Chapter 25 Test Prep

The term "establishing of colonies" refers to the process of colonization. Colonization involves the establishment of settlements or territories by a group of people from one country in another country or region. This typically involves the exploration, settlement, and exploitation of resources in the new territory. Colonization can have various motivations, such as economic, political, or strategic interests. Therefore, colonization is the most appropriate answer to the question.

A cash crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily for the purpose of selling it for profit, rather than for personal consumption by the farmer. This means that the farmer cultivates the crop with the intention of selling it to buyers in order to make money. Cash crops are typically high-value crops that have a steady demand in the market, allowing farmers to generate income from their cultivation. Examples of cash crops include coffee, cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane.

Intervention refers to the act of interfering in another country's domestic or foreign affairs. It can involve various actions such as military intervention, economic sanctions, or diplomatic pressure. In this context, the term "intervention" is used to describe a specific action taken by one country in relation to another country, potentially affecting its internal or external affairs. The answer provided correctly identifies "intervention" as the term that best describes this act.

The correct answer is Open-Door Policy. In 1899, the U.S. declared the Open-Door Policy, which proposed allowing merchants from all nations to have equal access to trade with China. This policy aimed to prevent any single country from dominating trade in China and to ensure fair competition among nations. It was a significant diplomatic initiative by the U.S. to protect its economic interests in China and maintain an open and free trading environment.

The correct answer is Russo-Japanese war. The given explanation is that Japan's growing interest in Manchuria alarmed the Russians, who were also eager to take over the province. This led to a conflict that escalated into a war in 1904.

The correct answer is Suez Canal. The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway located in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It was constructed in the 19th century and became the fastest route for ships traveling between Europe and Asia. The canal played a crucial role for Britain, as it provided a shorter and more efficient passage to its colonies in India and Australia, allowing for faster trade and transportation of goods.

Racism is the belief that one race is superior to other races. It involves the belief that certain races are inherently superior or inferior to others, leading to discrimination, prejudice, and unequal treatment based on race. This belief has been responsible for numerous acts of injustice, inequality, and violence throughout history.

A sphere of influence refers to a region that is under the dominant control and influence of a foreign nation, but not directly ruled by it. In this context, it means that the foreign nation has significant economic, political, and cultural influence over the region, without having complete administrative control. This term is commonly used to describe the geopolitical relationships between powerful nations and weaker states or regions.

Liliuokalani was the Queen of Hawaii who resisted surrendering her country's independence. However, she was eventually overthrown. In 1898, Hawaii was annexed by the United States.

Stanley is the correct answer because he was an American reporter hired by the American newspaper to find Livingstone. He successfully located Livingstone on the shores of Lake Tanganyika.

Leopold II was the King of Belgium. His action of having David Livingstone claim most of the Congo River valley alarmed France.

The U.S. wanted the canal built in Panama. Panama gained its independence from Colombia with the help of the U.S. In 1914, the canal was finished.

The correct answer is East India Company. The East India Company was a trading company that was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600. It had a monopoly on British trade with India and other parts of Asia, and played a significant role in British colonization and the establishment of the British Empire in India. The company was involved in various industries such as tea, textiles, and opium, and had a major impact on the economic and political landscape of both Britain and India.

The correct answer is "Sepoy Mutiny" because it accurately describes the event when Indian soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company. The term "Sepoy" refers to Indian soldiers serving in the British Indian Army, and "Mutiny" signifies a rebellion or uprising. Therefore, the Sepoy Mutiny is the most appropriate term to describe the historical event mentioned in the question.

A protectorate is a country or state that is controlled by an outside government. In this arrangement, the outside government provides protection and control over the internal affairs of the protectorate while allowing some degree of local autonomy. This allows the outside government to exert influence and maintain control over the protectorate without fully annexing it.

Livingstone was the most famous of the missionaries in the given time period. He was a minister from Scotland who traveled to Africa in 1841 with the purpose of preaching the Gospel. He strongly believed that only the British government had the power to put an end to the slave trade. Livingstone ventured deep into Africa alongside Africans in order to gather evidence against the slave trade.

The correct answer is Cape Colony. The explanation for this is that the British took control of the Cape Colony in 1806, during the Napoleonic wars. The Cape Colony was a region in South Africa that was colonized by the Dutch in the 17th century and later taken over by the British. It was home to various indigenous groups such as the Zulu, Xhosian, Khoikhoi, and Kung.

A condominium is a country that is ruled jointly by two other countries. In this type of arrangement, both countries have equal authority and control over the governance and administration of the condominium. This term is often used to describe a situation where two countries agree to share sovereignty over a particular territory or region.

Menelik II ruled Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913 and during his reign, he took advantage of international rivalries to acquire the most modern weapons. This allowed him to strengthen his military power and defend Ethiopia against potential threats. Menelik II's strategic move to arm his forces with modern weapons played a significant role in Ethiopia's successful resistance against European colonization attempts, particularly during the Battle of Adwa in 1896. His actions showcased his political astuteness and determination to protect Ethiopian sovereignty.

The correct answer is the Opium War. The given information describes a conflict that occurred between 1839 and 1842, primarily at sea. Chinese fleets, equipped with outdated cannons, were unable to compete with the well-armed British gunboats. The war resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Nanking between the two sides. This aligns with the historical context and events of the Opium War, which was fought between China and Great Britain over the issue of opium trade.

The correct answer is Boxer Rebellion. The given information describes the Secret Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, which is commonly known as the Boxers. In 1900, they rebelled in Peking (now Beijing) and targeted foreigners, shouting "Death to the foreign devils." They surrounded the European section of the city and kept it under siege for several months. Eventually, an army made up of 8 nations, including Britain, defeated the Boxers.

Edward was the Prince of Wales, Queen Victoria's eldest son, and the heir to the British throne. He believed in Imperialism, which is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or economic dominance. Edward's support for Imperialism was evident during his reign as King Edward VII, as he pursued alliances and expanded British influence abroad.

Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a country's rule over many lands, conquering and ruling other lands. It involves the expansion of a nation's power and influence through military force or economic dominance. Imperialism often includes the establishment of colonies or the imposition of control over other territories. This term is commonly used to describe the actions of European powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries when they sought to expand their empires and exploit resources in other parts of the world.

During British rule in India, the East India Company had its own army called the sepoys. These sepoys were Indian soldiers who served under the British. They played a significant role in the British military system in India and were recruited from various regions and communities. The sepoys were instrumental in maintaining British control and enforcing their policies throughout the country.

The correct answer is Theodore Roosevelt. This is because he was the president from 1901-1909 and was indeed enthusiastic about expanding American interests abroad. He wanted to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama and started the construction in 1903. He also encouraged a revolution in Panama and helped the Panamanians break away from Colombia.

The Indian National Congress is the correct answer because the passage mentions that the organization was concerned with winning equal opportunities for Indians in the civil service, and then later started calling for self-government. The other options mentioned (Sikhs, Hindus National Congress, and National Congress) are not mentioned in the passage and therefore are not supported by the given information.

Kipling was the most popular writer of the day (1865-1936) who wrote children/adult poems and stories, many of which were set in India. His works appealed to the readers' spirit of adventure and also their feelings of superiority.

The correct answer is Zulu. The Zulu tribe was found in Cape Colony and were known for their agricultural and herding practices. However, they were defeated by the Boers, who then established three separate countries in the region. The Zulu tribe played a significant role in the history of South Africa.

The correct answer is Boers. Dutch settlers, known as Boers, were strict Calvinists who believed in predestination and that they were chosen by God for salvation. They used this belief to justify their harsh treatment of the indigenous people, including the Africans. They also disliked being ruled by Britain and desired to have their own government.

Mutsuhito is the correct answer because he was the Emperor of Japan during the Meiji Restoration. The Meiji Restoration marked a period of major political, social, and economic transformation in Japan, where power was restored to the Emperor and the shogunate was abolished. Mutsuhito became the symbol of this new era and the new leaders ruled in his name.

During the Mughal era, several small states emerged as independent entities, each led by a ruler known as a maharajah. These rulers were often hereditary monarchs and held significant power within their respective territories. The term "maharajah" is commonly associated with Hindu rulers, and they played a crucial role in the political landscape of India during this period. They governed their states autonomously, maintaining their own armies, administrative systems, and cultural identities. The emergence of these maharajahs marked a significant shift in power away from the Mughal Empire and towards regional rulers.

The correct answer is the Battle of Tsushima. This battle took place in the straits between Japan and Korea and resulted in the Japanese navy sinking 28 out of the 40 ships in the Russian far Eastern Fleet.

The correct answer is "Great Trek". The Great Trek refers to the migration of thousands of Boers from Cape Colony into the African interior during the 1830s. This movement brought the Boers into conflict with the Zulu people. The term "Great Trek" accurately describes this significant historical event of mass migration.

Rhodes is the correct answer because he was a young Englishman who became rich in the diamond mines of South Africa. Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman and politician, made his fortune through diamond mining in South Africa during the late 19th century. He established the De Beers Mining Company and played a significant role in the diamond industry, ultimately becoming one of the wealthiest individuals of his time.

To assure control of nearby areas, it was crucial to have strategic locations. These strategic locations would provide a vantage point and allow for effective control and surveillance over the surrounding areas. By strategically positioning oneself, it becomes easier to monitor and respond to any potential threats or opportunities that may arise. Therefore, having strategic locations is essential for maintaining control and influence over nearby areas.

Hung Hsiu-ch'uan is the correct answer because the given information states that a teacher in southern China claimed to have a divine mission to save the world and established a government in Nanking after a rebellion with 1 million people. Hung Hsiu-ch'uan fits this description as he was a Chinese religious leader and the leader of the Taiping Rebellion, which aimed to establish the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace. This rebellion gained significant support and led to the establishment of a government in Nanking, as mentioned in the information provided.

Extraterritorial rights refer to the privilege of being exempt from obeying the laws of the local territory. This means that individuals or groups with extraterritorial rights are not subject to the jurisdiction of the local laws and can operate under their own legal framework. These rights are often granted to foreign diplomats, military personnel, or international organizations to ensure their independence and protect their interests while operating in a foreign country.

The Muslim League is the correct answer because it was an organization formed in 1906 with the aim of protecting the rights and interests of Muslims in India. Initially, the Muslim League sought to ensure equal opportunities for Muslims in the civil service and other areas of governance. However, over time, their focus shifted towards advocating for self-government and eventually played a significant role in the demand for a separate nation for Muslims, leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify American intervention in Latin America on several occasions. It stated that the U.S. had the right to act as an international police officer in the Americas. This policy was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, which aimed to prevent European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. The Roosevelt Corollary asserted that the U.S. had the authority to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect American interests. This justification was used to justify various interventions, such as the U.S. involvement in the Panama Canal and the occupation of several Caribbean countries.

The Xhosian people were herders found in Cape Colony and were a tribe. They were part of the Khoisan ethnic group, which includes various indigenous peoples in Southern Africa. The Xhosian people traditionally relied on herding livestock as their primary means of subsistence. They had a distinct culture and language, and their territory extended across parts of South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini. The Xhosian people played a significant role in the history and development of the Cape Colony and have continued to maintain their cultural identity to this day.

Kitchener was from Great Britain and he conquered the country of Sudan.

During the 1700s, the Mughal ruling dynasty in India was in decline, leading to the fragmentation of their control. As a result, numerous small states emerged, each ruled by a maharajah, who broke away from the Mughal authority. This period marked the weakening of the Mughal Empire and the rise of regional powers. The given answer, "Mughal," accurately reflects this historical context.

During the Meiji era in Japan, Mutsuhito selected the name for his reign, which meant "enlightened rule." This choice of name suggests that Mutsuhito aimed to bring about significant changes and modernization in Japan. The Meiji era was indeed a revolutionary time in Japan as it marked the end of feudalism and the adoption of a constitution similar to Germany's. This period witnessed numerous reforms and transformations that helped Japan transition into a modern industrialized nation. Therefore, the answer choice "Meiji" accurately reflects the description provided in the question.

Perry is the correct answer because he commanded the U.S. ships that arrived in Tokyo Harbor in 1853. He came with the intention of asking the Japanese to open their country to foreign trade and successfully negotiated a treaty with them. Mutsuhito, Meiji, and Russo are not relevant to the given information and do not fit the context of the question.

Latin America had many resources that factories needed, such as raw materials and crops. As the demand for these resources grew, Latin American countries increased their output to meet the demand. Additionally, governments in Latin America borrowed money from banks in Europe and the U.S. to make improvements and further boost their production capabilities.

The Sikhs were a religious group that had a long history of hostility towards the Mughals. They were known for their loyalty to the East India Company and the British, which made them an important part of Britain's army in India. This loyalty and their military skills made them the mainstay of the British army in India.

The term "Raj" refers to the period of direct British rule in India from 1858 to 1947. During this time, India was divided into 10 provinces and around 250 districts for administrative purposes. The term "Raj" is commonly used to describe the British colonial rule in India and the impact it had on the country.