Enzymes Quiz: Test Your Understanding of Proteins

There are a total of 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins in living organisms.

The correct answer is the 'R' Group, which is the variable part of the amino acid molecule and determines the specific properties of each amino acid.

When amino acids are bonded together, a peptide bond is formed which is a type of covalent bond.

When two amino acids join together through a peptide bond, they form a dipeptide. A monopeptide would imply a single amino acid, while tripeptide and polypeptide refer to molecules formed from three and multiple amino acids, respectively.

A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Monosaccharide is a simple sugar, lipid is a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, and steroids, and nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

Polypeptides and proteins are actually synthesized on ribosomes, which can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids and play vital roles in various biological processes. Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen, while collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues.

The tertiary structure of enzymes is essential for establishing the precise shape of the active site, where the substrate binds and reactions occur. This correct shape is necessary for the enzyme to catalyze reactions efficiently and specifically.

Enzymes that catalyse reactions outside the cell are known as extracellular enzymes. Intracellular refers to enzymes inside the cell, Endocellular and Pericellular are not commonly used terms in biology.

Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks or monomers of proteins. Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, fatty acids are building blocks of lipids, and monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates.

An amino acid consists of an amino group, an R group, an Acid group, and a carbon in between which are essential components of its structure.

Plants are capable of synthesizing amino acids through various metabolic pathways, while animals must acquire amino acids from the food they consume.

Amino acids are joined together through a condensation reaction, where a water molecule is removed to form a peptide bond.

Amino acids are split by hydrolysis, which involves breaking down compounds with water.

Non-essential amino acids are termed so not because they are not important, but because the body can synthesize them from other amino acids. They are still crucial for protein synthesis.

The quaternary structure refers to how multiple polypeptide chains come together to form a functional protein complex.

Enzymes like amylase and lipase are not specifically involved in the breakdown of sugar, while peroxidase is not involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.