1st Sem Review Unit 9
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- 1.Which of the following is a correct statement about the Gilded Age?
- A.
Politics were heavily dominated by one party
- B.
Business activity expanded and contracted frequently
- C.
The tariff issue was finally resolved
- D.
The presidents were very effective and active leaders
- E.
Labor unions gained new rights for skilled and unskilled workers
- 2.Although he invented dozens of products perhaps Thomas Edison’s major contribution was
- A.
The phonograph
- B.
The incandescent light bulb
- C.
AC Current
- D.
The telephone
- E.
The typewiter
- 3.All of the following were important technological innovations that first appeared in urban America between 1865 and 1890 EXCEPT
- A.
Electricity
- B.
Public Water Systems
- C.
Skyscrapers
- D.
Telephones
- E.
The Bessemer Process
- 4.The Bessemer process was an important technological innovation in
- A.
Railroads
- B.
The manufacture of steel
- C.
Communication
- D.
The production of electricity
- E.
Purifying potable water
- 5.The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is significant in history because
- A.
It effectively regulated businesses of the time
- B.
It created a model for future federal regulatory commissions.
- C.
It hindered the success of labor unions
- D.
It showed the government was not laissez-faire
- E.
It finally showed a shift in the attitude of the government towards businesses
- 6.With the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 federal policy toward the railroads shifted from the
- A.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the granting of land subsidies
- B.
Granting of land subsidies to the prohibition of rebates to favored customers
- C.
Granting of land subsidies to the effective regulation of trusts
- D.
The effective regulation of trusts to the prohibiton of rebates to favored customers
- E.
Prohibition of rebates to favored customers to the effective regulation of trusts
- 7.During the late 19th century, vertical integration specifically allowed businesses to
- A.
Expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
Expand their control over competitors
- C.
Dominate the market and eliminate all competition
- D.
Refuse to hire union members
- E.
Break strikes by hiring scabs
- 8.Horizontal integration i.e. (one firm acquiring control of other firms that produce the same product) at the end of the 19th century was a response to
- A.
Rockefeller's domination of the market
- B.
New government regulation
- C.
Labor unions
- D.
Vertical integration
- E.
Economic competition
- 9.In the late 19th Century controversy over the social and religious implications of Darwinian theory, all of the following popular beliefs were felt to be threatened by Darwin EXCEPT the
- A.
Theological doctrine of "design"
- B.
Accuracy of the old testament
- C.
Reality of change in the world
- D.
Uniqueness of man in nature
- E.
The concept of the deserving poor in the work force
- 10.Some historians have labeled John D. Rockefeller and other big businessmen of the Gilded Age as “Robber Barons” because they
- A.
Created monopolies
- B.
Used political machines to control the elections
- C.
Drained the country of its natural resources
- D.
Were ruthless competitors who cheated their investors and exploited their workers
- E.
Paid their workers meager wages
- 11."The Gospel of Wealth,” an idea proposed by Andrew Carnegie, was based on the assumption that
- A.
The corrupt political system could still be reformed
- B.
Anyone could rise from rags to riches with a little luck and hard work
- C.
Society's wealth should be distributed more evenly
- D.
The impoverished need help from the wealthy
- E.
Successful industrialists were trustees for society’s wealth
- 12.“This, then, is held to be the duty of the men of wealth: To consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community- the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.” These sentiments are most characteristic of
- A.
How the Other Half Lives
- B.
The Gospel of Wealth
- C.
Common Sense
- D.
A Century of Dishonor
- E.
Turner's Thesis
- 13.John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust was
- A.
An organization of businesses expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
- B.
A legal device to circumvent state laws against interstate corporations
- C.
A collection of businesses used to eliminate economic competition
- D.
A monopoly used to circumvent the law
- E.
A combination of companies that did not officially merge
- 14.What did the states try to pass anti-combination laws in the late 1880’s as a response to?
- A.
The idea of Social Darwinism
- B.
Claims that the government was too laissez-faire
- C.
The business monopolies of Rockefeller and other business men
- D.
The use of stockholding trusts to creating business oligopolies
- E.
The increasing power of labor unions
- 15.Which of the following is true about the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
- A.
Was used to regulate labor unions more than trusts
- B.
Had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations
- C.
It was a response to the use of stockholding trusts to create business oligopolies
- D.
This will prove very effective under Roosevelt's administration
- E.
Showed the shift in attitude of the government towards businesses
- 16.In the last decade of the 19th Century, the primary use of the Sherman Antitrust Act was
- A.
To actively end a longheld laissez-faire attitude of America
- B.
To restrain interstate trade or commerce
- C.
Non-existent because it was so innefective
- D.
To regulate business trusts
- E.
To curb labor unions
- 17.Although Children worked in a variety of settings between 1870 and 1900, most working children toiled
- A.
In "Lowell" system mills
- B.
In mines
- C.
In the factories
- D.
On their parents’ farms
- E.
In hazardous conditions
- 18.The Knights of Labor failed to achieve their goals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
- A.
Their attack on traditional republicanism
- B.
Force was used by business leaders making strikes a failure
- C.
Ethnic divisions within the labor force
- D.
Percieved anarchist element in the Haymarket affair
- E.
They had no real political agenda
- 19.American Federation of Labor, under the leadership of Samuel Gompers, organized
- A.
Western and southern farmers in order to create a political voice.
- B.
Skilled and unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- C.
Skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- D.
Silverites in order to create inflation.
- E.
Unskilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains.
- 20.The fundamental difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor was that the Knights
- A.
Led more violent stikes
- B.
Had a political agenda
- C.
Had greater success in their attempts for reform
- D.
Endorsed a policy of seeking more realistic economic gains
- E.
Welcomed all skilled and unskilled workers, blacks and women
- 21.Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of “bread and butter” unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?
- A.
The Wobblies
- B.
The Knights of Labor
- C.
The American Federation of Labor
- D.
The Sons of Liberty
- E.
The National Labor Union
- 22.American labor movement of the late 19th Century
- A.
Was involved in a number of nonviolent strikes
- B.
Was involved in a number of violent strikes
- C.
Helped women gain new rights
- D.
Worked hard to empower immigrants
- E.
Won improved conditions for skilled und unskilled workers
- 23.An important consequence of the Haymarket Square Bombing of 1886 was that
- A.
Owners appealed to courts for court orders against unions
- B.
Union gains were limited for 30 years
- C.
The public associated this act with labor violence
- D.
The government began preventing labor unrest with military intervention
- E.
Skilled workers abandoned the Knights of Labor for the American Federation of Labor
- 24.The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike was
- A.
A rally for safer working conditions
- B.
Wages being slashed with railroad workers
- C.
Frick's cutting of wages while the owner was in Europe
- D.
Pullman’s cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
- E.
The rally for an eight hour workday by many workers
- 25.Who were the strongest supporters of Populism during 1890’s?
- A.
Western and Southern Farmers
- B.
Silverites
- C.
Democrats
- D.
Northern and Eastern Merchants
- E.
Union Members
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