Exercise Physiology - Qp5

The elbow joint is indeed a hinge joint, as it allows movement in only one plane, similar to a door hinge. The distal end of the humerus bone forms the upper part of the hinge, while the proximal ends of both the radius and ulna bones form the lower part of the hinge. This arrangement allows for flexion and extension of the forearm. Therefore, the statement is true.

The statement is true because the ankle joint is indeed a hinge joint. Hinge joints allow movement in only one plane, similar to the hinge on a door. In the case of the ankle joint, the talus bone in the foot articulates with the tibia and fibula bones in the lower leg. This allows for flexion and extension of the foot, enabling movements like walking and running.

The spinal column, also known as the backbone, serves several important functions. Firstly, it bears the weight of the body, distributing it evenly and providing support for the entire skeletal structure. Secondly, it acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the impact of movements and activities on the body. Lastly, it allows movement by providing flexibility and mobility to the body, enabling various activities such as bending, twisting, and turning.

When analyzing a movement, it is important to consider the movement patterns occurring at joints as a result of the movement. This helps to understand how the body is moving and the specific actions happening at each joint. Additionally, the muscles or group of muscles responsible for the movement should be considered as they are the primary drivers of the movement. Understanding which muscles are involved can provide insight into the mechanics and potential limitations of the movement. Lastly, the axes and planes in which the movements occur are crucial to understand the direction and orientation of the movement. This helps to accurately describe and analyze the movement in a systematic manner.

The given statement is false. Flexion and extension at the ankle joint are actually caused by the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, which are part of the calf muscles. The quadriceps group of muscles, on the other hand, are responsible for flexion and extension at the knee joint.

The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint, making it the prime mover. The anconeus muscle, although smaller, also assists in this movement. Therefore, the statement that the prime mover of elbow extension is the triceps brachii muscle and is assisted by the anconeus muscle is true.

The hip joint is indeed reinforced by strong ligaments, which provide stability and prevent dislocation. In contrast, the shoulder joint has a wider range of motion but is more prone to dislocation due to its shallower socket and weaker ligaments. Therefore, it is true that the hip joint is much more difficult to dislocate than the shoulder joint.

The shoulder girdle is not a hinge joint where the clavicle articulates with the scapula. Instead, it is a complex joint that allows for a wide range of movements, including rotation, elevation, and depression. The clavicle and scapula do not always move as a unit, as they can move independently of each other. Therefore, the statement is false.

The forearm muscles can be divided into two roughly equal groups depending on their function. This means that there are two main categories or classifications of forearm muscles based on their specific roles or purposes. These two groups likely have distinct characteristics or functions that differentiate them from each other.

The wrist is not a condyloid joint. It is actually a compound joint composed of multiple smaller joints. The distal end of the radius articulates with the scaphoid and lunate bones, while the distal end of the ulna articulates with the triquetrum bone. Therefore, the statement is false.