Exercise Physiology Exam: Practice Quiz
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Along with the nervous system, which other system controls the internal environment. (homeostasis)
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Muscular
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Lymphatic
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Endocrine
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Digestive
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About This Quiz
This is a practice quiz for the Exercise physiology exams. The human body undergoes different processes with the aim of sustaining life, and one of the most important systems within the body is the nervous system. This system helps to ensure there is a motor function, and a physiologist is expected to have a good understanding of the system and See morethe types of exercise suitable for a patient. Do give it a shot and get to see how well you do!
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- 2.
The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
CNS consist of brain and spinal cordRate this question:
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- 3.
Afferent fibers are fibers that transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Afferent fibers are a type of nerve fibers that carry sensory information from receptors in the body to the central nervous system (CNS). These fibers transmit impulses, such as touch, pain, or temperature, from the sensory organs or receptors to the brain and spinal cord for processing and interpretation. This allows the CNS to receive and analyze sensory information, enabling appropriate responses and reactions. Therefore, the statement that afferent fibers transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Skeletal muscles are innervated by neurons in the motor division.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Skeletal muscles are innervated by neurons in the motor division because motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, causing them to contract. These neurons form synapses with muscle fibers, allowing for the control and coordination of voluntary movements. Without the innervation from motor neurons, skeletal muscles would not be able to receive the necessary signals to contract and perform their functions.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Glands are innervated by the somatic motor system.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Glands are not innervated by the somatic motor system. The somatic motor system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as the activity of glands. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which structure in the neuron generates the action potential?
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Axon terminal
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Axon hillock
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Cell body
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Node of Ranvier
Correct Answer
A. Axon hillockExplanation
The axon hillock is the structure in the neuron that generates the action potential. It is located at the junction between the cell body and the axon. The axon hillock contains a high concentration of voltage-gated ion channels, which are responsible for initiating and propagating the electrical signal known as the action potential. These ion channels open in response to changes in the membrane potential, allowing ions to flow in and out of the cell, which generates the electrical impulse that travels down the axon.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is formed by oligodendrocytes.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is not formed by oligodendrocytes, but by a different type of glial cell called Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Post-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system are non-myelinated.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Post-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system are indeed non-myelinated. Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around nerve fibers, providing insulation and increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission. However, in the autonomic nervous system, the post-ganglionic fibers do not have myelin sheaths. This lack of myelination allows for slower conduction of signals, which is important for the fine-tuning and regulation of involuntary bodily functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Generally, what is the charge of neurons at rest?
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-40 to -65 mv
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-50 to -70 mv
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-30 to -60 mv
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-40 to 75 mv
Correct Answer
A. -50 to -70 mvExplanation
The resting membrane potential of neurons typically falls within the range of -50 to -70 millivolts (mV). This negative charge is due to the difference in ion concentration inside and outside the neuron, maintained by ion channels and the sodium-potassium pump.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which is true about the sodium-potassium pump?
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It pumps 2 K+ in and 3 Na+ out
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It pumps 1 K+ in and 3 Na+ out
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It pumps 3 K+ in and 2 Na+ out
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It pumps 4 K+ in and 2 Na+ out
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It pumps 3 Na+ in and 2 K+ out
Correct Answer
A. It pumps 2 K+ in and 3 Na+ outExplanation
The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism found in cell membranes. It utilizes ATP to pump 2 potassium ions (K+) into the cell and 3 sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell. This process helps maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane and is essential for various cellular functions, such as nerve impulse transmission and maintaining proper cell volume.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What happens during an action potential?
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Inside the axon becomes more positive due to an influx of pottasium
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Inside the axon becomes more negative due to an influx of pottasium
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Inside the axon becomes more positive due to an influx of sodium
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Inside the axon becomes more negative due to an influx of sodium
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Inside the axon becomes more positive due to an influx of sodiumExplanation
During an action potential, the inside of the axon becomes more positive due to an influx of sodium. This occurs when the neuron reaches its threshold and voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to rush into the axon. This influx of positive ions depolarizes the membrane, creating an electrical signal that travels along the axon.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What happens during repolarization?
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Sodium leaves the cell rapidly
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Pottasium leaves the cell rapidly
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Sodium channels close
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None of the above
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pottasium leaves the cell rapidly
A. Sodium channels closeExplanation
During repolarization, potassium leaves the cell rapidly. This is because during the action potential, the cell membrane becomes permeable to potassium ions, allowing them to diffuse out of the cell. This rapid movement of potassium ions out of the cell helps to restore the negative charge inside the cell, bringing it back to its resting state. At the same time, sodium channels close, preventing further influx of sodium ions into the cell. This combination of events leads to the repolarization of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which neurological disease destroys the myelin sheath of axons?
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Parkinson's disease
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Huntington's disease
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Epilepsy
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Multiple SclerosisExplanation
Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disease that causes the destruction of the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This destruction disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to a wide range of symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and problems with coordination and balance. Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and epilepsy do not directly involve the destruction of the myelin sheath.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The "All or none" the law states that once a nerve impulse is initiated, it will travel the length of the neuron.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The "All or none" law states that once a nerve impulse is initiated, it will travel the length of the neuron. This means that if a stimulus reaches the threshold level required to generate an action potential, the neuron will fire at its maximum intensity. If the stimulus does not reach the threshold level, the neuron will not fire at all. This law ensures that the transmission of signals within the nervous system is reliable and consistent.Rate this question:
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- 15.
______ and _____ causes depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. (neurotransmitter and ion)
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Potassium (K+)
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Sodium (Na+)
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Gaba
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Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sodium (Na+)
A. AcetylcholineExplanation
Sodium (Na+) and acetylcholine are the neurotransmitter and ion that cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. When acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic neuron, it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. This binding allows sodium ions to enter the postsynaptic neuron, leading to depolarization. This depolarization can trigger an action potential and the transmission of the signal to the next neuron in the circuit.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The synapse of a neuron is where synaptic vesicles are stored.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The synapse of a neuron is where the preganglionic fiber transmits neurotransmitters to the postganglionic fiber. (depolarization)Rate this question:
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- 17.
The dendrites are the receptive regions of the neuron.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the cell body of a neuron. They receive incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them to the cell body. These signals can be either excitatory or inhibitory, and they determine whether the neuron will generate an action potential or not. Therefore, the statement that dendrites are the receptive regions of the neuron is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Temporal summation is the summing from several different pre-synaptic neurons.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Spatial summation is summing from several different presynaptic neuronsRate this question:
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- 19.
Which type of post-synaptic potential causes hyperpolarization?
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Excitatory post-synaptic potential
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Inhibitory post-synaptic potential
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Action potential
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Both can cause hyperpolarization
Correct Answer
A. Inhibitory post-synaptic potentialExplanation
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) causes hyperpolarization. When an IPSP occurs, the post-synaptic neuron becomes more negative, making it less likely to generate an action potential. This is because IPSPs increase the permeability of the post-synaptic membrane to negatively charged ions (e.g., chloride ions), making the inside of the neuron more negative. As a result, the membrane potential moves further away from the threshold required for an action potential to occur, leading to hyperpolarization.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The gaps between Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true. The gaps between Schwann cells along the length of a myelinated nerve fiber are called nodes of Ranvier. These nodes play a crucial role in the conduction of nerve impulses. The myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells insulates the nerve fiber, and the nodes of Ranvier allow for the rapid and efficient propagation of the electrical signal along the nerve fiber.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which type of proprioceptors are found in ligaments and around joints?
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Free nerve endings
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Muscle spindles
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Pacinian corpuscles
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Golgi-type receptors
Correct Answer
A. Golgi-type receptorsExplanation
Golgi-type receptors are proprioceptors that are found in ligaments and around joints. These receptors are responsible for detecting changes in tension and pressure within the ligaments and joints, providing information about the position and movement of the body parts. Unlike other types of proprioceptors such as muscle spindles and pacinian corpuscles, golgi-type receptors specifically monitor the tension and stretch of the ligaments, helping to maintain stability and coordination during movement.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which proprioceptor detects the rate of joint rotation?
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Golgi-type receptors
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Golgi-tendon organ
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Muscle spindles
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Pecinian corpuscle
Correct Answer
A. Pecinian corpuscleExplanation
The Pacinian corpuscle is a type of mechanoreceptor that detects pressure and vibration. It is not directly involved in detecting the rate of joint rotation. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The muscle spindle is also known as the "length detector".
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The muscle spindle is a sensory receptor located within the muscle that detects changes in muscle length. It provides important information to the central nervous system about the position and movement of our muscles. When a muscle is stretched, the muscle spindle sends signals to the brain, allowing it to adjust muscle contraction and maintain balance and coordination. Therefore, it is accurate to refer to the muscle spindle as the "length detector."Rate this question:
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- 24.
As a result of stimulation to the Golgi tendon organ, excitatory neurons send ESPS to muscle fibers.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement is false. Stimulation to the Golgi tendon organ actually inhibits the excitatory neurons, which in turn leads to the inhibition of muscle fibers. This is because the Golgi tendon organ is responsible for detecting tension in the muscle and preventing excessive force or damage. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which proprioceptor is sensitive to touch and pressure?
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Muscle spindle
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Free nerve endings
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Golgi tendon organ
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Pacinian corpuscles
Correct Answer
A. Free nerve endingsExplanation
Free nerve endings are the proprioceptors that are sensitive to touch and pressure. These nerve endings are found throughout the body and are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about mechanical stimuli such as pressure, vibration, and touch. They are particularly abundant in the skin and mucous membranes, allowing us to sense and respond to external stimuli. Free nerve endings play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and interpret tactile sensations.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Where will you be able to find Pacinian corpuscles?
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In the skin
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In muscles around joints
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In tissues around joints
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On tendons
Correct Answer
A. In the skinExplanation
Pacinian corpuscles, also known as lamellar corpuscles, can be found in various tissues of the human body, primarily in the skin and deeper tissues. They are specialized sensory receptors that detect pressure and vibration. Pacinian corpuscles are most concentrated in areas like the fingertips, palms, soles of the feet, and other parts of the skin where sensitivity to pressure is crucial for sensory perception.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the function of a muscle spindle?
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Acts as safety device that helps prevent excessive force during muscle contraction
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Provides fiber length info to CNS
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Monitors tension developed from muscle contraction
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Helps in fine tuning of muscle strength
Correct Answer(s)
A. Provides fiber length info to CNS
A. Helps in fine tuning of muscle strengthExplanation
The muscle spindle is a sensory receptor located within the muscle that provides information about its length to the central nervous system (CNS). This information is crucial for the control and coordination of muscle movement. Additionally, the muscle spindle plays a role in fine-tuning muscle strength by adjusting the contraction force based on the length of the muscle fibers.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The muscle spindle causes the muscle to relax while the Golgi tendon causes the muscle to contract.
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.true
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
This statement is false. The muscle spindle is a sensory receptor located within the muscle that detects changes in muscle length and triggers a reflex contraction of the muscle, not relaxation. On the other hand, the Golgi tendon organ is a sensory receptor located in the tendon that detects tension or force applied to the muscle and triggers a reflex relaxation of the muscle, not contraction. Therefore, the muscle spindle causes muscle contraction while the Golgi tendon causes muscle relaxation.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What happens during reciprocal inhibition?
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Only inhibitory events occur
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Excitatory events occur followed by inhibitory
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Excitatory and inhibitory activities occur simultaneously
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Only excitatory events occur
Correct Answer
A. Excitatory and inhibitory activities occur simultaneouslyExplanation
During reciprocal inhibition, both excitatory and inhibitory activities occur simultaneously. This means that while certain neurons are being stimulated and excited, others are being inhibited and prevented from firing. This process allows for the regulation and coordination of muscle movements. By inhibiting certain muscles while exciting others, reciprocal inhibition helps to ensure smooth and coordinated movements.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Somatic motor neurons also innervate glandular tissue (glands).
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Somatic motor neurons primarily innervate skeletal muscles, not glandular tissue. Glandular tissue is controlled by autonomic motor neurons, specifically the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the statement that somatic motor neurons also innervate glandular tissue is false.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What is the function of the vestibular apparatus?
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Maintains general equilibrium
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Incorporates feedback from proprioceptors
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Controls head and eye movement
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Senses changes in linear and angular acceleration
Correct Answer(s)
A. Maintains general equilibrium
A. Incorporates feedback from proprioceptors
A. Controls head and eye movement
A. Senses changes in linear and angular accelerationExplanation
The vestibular apparatus, located in the inner ear, plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. It consists of semicircular canals that detect rotational movements and otolith organs that sense changes in linear movements. These sensors send signals to the brain, helping maintain balance while moving, standing, or even tilting the head. It also contributes to adjustments of the head and neck movements, as well as the posture and balance of the whole body, and eye movements. Therefore, it incorporates feedback from proprioceptors, controls head and eye movement, senses changes in linear and angular acceleration, and maintains general equilibrium.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Where is the vestibular apparatus located?
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Outer ear
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Inner ear
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Middle ear
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In the cochlear
Correct Answer
A. Inner earExplanation
The vestibular apparatus is located in the inner ear. This is the part of the ear that is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. It consists of the semicircular canals and the otolith organs, which detect changes in head position and movement. The inner ear also contains the cochlea, which is responsible for hearing.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Presynaptic neurons always secrete acetylcholine.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is commonly secreted by presynaptic neurons. It is involved in various functions such as muscle movement, memory, and learning. While there are other neurotransmitters that can be secreted by presynaptic neurons, such as dopamine or serotonin, acetylcholine is one of the most widely distributed and commonly found neurotransmitters in the nervous system. Therefore, the statement that presynaptic neurons always secrete acetylcholine is true.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which brain structure connects the brain and spinal cord?
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Medulla
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Brain stem
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Thalamus
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Hypothalamus
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Brain stemExplanation
The brain stem is the correct answer because it is the part of the brain that connects the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for many vital functions such as controlling breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The brain stem also serves as a pathway for nerve fibers to travel between the brain and spinal cord, allowing for communication and coordination between the two. The other options, including the medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus, and none of the above, do not directly connect the brain and spinal cord.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The ______ is responsible for cardiorespiratory control.
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Cerebellum
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Motorcortex
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Autonomic cortex
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Cerebrum
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Brain stem
Correct Answer
A. Brain stemExplanation
The brain stem is responsible for cardiorespiratory control. It controls vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It contains various nuclei that regulate these functions, including the medulla oblongata and the pons. The brain stem receives input from higher brain regions and sends signals to the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to maintain homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The cerebellum has connections to the motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The cerebellum is a region of the brain that is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It receives input from the motor cortex, which is involved in planning and executing movements, as well as from the brain stem and spinal cord, which are important for relaying sensory information and controlling basic motor functions. These connections allow the cerebellum to receive and integrate information from various parts of the nervous system, enabling it to fine-tune and regulate motor activities. Therefore, the statement that the cerebellum has connections to the motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord is true.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The basal ganglia produce fast, ballistic movement.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The basal ganglia do not produce fast, ballistic movement. They are involved in the planning and initiation of movement, but the execution of movement is primarily controlled by the motor cortex. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which division of the ANS causes an increase in the salivary gland volume and a decrease in its viscosity?
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Parasympathetic
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Sympathetic
Correct Answer
A. ParasympatheticExplanation
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest activities. It promotes salivation by increasing the volume of saliva secreted by the salivary glands and reducing its viscosity. This division activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the production of watery saliva, making it less viscous. On the other hand, the sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for the fight or flight response and does not play a role in increasing salivary gland volume or reducing viscosity.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The viscosity of the saliva increases with exercise.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During exercise, the body's metabolic rate increases, resulting in increased blood flow to the salivary glands. This increased blood flow leads to an increase in the production of saliva. Additionally, exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which can cause changes in the composition of saliva, including an increase in viscosity. Therefore, the statement that the viscosity of saliva increases with exercise is true.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The sympathetic division causes pupil constriction.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which involves the dilation of the pupils to allow more light to enter the eyes and improve vision. Therefore, the correct answer is false, as the sympathetic division does not cause pupil constriction.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The ____________ system causes an increase in glucose uptake for energy utilization.
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Somatic
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Parasympathetic
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Sympathetic
Correct Answer
A. SympatheticExplanation
The sympathetic system causes an increase in glucose uptake for energy utilization. This is because the sympathetic system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action. During this response, the sympathetic system increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and stimulates the release of glucose from storage sites in the body. This glucose is then taken up by cells for energy utilization, allowing the body to respond effectively to perceived threats or challenges.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Acetylcholine is a cholinergic neurotransmitter.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Acetylcholine is indeed a cholinergic neurotransmitter. It is responsible for transmitting signals across the synapses between nerve cells and plays a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system. Acetylcholine is involved in various processes such as muscle contraction, memory, and learning. It is synthesized from choline and is found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Sympathetic neurons have short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because sympathetic neurons, which are part of the autonomic nervous system, have short preganglionic fibers that originate in the spinal cord and long postganglionic fibers that extend to their target organs. This allows for a rapid and widespread response to stress or danger, as the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining the constancy of the body's internal environment.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining the constancy of the body's internal environment. This is because it regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and body temperature. It ensures that these functions remain within a narrow range, regardless of external factors. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Releasing norepinephrine tends to excite an organ.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When norepinephrine is released, it tends to excite an organ. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to muscles, preparing the body for action. Therefore, the statement is true as norepinephrine generally has an excitatory effect on organs.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The first step in performing a voluntary movement occurs in the ________.
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Association area of cerebrum
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Motor cortex
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Cerebellum
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. None of the aboveExplanation
subcortical and cortical areas is correctRate this question:
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- 47.
The motor cortex is responsible for sending the information down to the association areas.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The motor cortex is responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary movements, not for sending information down to the association areas. The association areas are responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from different parts of the brain. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The human body contains over ___ voluntary skeletal muscles.
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500
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300
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400
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600
Correct Answer
A. 400Explanation
The human body contains over 400 voluntary skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles are the muscles that are attached to the bones and are responsible for voluntary movements. These muscles allow us to move our body parts consciously, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. The number of skeletal muscles in the human body can vary slightly from person to person, but on average, it is around 400.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What percent of all skeletal muscles constitute the total weight of the human body?
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30 to 40
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40 to 50
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20 to 30
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50 to 60
Correct Answer
A. 40 to 50Explanation
The correct answer is 40 to 50. This means that approximately 40 to 50 percent of the total weight of the human body is made up of skeletal muscles. These muscles are responsible for movement, posture, and stability, and they play a crucial role in the body's overall function and structure.Rate this question:
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Jul 16, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Mar 02, 2010Quiz Created by
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