Essential Muscular Movements in Human Kinesiology Quiz

The quadriceps muscles, which consist of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis, and vastus lateralis, are the primary movers responsible for knee extension. The hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and tibialis anterior are not the main prime movers for knee extension.

Knee flexion is primarily performed by the hamstrings (specifically semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris), popliteus, and gastrocnemius. Quadriceps, calf muscles, and gluteus maximus are not prime movers for knee flexion.

The correct prime movers for hip flexion are rectus femoris, iliopsoas, and pectineus as they are responsible for the primary action of bringing the thigh towards the abdomen.

Hip extension is primarily performed by the gluteus maximus, along with the hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris long head). Rectus femoris is a primary mover for hip flexion, while adductor magnus and vastus lateralis are more involved in other movements. Tensor fasciae latae is more focused on hip abduction and stabilization.

Hip abduction is primarily performed by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. The incorrect answers listed involve muscles that are not the primary movers in hip abduction.

Gluteus minimus is the primary muscle responsible for hip internal rotation due to its location and specific function.

The correct prime movers for hip external (lateral) rotation are the gluteus maximus and deep rotator muscles. The other options mentioned are not primarily responsible for this movement.

Ankle plantar flexion is primarily achieved by the contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, commonly referred to as the calf muscles.

Ankle dorsiflexion is the movement where the foot is brought towards the shin. The tibialis anterior is the prime mover for this action as it is located on the front of the lower leg and is responsible for lifting the foot up. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are primarily involved in ankle plantar flexion (pointing the foot downward), while the peroneus longus muscle is responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot.

Ankle inversion is primarily controlled by the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles. While the incorrect options play roles in ankle movements, they are not the primary movers for ankle inversion.

Ankle eversion is primarily controlled by the Peroneus Longus and peroneus brevis muscles, which are responsible for outward movement of the ankle joint. The other muscles listed are primarily involved in different movements of the ankle and foot.

The prime mover for toes 2-5 flexion is the Flexor digitorum longus, as it is responsible for flexing the second to the fifth toes. The other options listed are not primarily responsible for this specific movement.

The prime mover for big toe flexion is the Flexor hallucis longus which acts to flex the big toe.

The correct muscle responsible for extension of toes 2-5 is the Extensor digitorum longus, located in the anterior compartment of the leg.

The extensor hallucis longus is the muscle responsible for extension of the big toe. The other muscles mentioned are involved in different movements of the toes.

Genu varus refers to a common leg deformity where the knees angle outward, causing the legs to bow outwards. It is commonly known as 'bowlegs'.

Genu valgus, commonly known as knock knees, is a condition where the knees angle inward towards each other. It is a common orthopedic issue that can be present in children as they grow. The incorrect answers provided are descriptions of other orthopedic conditions to differentiate them from genu valgus.

Calcaneo valgus is a condition where the calcaneus bone is angled outward, causing the foot to tilt outward as well.

Calcaneo varus is a deformity where the calcaneus bone of the foot is angled inward, causing the foot to turn towards the midline of the body.

Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity where the big toe is angled outward, towards the other toes. This condition is also known as a bunion.

The ACL is a crucial ligament in the knee joint that specifically prevents abnormal movement between the tibia and femur.

The correct answer describes the function and location of the Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the human body, which helps in stabilizing the knee joint.

The correct answer explains that the MCL is the Medial collateral ligament that provides stability in the frontal plane and attaches to the medial meniscus, located on the medial part of the knee. The incorrect answers misinterpret the ligaments in the knee joint and their functions and locations.

The LCL stands for the lateral collateral ligament, which provides stability in the frontal plane and is located on the lateral side of the knee running from the femur to the tibia. The incorrect answers provided describe other ligaments in the knee joint with different functions and locations.

The iliotibial (IT) band provides lateral stability by connecting to the tensor fascia latae muscle. It runs along the lateral part of the leg, helping with various movements and stabilizing the knee joint.

The medial meniscus acts as a shock absorber, aiding in joint stability, and is located between the tibia and femur on the medial side of the knee.

The lateral meniscus is a shock absorber that helps deepen the tibial joint surface and divide the joint capsule. It is specifically located between the femur and the tibia on the lateral side.

The deltoid ligament is a crucial stabilizing ligament found on the medial side of the ankle that plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the ankle joint.

The lateral ligament in the ankle consists of three parts - posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and anterior talofibular. These ligaments play a crucial role in stabilizing the lateral aspect of the ankle joint.