Hist 122: European Expansion in East Asia and the Dynamics of Power in Muslim Empires, India, and East Asia

The Ottoman Empire was a powerful state that existed in the Middle East region during the 1500s. It covered a vast area including modern-day Turkey, parts of Europe, and the Middle East.

The Qing Empire was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. The Ming Dynasty ruled prior to the Qing Dynasty, the Tokugawa Shogunate ruled in Japan, and the Timurid Empire was in Central Asia and Persia, not China.

The Mughal Empire ruled in India during the 1600s, being known for its cultural flourishing and rich history.

Spices were primarily found in Asia in ancient times, and they were considered very expensive commodities that were only affordable to the wealthy. People often traveled long distances on foot to acquire them and used them for cooking purposes, as well as to showcase their wealth and status.

The Silk Road started in China and India, passed through the Middle East, and ended in Europe. It was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, technologies, and cultures.

Spices were originally used for their preservative properties to extend the shelf life of food and to cover up any unpleasant tastes that might come from using spoiled ingredients.

Humor Theory in medicine actually refers to the ancient belief that the body's health is determined by the balance of four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. The correct answer explains how blood played a significant role in this theory and how imbalances were believed to cause illnesses.

Spices have played a significant role in various religious practices and ceremonies due to their symbolic, aromatic, and health-related significance.

Portugal is actually a relatively small country with a population of around 1 million people and is considered to be poorer than the average country.

Henry ('the Navigator') was actually a Portuguese prince who encouraged exploration and navigation during the Age of Discovery.

Bartolomeu Dias' journey marked the first European voyage to successfully navigate around the southern tip of Africa, reaching the Cape of Good Hope. However, he did not continue on to India as originally intended.

Vasco da Gama followed Bartholomew Dias and successfully navigated to India, establishing a lucrative spice trade route.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who was the first man to circumnavigate the globe, following a route to Asia by going west that took him around South America into the Pacific Ocean. He traveled with the Spanish government, and named the Pacific Ocean for its peaceful weather. Despite not completing the journey himself, he is credited with the first successful circumnavigation of the world, though he did not return with all of his original crew.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe. The correct answer is the Straights of Magellan, which is a navigable sea route in southern Chile named in his honor.

Ferdinand Magellan died during the voyage, and Juan Sebastián Elcano took over as captain to complete the journey around the world.

Enrique was a slave from Asia who played a significant role in Magellan's expedition, surviving numerous hardships.

China's sheer size makes it a formidable force to reckon with, giving the country a great deal of influence and power on the global stage.

The correct answer refers to the historical desire to find a sea route to India for trade purposes, not mythical treasures like the fountain of youth, lost city of Atlantis, or philosopher's stone.

Sailors and people kept their money safe by hiding all the maps and secrets to protect their treasures from being stolen or lost at sea.

Afonso d'Albuquerque was a Portuguese admiral and enforcer who tried to control commerce through force, but was never able to achieve his desired level of control.

During the Middle Ages in India, Islam became the dominant religion during the 7th century due to the spread of Arab traders and the conquests of Islamic rulers.

Muhammed's impact was primarily related to sparking a religious revival rather than military conquest, economic reform, or cultural enlightenment.

The Silk Road played a crucial role in the economic prosperity of Muslim civilizations by facilitating trade and connecting them to a network of diverse societies.

Ibn Battuta was a traveler and explorer from Morocco who traveled extensively throughout the Islamic world and beyond, making it all the way to China. He is sometimes referred to as 'a Muslim Marco Polo' due to the similarities in their travels.

Averroes, also known as Ibn Rushd, was a Muslim philosopher and scientist from Andalusia who studied and interpreted the works of ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. He was known for his translations and commentaries on their writings, as well as his own philosophical contributions.

Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant who traveled to China and wrote about his experiences in a book. He did not sail to the Caribbean, was not a Greek philosopher, and did not defeat the Aztecs.

The Ottoman Empire faced challenges such as leadership issues, internal chaos, and an overemphasis on religious matters, rather than solely lacking military power, failure to adapt to technological advancements, or a weak economy.

The Ottoman Empire was a great Muslim dynasty with Turkish roots, known for their military prowess and ultimately being referred to as "the sick man of Europe" due to its decline in power and influence.

A Sultan refers to the ruler of the Ottoman Empire with extensive political power and religious authority. The term does not relate to Japanese swords, Hindu temples, or Roman officials.

The Janissaries were an elite fighting force in the Ottoman Empire known for being a 'slaved army' where young Christian boys were taken, converted to Islam, and trained in barracks to become skilled soldiers.