Exercise Physiology - Qp12

During endurance exercise, the body primarily uses carbohydrates as a source of energy rather than proteins and fats. Carbohydrates are stored in the muscles and liver in the form of glycogen, which can be broken down into glucose and used for fuel during exercise. While fats are also utilized to some extent, they are not the primary source of energy during endurance exercise. Proteins are typically spared and used for other important functions in the body, such as muscle repair and building, rather than being used as an energy source during exercise. Therefore, the statement is false.

BMR stands for basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of energy expended by an individual at rest to maintain basic bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. It is influenced by factors such as age, gender, weight, and muscle mass. BMR is important in determining daily calorie needs and can vary among individuals.

A balanced diet should include a variety of nutrients in appropriate proportions to support overall health. Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, as well as for the production of enzymes and hormones. It is recommended to consume about 15% of daily calories from protein sources. Fat is important for energy, insulation, and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. It is recommended to consume about 30% of daily calories from healthy fats. However, the given information does not mention the recommended percentage for carbohydrates, so we cannot determine if 56% is a correct value.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the amount of sweat produced by an athlete is influenced by their body size and metabolic rate. Larger athletes tend to produce more sweat compared to smaller ones. Additionally, the athlete's metabolic rate, which is the rate at which their body converts food into energy, can also affect sweat production. Higher metabolic rates lead to increased sweat production. Furthermore, the temperature in which the athlete is working also plays a role. Higher temperatures cause the body to sweat more in order to cool down. Therefore, all these factors contribute to the amount of sweat produced by an athlete.

The threshold for the ATP/PC system is approximately 10 seconds. This means that the ATP/PC system can provide energy for high-intensity activities that last up to 10 seconds. Beyond this time frame, other energy systems such as the glycolytic system and aerobic system become more dominant in providing energy.

Food fuels, such as carbohydrates and fats, are broken down aerobically in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process, known as cellular respiration, occurs constantly in our bodies, even when we are at rest. Therefore, it is true that nearly all energy is provided aerobically when we are at rest.

Aerobic capacity refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in and used by the body over a longer period of time, typically during sustained exercise. It is not measured in just two minutes, but rather is assessed through various tests that evaluate an individual's ability to utilize oxygen efficiently during prolonged physical activity. Therefore, the statement that aerobic capacity is measured in two minutes is false.

The Cori Cycle refers to a metabolic pathway in which glucose is converted into lactic acid. This lactic acid is then released into the bloodstream and transported back to the liver. In the liver, the lactic acid is converted back into glycogen, which can be stored for later use. This cycle allows for the recycling of glucose and the maintenance of energy levels in the body. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.

The statement is not accurate. While it is true that free radicals can be produced during the electron transport chain, it is not true that all athletes have a problem with these free radicals. Free radicals are natural byproducts of cellular metabolism and the body has mechanisms to neutralize them. Additionally, athletes often have higher levels of antioxidants in their bodies due to their active lifestyles, which can help counteract the effects of free radicals. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all athletes have a problem with free radicals escaping from the electron transport chain.