Principles Of Ecology

Biotic factors refer to all living organisms in an ecosystem, while abiotic factors are nonliving elements that impact the ecosystem. Understanding the distinction between these two types of factors is crucial for studying ecology and the interactions within ecosystems.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported in a given environment. When the population exceeds this capacity, it leads to resource scarcity and decline in population.

In mutualism, both species benefit from the relationship, whereas commensalism involves one species benefitting while the other remains unaffected. Parasitism is a relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other. Symbiosis is a generic term that refers to any type of long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.

In this scenario, the mistletoe plant benefits from the living oak trees while causing damage to the tree, indicating a parasitic relationship.

Commensalism is a type of relationship where one organism benefits without affecting the other. In mutualism, both organisms benefit. Parasitism involves one organism benefiting at the expense of the other. Predation is a relationship where one organism kills and consumes another for sustenance.

An ecosystem is the correct term as it encompasses the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment, as depicted in the picture.

In ecology, a community refers to a group of interacting living organisms, while an ecosystem includes both living and nonliving components such as soil, water, and air. The incorrect answers provided misrepresent the concepts of community and ecosystem by mixing up their defining features.

A population specifically refers to a group of organisms of the same species that are capable of interbreeding, unlike a community which consists of multiple species, the total number of organisms, or a group with a common ancestor but unable to produce fertile offspring.

Consumers are specifically organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms, as opposed to producers that make their own food through photosynthesis or decomposers that break down dead matter. Additionally, consumers are typically classified as heterotrophs who rely on external sources for nutrition.

Producers are organisms that can make their own food by taking in energy. They are also known as autotrophs, and plants are a common example of producers.

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying material, such as fungi and bacteria. They play a crucial role in recycling nutrients in ecosystems.

Omnivores are animals that have a diet consisting of both plants and meat, unlike herbivores that only consume plants or carnivores that predominantly eat meat.

Herbivores are animals that predominantly eat plants for sustenance, unlike carnivores which primarily consume meat and insects, or omnivores which have a mixed diet of both plants and animals.

Carnivores are animals that primarily consume meat as part of their diet.

A trophic level refers to the position that an organism occupies in a food chain - it represents its feeding level in an ecosystem.

Primary consumers are the organisms that directly consume producers in a food web. Producers are the ones that produce food through photosynthesis, decomposers break down organic matter, and tertiary consumers are at the top of the food chain.

As you go from D to A, the energy decreases according to the law of conservation of energy.