Quiz Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance & Human Heredity

1. What is a carrier?

Definition:

A ship that carries cargo across the ocean.

A person who carries luggage for others.

An aircraft that carries passengers from one place to another.

A carrier can refer to various transportation methods, including companies that transport goods or people, rather than just specific modes of transportation like ships or airplanes.

Explanation

A carrier can refer to various transportation methods, including companies that transport goods or people, rather than just specific modes of transportation like ships or airplanes.

2. What is a pedigree?

A form of government identification

Definition:

A type of dental procedure

A type of dog breed

A pedigree is specifically related to genealogy and lineage, not dog breeds, dental procedures, or identification documents.

Explanation

A pedigree is specifically related to genealogy and lineage, not dog breeds, dental procedures, or identification documents.

3. What is an autosome?

Definition:

A type of microscope used in genetic research.

A cell that can reproduce on its own.

A gene responsible for autoimmune diseases.

An autosome is a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism.

Explanation

An autosome is a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism.

4. What is codominance?

Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene where neither allele is expressed in the phenotype.

Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene where only one allele is partially expressed in the phenotype.

Definition:

Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene where one allele is fully dominant over the other.

Codominance is different from complete dominance as both alleles are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that shows traits of both alleles equally.

Explanation

Codominance is different from complete dominance as both alleles are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that shows traits of both alleles equally.

5. What is epistasis?

Epistasis is the process of gene transcription.

Epistasis refers to a specific genetic trait that skips generations.

Epistasis is a type of genetic mutation.

Definition:

Epistasis is the interaction between different genes where the expression of a gene is influenced by the expression of one or more other genes.

Explanation

Epistasis is the interaction between different genes where the expression of a gene is influenced by the expression of one or more other genes.

6. What is incomplete dominance?

Incomplete dominance is a rare phenomenon that does not occur in nature.

Definition:

Incomplete dominance is when one allele completely masks the expression of the other allele.

Incomplete dominance is a genetic concept where the offspring receives exactly one gene from each parent.

Incomplete dominance is a genetic concept in which neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both alleles. This means that the phenotype of the heterozygous individual is different from the phenotypes of both homozygous individuals. It is a common occurrence in genetics and can be seen in traits such as flower color in snapdragons.

Explanation

Incomplete dominance is a genetic concept in which neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both alleles. This means that the phenotype of the heterozygous individual is different from the phenotypes of both homozygous individuals. It is a common occurrence in genetics and can be seen in traits such as flower color in snapdragons.

7. What are multiple alleles?

Multiple alleles refer to the presence of only one allele for a particular trait.

Multiple alleles refer to the variations within a single allele for a particular trait.

Definition:

Multiple alleles refer to the combination of two alleles for a particular trait.

Multiple alleles can exist for a particular trait in a population, providing different versions of the gene that can affect the trait in various ways.

Explanation

Multiple alleles can exist for a particular trait in a population, providing different versions of the gene that can affect the trait in various ways.

8. What are polygenic traits?

Traits that are not influenced by genetic factors.

Definition:

Traits controlled by a single gene.

Traits that do not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns.

Polygenic traits are determined by the interaction of multiple genes, each contributing a small amount to the overall phenotype.

Explanation

Polygenic traits are determined by the interaction of multiple genes, each contributing a small amount to the overall phenotype.

9. What are sex chromosomes?

Definition:

Chromosomes responsible for determining eye color.

Chromosomes that regulate metabolism.

Chromosomes that control hair growth.

Sex chromosomes are responsible for determining whether an individual is male or female. They carry genes that dictate biological traits related to sex.

Explanation

Sex chromosomes are responsible for determining whether an individual is male or female. They carry genes that dictate biological traits related to sex.

10. What is a sex-linked trait?

Definition:

A trait that is linked to environmental factors.

A trait that is only present in males.

A trait that is linked to an individual's gender identity.

Sex-linked traits are traits that are inherited through genes located on the sex chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. These traits can be passed down differently among males and females, leading to variations in expression based on gender.

Explanation

Sex-linked traits are traits that are inherited through genes located on the sex chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. These traits can be passed down differently among males and females, leading to variations in expression based on gender.

11. What is a karyotype?

Definition:

A type of gene found in bacteria.

The process of cellular respiration in animals.

A method used to study plant growth patterns.

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, not related to plant growth, cellular respiration, or bacterial genes.

Explanation

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, not related to plant growth, cellular respiration, or bacterial genes.

12. What is nondisjunction?

A process where chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.

Definition:

A type of mutation that occurs due to exposure to environmental factors.

The way in which genetic information is passed from generation to generation.

Nondisjunction specifically refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

Explanation

Nondisjunction specifically refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

13. What is a telomere?

A protein involved in muscle contraction

Definition:

A region of the cell responsible for energy production

A type of nerve cell in the brain

Telomeres are specifically located at the ends of chromosomes and play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability.

Explanation

Telomeres are specifically located at the ends of chromosomes and play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability.