Hist 201: European Colonization and Its Historical Impacts

Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, and known for her long peaceful reign and maintaining Protestantism in England. She allowed the translation of the Bible to English and was not known for having her head chopped off like some other historical figures.

New Spain refers to one of Spain's early colonizations in the early 1500s, not an island in the Pacific Ocean, a landlocked country in Europe, or a region in Australia.

Encomiendas were land grants given by the Spanish to individuals in the New World, typically used for farming and ranching. It was a system that was exploited and often led to harsh treatment of the indigenous population.

Encomenderos were individuals who received land grants known as Encomiendas, allowing them to use the people on the land and establish various operations. They were able to have a level of control and ownership over the land granted to them.

Bartolome de las Casas was not a Spanish painter, French explorer, or English playwright, but rather a Fransiscan monk who wrote about his experiences in the New World and played a key role in the reform of the Encomiendas System.

St. Augustine (1565) refers to the Spanish settlement and military fort built in Florida in 1565, which is the oldest settlement still around today. It was the first successful settlement in the area and was later replaced by Castillos de San Marcos.

The Franciscans were founded by St. Francis of Assisi in the early 13th century. St. Dominic founded the Dominican Order, St. Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), and St. Benedict founded the Order of Saint Benedict.

New Mexico is known for its rich Spanish colonial history and cultural influences, with Santa Fe being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the United States.

In 1598, Santa Fe was significant for being the location of the oldest mission in New Mexico, the San Miguel Mission, built by the Pueblo Indians and where they lived. This event marked an important chapter in the history of the region.

Juan de Onate was a Spanish conquistador and colonial governor known for establishing settlements in the region that would become New Mexico, particularly in Santa Fe. His main goal was to convert the Pueblo Indians to Catholicism.

Plantation agriculture refers to the large-scale commercial production of crops on plantations, focusing on growing one staple crop like tobacco or sugarcane. Historically, it was most profitable when utilizing slave labor and was eventually established and exported to regions like the Caribbean.

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, diseases, technology, and ideas between the New World and the Old World following the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. It had a significant impact on the populations and environments in both hemispheres.

During the Enclosure Movement, landowners in England sought to maximize profits by converting fields into pasture lands for sheep, which led to the displacement of peasant farmers who no longer had access to the land they relied on for their livelihood. This resulted in social and economic upheaval during the 1500s.

The Protestant Reformation was a significant religious movement in England that led to the split from the Catholic Church, not a war, a scientific revolution, or a movement for monarchy establishment.

Martin Luther was a significant figure in the Protestant Reformation, not to be confused with other historical figures.

The Ninety-Five Theses were specifically critiques of indulgences written by Martin Luther to challenge the practices of the Catholic Church.

Wittenburg Castle Church, located in Wittenberg, Germany, is the historical site where Martin Luther famously nailed his 95 Theses to the door, sparking the Protestant Reformation. The other options provided are incorrect locations and are not associated with the event in question.

The Doctrine of Justification by Faith, as explained by Martin Luther, emphasizes that salvation is solely achieved through faith and cannot be obtained through good deeds, a mixture of faith and works, or monetary transactions.

John Calvin was a French scholar who played a significant role in the colonization of the New World with his Calvinist beliefs and establishment of a Theocracy.

Geneva is historically known for being a city-state in Switzerland that played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation under the leadership of John Calvin and his followers.

The 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' is a foundational work for the Calvinist faith, written by John Calvin. It served as a systematic theology guidebook and instructional manual for followers of Calvinism.

Predestination is the belief that God has already determined whether an individual will go to heaven or not before they are born, based on God's foreknowledge.

A theocracy is a system where religious leaders hold political power and influence government decisions based on religious beliefs.

King Henry VIII had a complex relationship with the Catholic Church and the Pope, being critical of the Pope's authority while still holding onto Catholic beliefs. He was also known for having multiple wives, including Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn.

King Henry VIII's desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn led to his break from the Catholic Church and the creation of the Church of England.