Anatomy Physiology For Kinesiology Practice Exam 3

The quadriceps muscle group consists of four muscles, namely the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and work together to extend the leg at the knee joint. Therefore, the statement "The quadriceps muscle group consists of 4 muscles" is true.

The gluteus medius muscle originates from the lateral surface of the ilium below the crest and inserts into the posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter of the femur. This muscle is responsible for abduction and medial rotation of the hip joint.

The gluteus maximus is a large muscle located in the buttocks. It originates from the posterior one fourth of the crest of the ilium, the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, and the fascia of the lumbar area. It inserts into the oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the linea aspera. This muscle is responsible for hip extension, thigh abduction, and thigh external rotation. It is the largest and most superficial muscle in the gluteal region, and it gives the buttocks their rounded shape.

The correct answer is vastus intermedius. The vastus intermedius is a muscle located in the anterior thigh. It originates from the upper two thirds of the anterior surface of the femur and inserts into the upper border of the patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. This muscle is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint.

The primary action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle is indeed hip abduction and hip flexion. This muscle is located on the lateral side of the hip and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the hip joint and assisting in movements such as lifting the leg to the side (abduction) and bending the hip (flexion). Therefore, the statement is correct.

The correct answer is Gracilis. The given information describes the origin and insertion points of a muscle. The muscle that fits these points is the Gracilis muscle, which originates from the anterior medial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis and inserts into the anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle.

The correct answer is sartorius. The sartorius muscle originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts into the anterior medial condyle of the tibia. This muscle is responsible for flexing, abducting, and laterally rotating the hip joint. It also flexes the knee joint. The other muscles listed do not have the same origin and insertion points as the sartorius muscle.

The soleus muscle originates from the proximal two-thirds of the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula, and inserts into the posterior surface of the calcaneus. This muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot, which means it helps to point the toes downward. The other muscles listed, such as the gastrocnemius, peroneus brevis, and flexor digitorum longus, have different origins and insertions and perform different functions in the lower leg and foot.

The iliopsoas muscle originates from the lower borders of the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, the sides of the bodies of the last thoracic vertebrae, and all lumbar vertebrae. It also originates from the inner surface of the ilium. The muscle inserts into the pectineal line and the lesser trochanter of the femur. Therefore, the correct answer is iliopsoas.

The correct answer is Gastrocnemius because it originates from the posterior surfaces of both condyles of the femur and inserts into the posterior surface of the calcaneus. The other muscles listed do not have the same origin and insertion points as the Gastrocnemius.

The primary action of the Iliopsoas is flexion of the hip and external rotation of the femur. This means that the muscle is responsible for bending the hip joint and rotating the thigh bone outward.

The correct answer is Flexor Hallucis Longus. This muscle originates from the middle two-thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula and inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the large toe, undersurface. It is responsible for flexing the big toe, allowing it to curl downward.

The correct answer is Rectus femoris. The rectus femoris muscle originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and inserts into the superior aspect of the patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. This muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles and is responsible for extending the knee joint and flexing the hip joint.

The given answer, Extensor Digitorum Longus, is the correct answer because it is the only muscle listed that originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and inserts into the tops of the middle and distal phalanges of the four lesser toes. The other muscles listed either have different origins or insertions.

The correct answer is tibialis anterior. The given information describes the origin and insertion points of a muscle. The tibialis anterior muscle originates from the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone. This muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.

The correct answer is Tibialis Posterior because the provided information describes the origin and insertion points of the muscle. The tibialis posterior muscle originates from the posterior surface of the upper half of the interosseous membrane and adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula. It inserts into the lower inner surfaces of the navicular and cuneiform bones, as well as the bases of the second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones. None of the other options mentioned match these origin and insertion points.

The correct answer is vastus medialis. The explanation for this is that the origin of the vastus medialis is the whole length of the linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge, and its insertion is the medial half of the upper border of the patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. This matches the given information in the question.

The correct answer is Tensor Fasciae Latae because it originates from the anterior iliac crest and inserts into the anterolateral tibial condyle. The other muscles listed have different origins and insertions. The Adductor Longus originates from the pubis and inserts into the linea aspera of the femur. The Gluteus Minimus originates from the ilium and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. The Gracilis originates from the pubis and inserts into the tibia. Therefore, the Tensor Fasciae Latae is the only muscle that matches the given origin and insertion.

The correct answer is Adductor Brevis. The adductor brevis muscle originates from the front of the interior pubic ramus just below the origin of the longus muscle. It inserts into the lower two thirds of the pectineal line of the femur and the upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera. This muscle is responsible for adducting the thigh, or bringing it closer to the midline of the body.

The correct answer is popliteus. The popliteus muscle originates from the posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur and inserts into the upper posterior medial surface of the tibia. This muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee joint by internally rotating the tibia. It also helps to stabilize the knee joint and prevent excessive rotation during movements such as walking and running.

There are five external rotator muscles in the body. These muscles are responsible for rotating the limbs away from the midline of the body. While the question does not specify which body part or region it is referring to, it can be assumed that it is referring to the major external rotator muscles in the hip region. These muscles include the piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris.

The correct answer is Peroneus Brevis. The Peroneus Brevis muscle originates from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula and inserts into the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone. This muscle is responsible for eversion of the foot and assists in plantar flexion. It also helps in stabilizing the ankle joint during walking and running.

The correct answer is semimembranosus. The semimembranosus muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts into the posterior medial surface of the medial tibial condyle. It is one of the hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh.

The correct answer is extensor hallucis longus. This muscle originates from the middle two thirds of the medial surface of the anterior fibula and inserts at the top of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe. It is responsible for extending (dorsiflexing) the big toe.

The biceps femoris is a muscle that originates from the ischial tuberosity and the lower half of the linea aspera, as well as the lateral conyloid ridge. It inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. This muscle is responsible for flexing the knee joint and extending the hip joint.

The pectineus muscle originates from a space 1 inch wide on the front of the pubis above the crest and inserts into the gluteal tuberosity. This muscle is responsible for flexion and adduction of the hip joint.

The given answer, flexor digitorum longus, is the correct answer because it is the muscle that originates from the middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia and inserts into the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes. The other options, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and extensor hallucis longus, do not match the given origin and insertion descriptions.

The correct answer is vastus Lateralis because it originates from the intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, upper half of linea aspera, and the entire lateral intermuscular septum. It inserts into the lateral border of the patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. This muscle is responsible for extending the knee joint and is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group.

The semitendinosus muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts into the upper anterior medial surface of the tibia. This muscle is responsible for flexing the knee joint and extending the hip joint. It is one of the hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh.

The correct answer is Adductor magnus. The given information describes the origin and insertion points of different muscles. Among the options provided, only the Adductor magnus matches the given description. It originates from the edge of the entire ramus of the pubis, ischium, and ischial tuberosity, and inserts along the whole length of the linea aspera, inner condyloid ridge, and adductor tubercle.

The correct answer is gluteus minimus. The given information describes the origin and insertion points of a muscle, which are the lateral surface of the ilium and the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur, respectively. The gluteus minimus is a muscle that fits this description, as it originates from the lateral surface of the ilium and inserts on the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur. Therefore, it is the most appropriate option among the given choices.

The correct answer is Adductor Longus. The given information describes the origin and insertion points of the muscle. The Adductor Longus muscle originates from the anterior pubis just below its crest and inserts into the middle third of the linea aspera. The other options, Vastus Medialis, Adductor Brevis, and Adductor Magnus, have different origin and insertion points, making Adductor Longus the correct answer.

The primary action of the Vastus Lateralis is knee extension, which means it is responsible for straightening the knee joint. Additionally, it also contributes to slight internal rotation of the knee.