Understanding Single Subject Research Designs in Behavioral Psychology

1. What is the purpose of a single subject research design?

Quantifying the relationship between two variables.

Comparing groups of individuals at a single point in time.

Examining the impact of a treatment on a large population.

Evaluating individual progress over time.

A single subject research design focuses on tracking the progress of an individual over time to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment.

Explanation

A single subject research design focuses on tracking the progress of an individual over time to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment.

2. What are the basic elements of all single subject design research?

Selecting the participants

Determining the budget for the research

Hypothesizing the final outcome

In single subject design research, the focus is on selecting the target outcome, intervention, and measurement tool, collecting intervention data, and conducting analysis. Selecting the participants, determining budget, and hypothesizing the final outcome are not part of the basic elements.

Explanation

In single subject design research, the focus is on selecting the target outcome, intervention, and measurement tool, collecting intervention data, and conducting analysis. Selecting the participants, determining budget, and hypothesizing the final outcome are not part of the basic elements.

3. What are the four types of single subject research design?

1. AC (one baseline and one control)

3. XYZ (a random sequence of interventions)

2. BB (two baselines and no intervention)

Single subject research design involves studying a single participant to understand behavior changes. The correct types of designs are AB, ABA, ABAB, and ABC which have specific interventions and baseline phases. The incorrect answers do not reflect the standard types of single subject research designs.

Explanation

Single subject research design involves studying a single participant to understand behavior changes. The correct types of designs are AB, ABA, ABAB, and ABC which have specific interventions and baseline phases. The incorrect answers do not reflect the standard types of single subject research designs.

4. What is an intervention?

A medical procedure performed in a hospital.

A technique used to facilitate a change in research.

A musical performance.

An interference in political affairs.

An intervention, in the context of research, refers to a technique or method used to bring about a change or influence the outcome of a study. It is commonly used in various fields such as healthcare, psychology, and education to address specific issues or achieve desired results.

Explanation

An intervention, in the context of research, refers to a technique or method used to bring about a change or influence the outcome of a study. It is commonly used in various fields such as healthcare, psychology, and education to address specific issues or achieve desired results.

5. What type of measure is typically used to collect data in a single subject research design?

Biased measures because they are influenced by the researcher's perspective.

Qualitative measures because they provide a deeper understanding of individual experiences.

Subjective measures because they allow for personal opinions and interpretations.

Standardized measures because they are convenient and have established reliability and validity.

In single subject research design, standardized measures are preferred as they offer consistency, reliability, and validity in collecting data. Qualitative measures may not provide the necessary quantifiable data, subjective measures can introduce bias, and biased measures can skew results. Standardized measures are chosen for their objectivity and established characteristics.

Explanation

In single subject research design, standardized measures are preferred as they offer consistency, reliability, and validity in collecting data. Qualitative measures may not provide the necessary quantifiable data, subjective measures can introduce bias, and biased measures can skew results. Standardized measures are chosen for their objectivity and established characteristics.

6. What is a baseline?

It is a line drawn at the base of a structure.

It is a score that determines who wins a race.

It is a type of makeup used to define the jawline.

A baseline is not a physical line or a type of makeup, but rather a reference point used in evaluating changes or progress in an individual.

Explanation

A baseline is not a physical line or a type of makeup, but rather a reference point used in evaluating changes or progress in an individual.

7. What are the two ways to report the results of single subject design?

2. Conducting a survey and analyzing the responses to determine any change in behavior.

1. Graphing the results and examining the graph to see if a change has occurred over time. Eyeballing the results.

3. Interviewing the participants and recording their verbal feedback on the study.

4. Reviewing existing literature on the subject and comparing it with the study results.

In single subject design, graphing the results and visually examining the graph to identify any patterns or changes over time is a common method of reporting the results. This approach allows researchers to observe any trends or improvements without the need for complex statistical analysis. Eyeballing the results refers to visually inspecting the data on the graph.

Explanation

In single subject design, graphing the results and visually examining the graph to identify any patterns or changes over time is a common method of reporting the results. This approach allows researchers to observe any trends or improvements without the need for complex statistical analysis. Eyeballing the results refers to visually inspecting the data on the graph.

8. Which single subject design is the most common and least complicated?

AB- this is because it has one baseline measure and one intervention.

BC

ABC

AC

The AB single subject design is the most common and least complicated because it involves one baseline measure and one intervention, making it easy to implement and interpret.

Explanation

The AB single subject design is the most common and least complicated because it involves one baseline measure and one intervention, making it easy to implement and interpret.

9. Why would you use ABA design?

To increase the sample size for statistical validity

To reduce the cost of the intervention

To assess the control group's performance

The correct answer focuses on isolating the intervention's impact, whereas the incorrect answers do not align with the purpose of ABA design.

Explanation

The correct answer focuses on isolating the intervention's impact, whereas the incorrect answers do not align with the purpose of ABA design.

10. In ABA design what does the second A represent?

Introducing the intervention for the first time.

Reinforcing the positive behavior changes observed.

Monitoring the progress during the intervention phase.

In ABA design, the second A represents the withdrawal of the intervention and a return to the baseline. This allows researchers to see if the positive behavior changes observed during the intervention phase are maintained once the intervention is removed.

Explanation

In ABA design, the second A represents the withdrawal of the intervention and a return to the baseline. This allows researchers to see if the positive behavior changes observed during the intervention phase are maintained once the intervention is removed.

11. Why is the ABC design used?

To measure outcomes without any interventions.

To randomize the order of interventions.

To compare outcomes before and after interventions.

To target outcomes that require a single intervention.

The ABC design is specifically used to target outcomes that require more than one intervention by introducing multi-interventions in a sequential manner.

Explanation

The ABC design is specifically used to target outcomes that require more than one intervention by introducing multi-interventions in a sequential manner.