a molecule that behaves as a large polar molecules. The structure of it is closely related to the structure of cell membranes. It has a hydrophilic head which is polar and a hydrophobic tail which is nonpolar.

Exploring the Fundamentals of Biological Chemistry and Life's Unique Properties Quiz

1. What are the four distinctive properties of living systems?

Living systems are not involved in energy transformations and are static.

Living systems do not have the capacity to self-replicate.

Biological structures do not serve any functional purposes.

Living systems are simple and disorganized.

Living systems exhibit complexity, organization, energy transformations, and the ability to self-replicate, which are key properties distinguishing them from non-living systems.

Explanation

Living systems exhibit complexity, organization, energy transformations, and the ability to self-replicate, which are key properties distinguishing them from non-living systems.

2. What are phospho-ester bonds used for?

To store energy from sugars.

Transporting oxygen in the bloodstream.

Providing structural support to DNA.

Regulating neurotransmitters in the brain.

Phospho-ester bonds are not used for providing structural support to DNA, transporting oxygen in the bloodstream, or regulating neurotransmitters in the brain. The correct answer is that they are used to store energy from sugars.

Explanation

Phospho-ester bonds are not used for providing structural support to DNA, transporting oxygen in the bloodstream, or regulating neurotransmitters in the brain. The correct answer is that they are used to store energy from sugars.

3. Name the biological atoms of life?percentage they make up in the human body? Property that unites them together which is important for the chemistry of life? what do the others do?

Calcium, sodium, potassium, iron. They make up 95% of the human body. Their ability to ionize and conduct electricity.

The correct answer includes the most abundant biological atoms in the human body and their unique properties essential for life. The incorrect answers provide other elements that are not as prevalent or crucial for biological processes.

Explanation

The correct answer includes the most abundant biological atoms in the human body and their unique properties essential for life. The incorrect answers provide other elements that are not as prevalent or crucial for biological processes.

4. Linear aliphatic, cyclic, branched and planar are all examples of what?

Classifications of amino acids based on side chain properties.

Categories of monosaccharides found in carbohydrates.

Types of chemical bonds found in DNA molecules.

3-D structures of biological molecules.

The correct answer refers to different types of structural arrangements in biological molecules. The incorrect answers provided are not related to the question as they discuss different concepts in biology and chemistry.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to different types of structural arrangements in biological molecules. The incorrect answers provided are not related to the question as they discuss different concepts in biology and chemistry.

5. What is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O?

-752 KJ/react

-822 kJ/mol

-882 kJ/mol

-752 kJ/mol

The correct standard enthalpy change for the reaction is -802 kJ/mol. This represents the heat released during the combustion of one mole of methane (CH4) to form one mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) and two moles of water (H2O).

Explanation

The correct standard enthalpy change for the reaction is -802 kJ/mol. This represents the heat released during the combustion of one mole of methane (CH4) to form one mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) and two moles of water (H2O).

6. Macromolecules and their building blocks have what?

Size or weight: Polysaccharides: Polymers, Steroids: Cholesterol

Color or appearance: Nucleic acids: Nitrogenous bases, Enzymes: Cofactors

Sense or directionality:Proteins: Amino acids, DNA 5'-3'-informational "DNA HARD DRIVE and RNA RAM

Functionality or purpose: Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Lipids: Fatty acids

The question is asking about a characteristic of macromolecules and their building blocks, which is their sense or directionality in terms of proteins, DNA, and RNA. The correct answer provided explains this concept. The incorrect answers provided do not address this specific characteristic and instead focus on different aspects or components of macromolecules and their building blocks.

Explanation

The question is asking about a characteristic of macromolecules and their building blocks, which is their sense or directionality in terms of proteins, DNA, and RNA. The correct answer provided explains this concept. The incorrect answers provided do not address this specific characteristic and instead focus on different aspects or components of macromolecules and their building blocks.

7. What are Biomolecules?

Larger molecules that are not essential for living organisms

Small molecules found only in plants

Complex molecules involved in geological processes

Biomolecules refer to a wide range of molecules essential for life processes, not just limited to plants. They are not specific to geological processes or unnecessary for living organisms.

Explanation

Biomolecules refer to a wide range of molecules essential for life processes, not just limited to plants. They are not specific to geological processes or unnecessary for living organisms.

8. What are the ACS guidelines?

ACS guidelines are specific rules for social media etiquette and online behavior.

ACS guidelines are related to building codes and regulations for construction projects.

ACS guidelines refer to standards for food safety and handling procedures.

The correct answer explains the core principles of the ACS guidelines in relation to evolution, structure, biochemical information, and biomolecule alteration.

Explanation

The correct answer explains the core principles of the ACS guidelines in relation to evolution, structure, biochemical information, and biomolecule alteration.

9. Define hydrated ions.

Ions that absorbs water molecules from its environment and includes it as part of it structure.

Ions that release water molecules into its environment.

Ions that do not interact with water molecules.

Ions that repel water molecules from its environment.

Hydrated ions are ions that have water molecules attached to them, forming a hydrated shell. This interaction with water molecules affects the properties and behavior of the ions.

Explanation

Hydrated ions are ions that have water molecules attached to them, forming a hydrated shell. This interaction with water molecules affects the properties and behavior of the ions.

10. Why are bacteria killed by ionophores breaking the concentration gradient across a bacterial cell membrane?

The bacteria are killed because ionophores disrupt the cell wall of bacteria.

The third because there is no energy coming in and out of the system.

The bacteria are killed because ionophores stop bacterial reproduction.

The bacteria are killed because ionophores create a toxic environment within the bacteria.

The correct answer is that the bacteria are killed because there is no energy coming in and out of the system, leading to the bacteria reaching equilibrium and ultimately death.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the bacteria are killed because there is no energy coming in and out of the system, leading to the bacteria reaching equilibrium and ultimately death.

11. Energy dissociation math problem: How much energy is released per reaction? C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O.

-1500 KJ/mol

-2000 KJ/mol

-3000 KJ/mol

-2540 KJ/mol

The correct answer of -2540 KJ/mol represents the energy released per reaction as a result of the combustion of ethane (C2H6) with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

Explanation

The correct answer of -2540 KJ/mol represents the energy released per reaction as a result of the combustion of ethane (C2H6) with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

12. For each of the following compounds are polar or nonpolar: H2O, C6H6, SO2, CCl4

Polarnonpolarpolarnonpolar

Nonpolar, polar, nonpolar, polar

Polar, polar, nonpolar, nonpolar

Nonpolar, nonpolar, polar, polar

The polarity of a compound is determined by its molecular structure and the electronegativity difference between its atoms. In this case, H2O (water) is polar due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen, C6H6 (benzene) is nonpolar as it has a symmetrical structure with equal sharing of electrons, SO2 (sulfur dioxide) is polar due to the bent molecular shape and unequal sharing of electrons between sulfur and oxygen, and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is nonpolar due to its symmetrical tetrahedral structure, leading to equal electron distribution.

Explanation

The polarity of a compound is determined by its molecular structure and the electronegativity difference between its atoms. In this case, H2O (water) is polar due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen, C6H6 (benzene) is nonpolar as it has a symmetrical structure with equal sharing of electrons, SO2 (sulfur dioxide) is polar due to the bent molecular shape and unequal sharing of electrons between sulfur and oxygen, and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is nonpolar due to its symmetrical tetrahedral structure, leading to equal electron distribution.

13. For each of the the following solutions, list all of the intermolecular forces that would be found: H2O C2H6 SO2 CCl4

Ionic bonding; covalent bonding; metallic bonding; hydrogen bonding

London dispersion; london dispersion, hydrogen bonding; dipole-dipole, london dispersion; london dispersion, hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen bonding, london dispersion; london dispersion, london dispersion; dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding; london dispersion, hydrogen bonding

London dispersion, dipole-dipole london dispersion london dispersion, dipole-dipole london dispersion

The correct answer includes the accurate intermolecular forces for each given compound. Incorrect answers were designed to incorporate common misconceptions about intermolecular forces.

Explanation

The correct answer includes the accurate intermolecular forces for each given compound. Incorrect answers were designed to incorporate common misconceptions about intermolecular forces.

14. Remember that weak IM forces determine biomolecular interactions, such as two proteins with each other. which of the following interactions are likely to take place?

No yes yes no

Yes yes no yes

Yes no yes no

No no yes no

The correct answer is 'yes yes no yes' because the interactions between proteins NH3+ and OOC, substrate Benzene and HO, and substrate Benzene and C4H10 with enzymes are likely to take place based on weak IM forces determining biomolecular interactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is 'yes yes no yes' because the interactions between proteins NH3+ and OOC, substrate Benzene and HO, and substrate Benzene and C4H10 with enzymes are likely to take place based on weak IM forces determining biomolecular interactions.

15. Calculate the Energy/Enthalpy change of the reactions: A. CH4+2O2--->CO2+2H2O B. CO2+2H2O--->CH4+2O2 C. 2H2+O2--->2H2O D. H2+Cl2--->2HCl?

B. 564 KJ/Mol less organized

C. -470 KJ/Mol organized

A. -668 KJ/Mol organized B. 564KJ/Mol less organized C. -470 KJ/Mol organized D. -185 KJ/Mol organized

D. -185 KJ/Mol organized

The correct answer calculates the Energy/Enthalpy change for the given reactions, with option A showing that CH4+2O2--->CO2+2H2O results in -668 KJ/Mol organized energy change. The other incorrect answers do not reflect the correct calculations for the given reactions.

Explanation

The correct answer calculates the Energy/Enthalpy change for the given reactions, with option A showing that CH4+2O2--->CO2+2H2O results in -668 KJ/Mol organized energy change. The other incorrect answers do not reflect the correct calculations for the given reactions.

16. What is a micelle?

A type of carbohydrate molecule involved in energy storage.

A type of protein found in muscle cells.

An enzyme involved in DNA replication.

Micelles are not proteins, carbohydrates, or enzymes. They are specifically structured molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, important for cell membrane structure.

Explanation

Micelles are not proteins, carbohydrates, or enzymes. They are specifically structured molecules with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, important for cell membrane structure.

17. How can soap molecules form micelles?

By attracting more water molecules towards them.

By changing color when in contact with water.

By emitting a high frequency sound wave.

Soap molecules form micelles by surrounding insoluble materials due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe how micelles are formed.

Explanation

Soap molecules form micelles by surrounding insoluble materials due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe how micelles are formed.

18. When forming a bond, is a positive or negative change in energy/entropy observed and why?

Positive because forming a bond leads to a decrease in overall energy of the system

Negative because when you break a bond you are releasing energy and to form it again it requires more energy.

Negative because forming a bond releases entropy into the system

Positive because breaking a bond requires more energy than forming it

When bonds are formed, energy is usually released rather than absorbed, leading to a negative change in energy/entropy. This is due to the fact that breaking a bond requires input of energy, while forming bonds releases energy.

Explanation

When bonds are formed, energy is usually released rather than absorbed, leading to a negative change in energy/entropy. This is due to the fact that breaking a bond requires input of energy, while forming bonds releases energy.

19. What is the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular bonds?

Bonds between atoms of different elements are always classified as intramolecular bonds.

Intramolecular bonds are between two different molecules and intermolecular bonds are within the same molecule.

Both intermolecular and intramolecular bonds involve interactions between atoms of the same element.

Intermolecular bonds are stronger than intramolecular bonds in chemical structures.

Intermolecular bonds are two different molecules and intramolecular bonds are within the same molecule

Intermolecular bonds refer to interactions between molecules, while intramolecular bonds refer to interactions within a single molecule. Understanding the distinction between these two types of bonds is crucial in the study of chemical bonding and structures.

Explanation

Intermolecular bonds refer to interactions between molecules, while intramolecular bonds refer to interactions within a single molecule. Understanding the distinction between these two types of bonds is crucial in the study of chemical bonding and structures.

20. List intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest.

Ion-ion, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, london dispersion, ion-ion in water

Ion-ion, ion-dipole, ion-ion in water, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, london dispersion.

Dipole-induced dipole, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, ion-ion in water, london dispersion

London dispersion, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, ion-ion, ion-ion in water

The intermolecular forces are ordered based on their strength. The strongest being ion-ion interactions and the weakest being london dispersion forces.

Explanation

The intermolecular forces are ordered based on their strength. The strongest being ion-ion interactions and the weakest being london dispersion forces.

21. Why are C, H, O, N integral for life?

C. They regulate the growth and development of living organisms.

Carbon which has long chains of branched structures of 3D unique shapes others give functionality (determine structure and function)

B. They form the basis of non-organic compounds essential for life.

A. They are toxic elements that provide energy for living organisms.

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen are essential elements for life due to their specific roles in forming molecules critical to the structure, function, energy, and regulation of living organisms.

Explanation

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen are essential elements for life due to their specific roles in forming molecules critical to the structure, function, energy, and regulation of living organisms.

22. Provide two examples of hydrogen bonds found in biomolecules.

H-F, O-H

N-H, C-H

H-Cl, N-O

S-H, F-Cl

Hydrogen bonds are typically formed between a hydrogen atom and either a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. In biomolecules, common examples include H-F and O-H bonds.

Explanation

Hydrogen bonds are typically formed between a hydrogen atom and either a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. In biomolecules, common examples include H-F and O-H bonds.