Quiz On Psychology And Aggression

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the study conducted by Coccaro in 1997, using a sample of 182 MZ (monozygotic) twins and 118 DZ (dizygotic) twins, found that 50% of aggression could be attributed to genes. This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining aggression.

Albert Bandura is the leading researcher into Social Learning Theory (SLT) and aggression. His famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated how children learn aggressive behavior through observation and imitation of others. Bandura's research has had a significant impact on our understanding of how social factors influence aggression and has paved the way for further studies in this field.

The correct answer suggests that aggression can be explained by the presence and interaction of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and testosterone. Serotonin is involved in regulating mood and impulse control, while dopamine plays a role in reward and motivation. Testosterone is a hormone associated with aggression and dominance. These neural explanations suggest that imbalances or dysregulation in these neurotransmitters can contribute to aggressive behavior.

False, infact he found a significant number of adoptees with criminal convictions had parents with convictions.

The correct answer is "Genes MAOA, twin studies, adoption studies". This answer suggests that the genetic explanation for aggression involves the MAOA gene, which has been linked to aggressive behavior. Twin studies and adoption studies are mentioned as the types of studies that support this genetic explanation. Twin studies involve comparing the behavior of identical twins, who share 100% of their genes, with that of fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their genes. Adoption studies involve comparing the behavior of adopted individuals with that of their biological and adoptive parents, allowing researchers to examine the influence of genetics versus environment on aggression.

Brunner (1993) studied a notorious family and found a defect on the X chromosome related to the gene MAOA. The nationality of this family was Dutch.

Lavinne found that the use of amphetamines, which increase dopamine levels, increased aggressive behavior.

The correct answer is importations model, deprivation model, dehumanisation. The importations model suggests that individuals bring their own characteristics and experiences into the institutional setting, which can contribute to aggression. The deprivation model proposes that aggression arises from the frustration and dissatisfaction individuals experience due to the lack of resources or opportunities in the institution. Dehumanisation refers to the process of viewing others as less than human, which can lead to aggression as individuals may feel justified in mistreating or harming others.

The importation model is supported by the studies conducted by Harer and Scheffenmeister as well as Keller and Wang. These studies provide evidence that the importation of criminal behaviors and attitudes from outside sources, such as cultural or social influences, can contribute to criminal activity. This supports the idea that individuals may bring their criminal tendencies with them when they migrate or relocate to new areas, rather than solely being influenced by their immediate environment.

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The correct answer is sexual jealousy, infidelity. This suggests that evolutionary explanations for aggression can be attributed to sexual jealousy and the act of infidelity. It implies that aggression may have evolved as a means to protect one's mate from potential rivals or to deter one's partner from engaging in infidelity. This explanation aligns with theories that propose aggression as a mechanism to ensure reproductive success and maintain genetic fitness.

The correct answer is that more space did not reduce aggression. According to the given information, the studies by Hodginkinson, Mckorkle et al and Nijman were part of the deprivation model. While the other findings suggested that more space reduces aggression, Nijman's findings contradicted this notion by suggesting that more space did not reduce aggression.

The correct answer is power-threat hypothesis, dehumanisation, xenophobia. These three explanations of group aggression suggest that aggression can be driven by factors such as perceived threats to power, the process of dehumanising others, and fear or hatred towards outsiders or foreigners. The power-threat hypothesis suggests that aggression may arise when a dominant group perceives a threat to their power or status. Dehumanisation involves viewing others as less than human, which can justify aggression towards them. Xenophobia refers to the fear or dislike of strangers or foreigners, which can lead to aggression against them.

Gergen et al. conducted a study that found that deindividuation can lead to hugs and sexual thoughts in the dark. This suggests that when individuals feel anonymous and less self-aware, they may engage in behaviors that they would not typically engage in. The study highlights the impact of deindividuation on social behavior and sheds light on the potential consequences of reduced self-awareness in certain situations.

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The given answer states that in the study conducted by Archer, out of the 230 participants with high levels of testosterone, all of them exhibited high levels of violence. This suggests that there is a strong association between high testosterone levels and aggression, supporting the claim made in the question.

The study conducted by Esses et al. found that individuals with high social dominance orientation have a tendency to reject members of out-groups and justify their aggressive behavior by dehumanizing others.

The study that investigated the power threat hypothesis and examined lynch mobs in Brazil lynching individuals who were not a threat is Clark (2006). This study likely explored the dynamics of power and threat perception within the context of lynch mobs in Brazil, shedding light on the reasons behind such violent actions.

Shackleford et al (2005) is the correct answer because it is the only option that matches the description given in the question. The study surveyed a specific number of males and females and found correlations between male retention techniques and violence in a relationship. Buss and Shackelford (1997) and Wilson et al are not mentioned in the question and therefore cannot be the correct answer.

Mcguffin and Gottesman (1985) conducted a study on twins to determine the concordance rates for different types of twins. The given question states that mz (monozygotic) twins had a concordance rate of 87%. This means that when one twin had a particular trait or condition, the other twin also had it 87% of the time. Therefore, the dz (dizygotic) twins, who are non-identical twins, would have a different concordance rate. The correct answer of 72% suggests that when one twin had a trait or condition, the other twin had it 72% of the time.

Scerbo and Raine (1993) found that aggressive children, particularly those who attempted suicide, had low levels of serotonin. This suggests that serotonin deficiency may be associated with aggressive behavior and suicidal tendencies.

Psychological explanations refer to the theories and concepts that aim to understand human behavior and mental processes. Two psychological explanations mentioned in the question are Social Learning Theory (SLT) and Deindividuation. SLT suggests that people learn and imitate behaviors through observation and modeling. Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and personal identity in a group, leading to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive behavior. The pneumonics provided, "Bad Boys Zebras make great dinner," help to remember these explanations.