.
They were treated better
- C.
They were discriminated against
- D.
They were excluded from the United States before 1890
- E.
They only found work as unskilled laborers
- 60.Which of the following accurately describes the Chinese population in the United in 1860?
- A.
The Chinese population was decreasing
- B.
There were almost twenty times as many Chinese men compared to the number of Chinese women
- C.
The Chinese population was dominated by the elderly
- D.
There were almost twenty times as many Chinese women compared to the number of Chinese men
- E.
The Chinese population was dominated by the youth
- 61.All of the following accounts for nativist sentiment against the “new immigrants” of the late 19th Century EXCEPT that the immigrants
- A.
Dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering
- B.
Practiced different religions
- C.
Had different languages and cultures
- D.
Drove wages down
- E.
Were not familiar with the US political system so they were "used" by the political machines in the big cities
- 62.During the mid-19th century, Tammany Hall was successful in increasing its power and influence in NY largely because its leaders
- A.
Filler
- B.
Filler
- C.
Provided basic services to ordinary people
- D.
Filler
- E.
Filler
- 63.“Everybody is talkin’ these days about Tammany men growin’ rich on graft, but nobody thinks of drawin’ the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. There’s all the difference in the world between the two … I’ve made a big fortune out of the game, and I’m getting’ richer every day, but I’ve not gone in for dishonest graft – blackmailin’ gamblers, saloon-keepers, disorderly people, etc. – and neither has any of the men who have made big fortunes in politics.” Which prominent observer and participant in urban politics gave this interview in 1905?
- A.
Horatio Alger Jr.
- B.
Henry Kelly
- C.
Boss Tweed
- D.
Jacob Riis
- E.
George W. Plunkitt
- 64.Urban political machines made a significant contribution to the growth of the late 19th Century American cities in that they…
- A.
Filler
- B.
Filler
- C.
Filler
- D.
Brought order to the expansion of urban services and facilities
- E.
Filler
- 65.Urban political machines provided immigrants with all of the following services during the late 19th Century EXCEPT
- A.
Legal Assistance
- B.
Psychological Comfort
- C.
Emergency Assistance
- D.
Employment
- E.
Better housing
- 66.One of the most important innovations for counteracting the loneliness and isolation of farm life on the Great Plains in the 1870’s and 1880’s was the introduction of
- A.
Mail order houses, such as Sears, Roebuck, and Co.
- B.
Telephones
- C.
Magazines from department stores
- D.
Phonographs
- E.
Elevated trains and trolleys
- 67.Native born women who moved to the cities during the late 1800’s tended to find work
- A.
As servants for rich families
- B.
On their family's farm
- C.
In factories
- D.
As clerks, typists, and sales personnel
- E.
As doctors, teachers, and lawyers
- 68.You will get this question wrong because unfortunately it was lost, the only way to get it right is to
- A.
Review the powerpoint and desperately search for the answer
- B.
Accept the fact and move on
- C.
Take a geuss and hope you are right
- D.
Study to the point you lose your mind, then use the insanity to think like a historian to get it right
- E.
Use your knowledge from the other questions to guess what makes the most sense, hoping that logic helps
Back to top